kalpana nagpal | Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi (original) (raw)

Papers by kalpana nagpal

American Journal of Rhinology, 2000

The frontal sinus rescue (FSR), first described in 1997, has now been performed on 24 patients (3... more The frontal sinus rescue (FSR), first described in 1997, has now been performed on 24 patients (32 sides) over a period of three years. It is a functional endoscopic surgical approach to correct an iatrogenically scarred and obstructed frontal recess, which cannot be successfully opened via a normal endoscopic frontal sinusotomy approach. It is utilized primarily for patients whose only remaining option is either a Draf-type drill-out (modified intranasal Lothrop) procedure or frontal sinus obliteration. The FSR is a technically challenging procedure, but faster, less difficult, and less destructive for the patient than a “drill-out” or frontal sinus obliteration. Once learned, it can save the patient from undergoing the more radical drill-out or obliterative procedure. The early experience and three-year follow-up with this new endoscopic procedure is presented in our first 24 patients (32 sides).

Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign overgrowths of cartilage ... more Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign overgrowths of cartilage (enchondromas), skeletal deformities and cutaneous lesions composed of abnormal blood vessels (hemangioma). Enchondromas arise in bones, most frequently in the hands and feet, and less often in the legs and long bones of the arm. We present a case report of hemangioma right side base of tongue and operated enchondroma left foot labelled as Maffucci syndrome. Patient underwent MRI contrast neck and after confirming the diagnosis, patient underwent robotic tongue base excision of hemangioma. No blood transfusion was required as robotic surgery is minimally invasive with minimal bleeding. Patient stay in hospital was only 1 day and recovered completely after the surgery and is doing well currently with no recurrence.

Surgical removal of ectopic lingual thyroid is indicated in symptomatic patients or in cases of s... more Surgical removal of ectopic lingual thyroid is indicated in symptomatic patients or in cases of suspected malignancies...

Apollo Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a deep impact on the health-care system. The increased risk... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a deep impact on the health-care system. The increased risk of contagion is especially for anesthetists, dentists, otolaryngologists, and head-and-neck surgeons. The management of ENT and head-and-neck surgical cases represents a unique challenge in the COVID-19 times. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an immense impact on ENT and head-and-neck routine and emergency surgeries. Patients needing immediate intervention when operated using robotic assistance could prove beneficial. Console surgeon is sitting at a distance to the patient and is not directly exposed to the surgical field. Short hospital stay, less blood loss, and no direct handling of tissue are some advantages. Robotic-assisted surgery in ENT and head-and-neck surgery can effectively minimize the risk of contamination of health-care providers.

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2015

OBJECTIVES: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiu... more OBJECTIVES: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis (P. vietnamenis).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous (POR) and alcoholic (PE) fractions were successfully isolated from P. vietnamenis. Further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate method and naproxen induced gastro-duodenal ulcer.RESULTS: Among the fractions POR showed better activity. POR and PE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the writhing test POR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced abdominal writhes than PE. In hot plate method POR showed better analgesic activity than PE. POR showed comparable ulcers reducing potential (p<0.01) to that of omeprazole, and has more ulcer reducing potential then PE.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that P. vietnamenis aqueous fraction possesses biological activity that is close to the standards taken for the treatment of peripheral painful or/and inflammatory and ulcer conditions.

Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2015

ABSTRACT In the present study various extraction methodologies have been adopted to derive sulfat... more ABSTRACT In the present study various extraction methodologies have been adopted to derive sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) called as porphyran (POR) from low tide (LT) and high tide (HT) samples of Porphyra vietnamensis. Initially various taxonomical differences among LT and HT samples of P. vietnamensis were evaluated. Later on various physico-chemical and antifungal properties were determined. Our results suggested that P. vietnamensis collected during LT yields high percentage of SPs with relatively low molecular weight (MW) and high sulfate content than HT sample. Among various extraction methodologies alkali modified POR yield low MW polysaccharide but surprisingly with high sulfate content which have shown improved physico-chemical and anti fungal properties than chitosan (CS) without any toxicological affects. However extensive research is further required to explore the molecular pathways inhibited or stimulated in this process.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management, 2014

International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2015

Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2011

Lovastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent which has low bioavailability due to the extensive firs... more Lovastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent which has low bioavailability due to the extensive first pass metabolism. It was sought to increase gastric retention of lovastatin by development of a sustained release gastroretentive drug delivery system leading to reduced fluctuation in the plasma concentration and improved bioavailability. MEHODS: Floating microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique, using various polymers and their blends. The in vitro performance was evaluated for drug-polymer compatibility, percent yield, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro onset and duration of floatation, in vitro drug release as well as in vivo determination of serum cholesterol level. The mean particle size of microspheres was observed to be between 6.9 to 9.5 µm and the maximum particle size was around 50 µm. In vivo studies of the selected batches indicated lower level of serum cholesterol compared to the marketed tablet at the same dose but was not signif...

Avicenna journal of phytomedicine

Objectives: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiu... more Objectives: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis (P. vietnamenis). Materials and Methods: Aqueous (POR) and alcoholic (PE) fractions were successfully isolated from P. vietnamenis. Further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate method and naproxen induced gastro-duodenal ulcer. Results: Among the fractions POR showed better activity. POR and PE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the writhing test POR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced abdominal writhes than PE. In hot plate method POR showed better analgesic activity than PE. POR showed comparable ulcers reducing potential (p<0.01) to that of omeprazole, and has more ulcer reducing potential then PE. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that P. vietnamenis...

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2011

During the past decade formulation of vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a ... more During the past decade formulation of vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a lot of interest amongst the scientist working in the area of drug delivery systems. Vesicular system such as liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes and ethosomes provide an alternative to improve the drug delivery. Niosomes play an important role owing to their nonionic properties, in such drug delivery system. Design and development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) has two prerequisites. First, it should deliver the drug in accordance with a predetermined rate and second it should release therapeutically effective amount of drug at the site of action. Conventional dosage forms are unable to meet these requisites. Niosomes are essentially non-ionic surfactant based multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles in which an aqueous solution of solute is entirely enclosed by a membrane resulting from the organization of surfactant macromolecules as bilayer. Niosomes are formed on hy...

Pharmaceutical development and technology, 2013

Supercritical fluids possess the unique properties of behaving like liquids and gases, above thei... more Supercritical fluids possess the unique properties of behaving like liquids and gases, above their critical point. Supercritical fluid technology has recently emerged as a green and novel technique for various processes such as solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, plasticization of polymers, surface modification, nanosizing and nanocrystal modification, and chromatographic extraction. Research interest in this area has been fuelled because of the numerous advantages that the technology offers over the conventional methods. This work aims to review the merits, demerits, and various processes such as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS), gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS), that have enabled this technology to considerably raise the interest of researchers over the past two decades. An insight has been given into the numerous appl...

Expert opinion on drug delivery, 2013

Drug targeting to brain by circumventing the physiological barriers is a prerequisite for drugs a... more Drug targeting to brain by circumventing the physiological barriers is a prerequisite for drugs acting on central nervous system (CNS) and therapeutic potential of many drugs can be improved by effectively targeting the drug(s) to brain. Present review describes blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug transport mechanisms and factors affecting drug transportation across BBB along with in vitro BBB models; and the approaches for evaluation of permeability of drug across BBB. The development of a still awaited perfect in vitro model to mimic BBB is a challenging task. System biologist, network biologist and computational technologist should come together to integrate the role of transporters, physiological and pathophysiological complexity of BBB to replicate vascular properties of the brain microcapillaries as a suitable model to facilitate the high-throughput screening of CNS acting biomolecules.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013

The minocycline hydrochloride (MH), at higher doses, is useful in the treatment of neurodegenerat... more The minocycline hydrochloride (MH), at higher doses, is useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and owing to its antioxidant potential, it may have nootropic effects. MH loaded nanoparticles (MHNP) were coated with tween 80 (cMHNP) to improve its brain uptake followed by their optimization employing two factor-three level (3(2)) central composite design (CCD) in order to minimize particle size and maximize drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and validated. The optimized formulations were further subjected to in vitro drug release study; in vivo biodistribution studies in male wistar rats. The pharmacodynamic study was carried out using elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) behavioral models for nootropic activity in swiss albino mice; and biochemical estimations (acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde and brain nitrite level). After intravenous (i.v.) administration, the concentration of MH in brain of cMHNP (6.21±0.64 µg/mL) treated ...

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2013

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline hydrochlo... more The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline hydrochloride (MH); enhance this effect using nanoparticulate drug delivery system; and further evaluate their safety by determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Pure drug MH, MH loaded nanoparticles (MHNP) and Tween 80(®) coated MH encapsulated nanoparticles (cMHNP) were explored for antidepressant-like activity in terms of immobility period using despair swim test (DST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice (dose equivalent to 100mg/kg MH, i.p.). For MTD determination, Wistar rats were treated with gradual increasing doses of MH and cMHNP orally for 28 consecutive days and observed for body weight, weight indices (WI), behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes until MTD was found. In mice, MH treatment showed antidepressant-like activity and cMHNP treatment significantly improved this effect. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed for MHNP treated group. However, ad...

International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 2013

Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) is a calcium channel blocking agent used in the treatment of hyperte... more Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) is a calcium channel blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia and angina pectoris. The short half-life and high frequency of administration of VH makes it a suitable candidate for designing sustained drug delivery system. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a sustained release matrix tablet of verapamil hydrochloride (VH) using ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, Eudragit RS 100, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and to evaluate the drug release kinetics. In order to achieve the required sustained release profile, the tablets were prepared by a wet granulation method using avicel PH 101 and magnesium stearate as binder and lubricant, respectively. The formulated tablets were characterized for pre-compression and post-compression parameters and they were in the acceptable limits. The drug release data obtained after an in vitro dissolution study was fitted to various release kinetic mo...

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2013

Primaquine (PQ) shows activity against the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of Plasmod... more Primaquine (PQ) shows activity against the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. However, liver targeted PQ delivery may be useful to minimize the dose-limiting blood toxicities and side-effects of PQ. The prime objective of this study was the preparation of PQ loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PQ-CS-NPs) in order to enhance drug tolerance and to reduce dose frequency. The morphological analysis of the chitosan NPs displayed particle size in the range 287-686 nm, polydispersity index in the range 0.338-0.430 and zeta potential between 9.21 and 22.80 mV which indicated good stability. PQ-CS-NPs exhibited EE and LC as 64.28 ± 1.85% and 33.18 ± 0.975%, respectively. The in vitro drug release (Batch C7) was 97.80 ± 0.65% after 24 h. After intravenous injection of PQ-CS-NPs in mice, the lethal dose of the PQ significantly reduced when compared to that of free PQ solution.

American Journal of Rhinology, 2000

The frontal sinus rescue (FSR), first described in 1997, has now been performed on 24 patients (3... more The frontal sinus rescue (FSR), first described in 1997, has now been performed on 24 patients (32 sides) over a period of three years. It is a functional endoscopic surgical approach to correct an iatrogenically scarred and obstructed frontal recess, which cannot be successfully opened via a normal endoscopic frontal sinusotomy approach. It is utilized primarily for patients whose only remaining option is either a Draf-type drill-out (modified intranasal Lothrop) procedure or frontal sinus obliteration. The FSR is a technically challenging procedure, but faster, less difficult, and less destructive for the patient than a “drill-out” or frontal sinus obliteration. Once learned, it can save the patient from undergoing the more radical drill-out or obliterative procedure. The early experience and three-year follow-up with this new endoscopic procedure is presented in our first 24 patients (32 sides).

Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign overgrowths of cartilage ... more Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign overgrowths of cartilage (enchondromas), skeletal deformities and cutaneous lesions composed of abnormal blood vessels (hemangioma). Enchondromas arise in bones, most frequently in the hands and feet, and less often in the legs and long bones of the arm. We present a case report of hemangioma right side base of tongue and operated enchondroma left foot labelled as Maffucci syndrome. Patient underwent MRI contrast neck and after confirming the diagnosis, patient underwent robotic tongue base excision of hemangioma. No blood transfusion was required as robotic surgery is minimally invasive with minimal bleeding. Patient stay in hospital was only 1 day and recovered completely after the surgery and is doing well currently with no recurrence.

Surgical removal of ectopic lingual thyroid is indicated in symptomatic patients or in cases of s... more Surgical removal of ectopic lingual thyroid is indicated in symptomatic patients or in cases of suspected malignancies...

Apollo Medicine

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a deep impact on the health-care system. The increased risk... more The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a deep impact on the health-care system. The increased risk of contagion is especially for anesthetists, dentists, otolaryngologists, and head-and-neck surgeons. The management of ENT and head-and-neck surgical cases represents a unique challenge in the COVID-19 times. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an immense impact on ENT and head-and-neck routine and emergency surgeries. Patients needing immediate intervention when operated using robotic assistance could prove beneficial. Console surgeon is sitting at a distance to the patient and is not directly exposed to the surgical field. Short hospital stay, less blood loss, and no direct handling of tissue are some advantages. Robotic-assisted surgery in ENT and head-and-neck surgery can effectively minimize the risk of contamination of health-care providers.

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2015

OBJECTIVES: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiu... more OBJECTIVES: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis (P. vietnamenis).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous (POR) and alcoholic (PE) fractions were successfully isolated from P. vietnamenis. Further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate method and naproxen induced gastro-duodenal ulcer.RESULTS: Among the fractions POR showed better activity. POR and PE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the writhing test POR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced abdominal writhes than PE. In hot plate method POR showed better analgesic activity than PE. POR showed comparable ulcers reducing potential (p<0.01) to that of omeprazole, and has more ulcer reducing potential then PE.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that P. vietnamenis aqueous fraction possesses biological activity that is close to the standards taken for the treatment of peripheral painful or/and inflammatory and ulcer conditions.

Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2015

ABSTRACT In the present study various extraction methodologies have been adopted to derive sulfat... more ABSTRACT In the present study various extraction methodologies have been adopted to derive sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) called as porphyran (POR) from low tide (LT) and high tide (HT) samples of Porphyra vietnamensis. Initially various taxonomical differences among LT and HT samples of P. vietnamensis were evaluated. Later on various physico-chemical and antifungal properties were determined. Our results suggested that P. vietnamensis collected during LT yields high percentage of SPs with relatively low molecular weight (MW) and high sulfate content than HT sample. Among various extraction methodologies alkali modified POR yield low MW polysaccharide but surprisingly with high sulfate content which have shown improved physico-chemical and anti fungal properties than chitosan (CS) without any toxicological affects. However extensive research is further required to explore the molecular pathways inhibited or stimulated in this process.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management, 2014

International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2015

Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2011

Lovastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent which has low bioavailability due to the extensive firs... more Lovastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent which has low bioavailability due to the extensive first pass metabolism. It was sought to increase gastric retention of lovastatin by development of a sustained release gastroretentive drug delivery system leading to reduced fluctuation in the plasma concentration and improved bioavailability. MEHODS: Floating microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique, using various polymers and their blends. The in vitro performance was evaluated for drug-polymer compatibility, percent yield, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro onset and duration of floatation, in vitro drug release as well as in vivo determination of serum cholesterol level. The mean particle size of microspheres was observed to be between 6.9 to 9.5 µm and the maximum particle size was around 50 µm. In vivo studies of the selected batches indicated lower level of serum cholesterol compared to the marketed tablet at the same dose but was not signif...

Avicenna journal of phytomedicine

Objectives: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiu... more Objectives: Aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis (P. vietnamenis). Materials and Methods: Aqueous (POR) and alcoholic (PE) fractions were successfully isolated from P. vietnamenis. Further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate method and naproxen induced gastro-duodenal ulcer. Results: Among the fractions POR showed better activity. POR and PE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the writhing test POR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced abdominal writhes than PE. In hot plate method POR showed better analgesic activity than PE. POR showed comparable ulcers reducing potential (p<0.01) to that of omeprazole, and has more ulcer reducing potential then PE. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that P. vietnamenis...

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2011

During the past decade formulation of vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a ... more During the past decade formulation of vesicles as a tool to improve drug delivery, has created a lot of interest amongst the scientist working in the area of drug delivery systems. Vesicular system such as liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes and ethosomes provide an alternative to improve the drug delivery. Niosomes play an important role owing to their nonionic properties, in such drug delivery system. Design and development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) has two prerequisites. First, it should deliver the drug in accordance with a predetermined rate and second it should release therapeutically effective amount of drug at the site of action. Conventional dosage forms are unable to meet these requisites. Niosomes are essentially non-ionic surfactant based multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles in which an aqueous solution of solute is entirely enclosed by a membrane resulting from the organization of surfactant macromolecules as bilayer. Niosomes are formed on hy...

Pharmaceutical development and technology, 2013

Supercritical fluids possess the unique properties of behaving like liquids and gases, above thei... more Supercritical fluids possess the unique properties of behaving like liquids and gases, above their critical point. Supercritical fluid technology has recently emerged as a green and novel technique for various processes such as solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, plasticization of polymers, surface modification, nanosizing and nanocrystal modification, and chromatographic extraction. Research interest in this area has been fuelled because of the numerous advantages that the technology offers over the conventional methods. This work aims to review the merits, demerits, and various processes such as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS), gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) and polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS), that have enabled this technology to considerably raise the interest of researchers over the past two decades. An insight has been given into the numerous appl...

Expert opinion on drug delivery, 2013

Drug targeting to brain by circumventing the physiological barriers is a prerequisite for drugs a... more Drug targeting to brain by circumventing the physiological barriers is a prerequisite for drugs acting on central nervous system (CNS) and therapeutic potential of many drugs can be improved by effectively targeting the drug(s) to brain. Present review describes blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug transport mechanisms and factors affecting drug transportation across BBB along with in vitro BBB models; and the approaches for evaluation of permeability of drug across BBB. The development of a still awaited perfect in vitro model to mimic BBB is a challenging task. System biologist, network biologist and computational technologist should come together to integrate the role of transporters, physiological and pathophysiological complexity of BBB to replicate vascular properties of the brain microcapillaries as a suitable model to facilitate the high-throughput screening of CNS acting biomolecules.

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013

The minocycline hydrochloride (MH), at higher doses, is useful in the treatment of neurodegenerat... more The minocycline hydrochloride (MH), at higher doses, is useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and owing to its antioxidant potential, it may have nootropic effects. MH loaded nanoparticles (MHNP) were coated with tween 80 (cMHNP) to improve its brain uptake followed by their optimization employing two factor-three level (3(2)) central composite design (CCD) in order to minimize particle size and maximize drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and validated. The optimized formulations were further subjected to in vitro drug release study; in vivo biodistribution studies in male wistar rats. The pharmacodynamic study was carried out using elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) behavioral models for nootropic activity in swiss albino mice; and biochemical estimations (acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde and brain nitrite level). After intravenous (i.v.) administration, the concentration of MH in brain of cMHNP (6.21±0.64 µg/mL) treated ...

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2013

The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline hydrochlo... more The aim of present study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of minocycline hydrochloride (MH); enhance this effect using nanoparticulate drug delivery system; and further evaluate their safety by determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Pure drug MH, MH loaded nanoparticles (MHNP) and Tween 80(®) coated MH encapsulated nanoparticles (cMHNP) were explored for antidepressant-like activity in terms of immobility period using despair swim test (DST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice (dose equivalent to 100mg/kg MH, i.p.). For MTD determination, Wistar rats were treated with gradual increasing doses of MH and cMHNP orally for 28 consecutive days and observed for body weight, weight indices (WI), behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes until MTD was found. In mice, MH treatment showed antidepressant-like activity and cMHNP treatment significantly improved this effect. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed for MHNP treated group. However, ad...

International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 2013

Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) is a calcium channel blocking agent used in the treatment of hyperte... more Verapamil hydrochloride (VH) is a calcium channel blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia and angina pectoris. The short half-life and high frequency of administration of VH makes it a suitable candidate for designing sustained drug delivery system. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a sustained release matrix tablet of verapamil hydrochloride (VH) using ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, Eudragit RS 100, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and to evaluate the drug release kinetics. In order to achieve the required sustained release profile, the tablets were prepared by a wet granulation method using avicel PH 101 and magnesium stearate as binder and lubricant, respectively. The formulated tablets were characterized for pre-compression and post-compression parameters and they were in the acceptable limits. The drug release data obtained after an in vitro dissolution study was fitted to various release kinetic mo...

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2013

Primaquine (PQ) shows activity against the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of Plasmod... more Primaquine (PQ) shows activity against the late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. However, liver targeted PQ delivery may be useful to minimize the dose-limiting blood toxicities and side-effects of PQ. The prime objective of this study was the preparation of PQ loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PQ-CS-NPs) in order to enhance drug tolerance and to reduce dose frequency. The morphological analysis of the chitosan NPs displayed particle size in the range 287-686 nm, polydispersity index in the range 0.338-0.430 and zeta potential between 9.21 and 22.80 mV which indicated good stability. PQ-CS-NPs exhibited EE and LC as 64.28 ± 1.85% and 33.18 ± 0.975%, respectively. The in vitro drug release (Batch C7) was 97.80 ± 0.65% after 24 h. After intravenous injection of PQ-CS-NPs in mice, the lethal dose of the PQ significantly reduced when compared to that of free PQ solution.