Nnamdi Iheaturu | FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI (FUTO), NIGERIA (original) (raw)

Papers by Nnamdi Iheaturu

Mild steel is one of the most important alloys in existence and has a wild variety of industrial ... more Mild steel is one of the most important alloys in existence and has a wild variety of industrial applications. However, it corrodes due to such factors as acidified moisture in the environment. Studies on mild steel surface reactions in acidified moisture has been the subject of investigation due to areas of applications of mild steel for durability in performance and in service (Cheng et al., 2007). Typical situations where inhibitors have been applied in other to mitigate corrosion are in the chemical process industries, textile wet processing plants, marine, oil and gas industries (Benabdellah et al., 2006; Bouklah et al., 2004). Many of synthesized organic compounds, such as amines (Fouda et al., 2005), triazoles (Bentiss et al., 1999), fatty acids (Loto et al., 2012), have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for steel in acid media. However, plant extracts have continued to attract attention in research where in recent times, corrosion inhibition effect on metals by organ...

Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2019

Degeneration or loss of organs, tissue component or cell unit remains the consequences of home or... more Degeneration or loss of organs, tissue component or cell unit remains the consequences of home or sport injuries, trauma, wear and tear of various diseases in human beings. The transplantation of tissue for the treatment of these diseases in different forms like autograft, allograft or xenograft posed potential benefits as well as risks. Due to the presence of many risk factors over health benefits of using allograft and others techniques, an alternative field termed as Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) has been employed to enhance healthcare delivery in the core areas of regenerating, replacing and repairing of worn out or diseased tissues and organs. The most relevant areas of Human Tissue Engineering include cells, biomolecules, manufacturing factors, safety and performance issues, informatics, modelling, clinical data and most particular, biomaterials. This study concentrates on the various biomaterials and their applications in tissue engineering. Biomateri...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

Drug delivery systems are used to deliver on target, diseases, ailments, and unhealthy body. In b... more Drug delivery systems are used to deliver on target, diseases, ailments, and unhealthy body. In biomedical science, polymeric systems and nanomaterials play a significant role because they serve as carriers for sending therapeutic agents specifically into the proposed site of action, with predominant viability, and with no adverse or toxic effects. Nanoparticulate delivery systems are designed to efficiently control particle size, morphology, improve infiltration, elasticity, solubility, and discharge of therapeutically active agents so as to achieve the objective and explicit action at a foreordained rate and time. Furthermore, some plants grown in sub-Saharan Africa, and their extracts, are found to contain bioactive compounds for medicinal purposes. Several investigations have been done to ascertain the efficacy of the plant extracts for the purpose of healing. This chapter takes a look at polymeric drug delivery systems, their morphology, nanomaterials and particulates used for treatment, some plant extracts, mechanisms of drug delivery, and risks associated with their usage and applications.

In the present work, oil palm press fibre reinforced epoxy composites were developed. The effect ... more In the present work, oil palm press fibre reinforced epoxy composites were developed. The effect of fibre loading varying from 5 wt. % to 30 wt. % on the mechanical properties of oil palm press fibre/epoxy composite was studied. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The mechanical properties of treated OPPF/epoxy composites were found to be higher that the untreated oil palm press fibres. Optimum tensile, flexural and impact strengths of OPPF/epoxy composites were obtained at fibre content of 20 wt. % in this work. Hardness, tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased with increasing fibre loading. Alkali-treated OPPF/epoxy composites when compared with untreated OPP fibres at 20 wt.% fibre loading showed an increase of tensile strength by 18.79 %, flexural strength by 15.15 % and impact strength by 18.21 %. The removal of hemicelluloses and other impurities with alkali treatment resulting to higher crystallinit...

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2015

Synthesis, preparation and characterization of novel hyperbranched 6FDA-TTM based polyimide membr... more Synthesis, preparation and characterization of novel hyperbranched 6FDA-TTM based polyimide membranes for effective CO 2 separation: Effect of embedded mesoporous silica particles and siloxane linkages,

Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2007

Drilling mud solid content was recovered from spent oil base drilling mud (SOBM) samples collecte... more Drilling mud solid content was recovered from spent oil base drilling mud (SOBM) samples collected from a rig site in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria. The mud solids (clays) were sieved into different particle sizes and calcined at 900°C for 2hrs, then treated with 40% ethylamine at 120°C. Solids in spent oil base drilling mud constitute about 55.65% per lOOmls. Particle size analysis show that recovered spent mud sample contains about 77.48% of particles with size less than 300μηι. The samples were complexed into unsaturated polyester (UPR) resin composite using the in-situ formation technique. Tests carried out on the samples show that 63μπι, 75μηι, ΙΟΟμηι, 300μιη and 425μηι filled composites gave modulus of 1666.67 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 312.5 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 156.25 χ 10 6 Nm' 2 , 125 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 and 104.2 χ ΙΟ 6 Nm-2 respectively. Ultimate strength was 39.38 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 43.75 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 for 63μηι and 75μηι filled composites respectively and remained 37.5 χ 10 6 Nm' 2 for ΙΟΟμηι, 300μιη and 425μηι filled composites. UPR composite filled with 63μηι size SOBM solids gave material with the highest modulus, resulting to improved tensile properties.

Chemistry and Materials Research, Mar 1, 2020

The production of drilling mud using pectin extracted from Citrus Sinensis peels was carried out.... more The production of drilling mud using pectin extracted from Citrus Sinensis peels was carried out. The extraction was carried out using water-hot acid technique which is a conventional method, and the extracted pectin was pregelatinized using calcium water. The pre-gelatinized pectin biopolymer was used to prepare drilling mud. Filter loss method was used to determine the filtration properties of the mud at 25°C and 200°C and 0.1g/mol concentration of pectin polymer was compared to the filtration behavior of hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud. Our results showed that the pectin biopolymer mud (PPM) has better filtration control behavior than the hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud (CMM). The study also showed that highest sorptivity value of 21.25 was obtained with PPM at 200°C, while the highest diffusivity value of 0.424 was obtained with CMM at 200°C.

Handbook of Graphene, 2019

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

New polymer materials for medical applications are the reason for some successes recorded in medi... more New polymer materials for medical applications are the reason for some successes recorded in medicine and surgery. Current research and development (R&D) efforts are geared toward the upgrading of techniques and devices for more compelling and productive processing and application of biomaterials in medicine and surgery. The application of outcomes of such R&D efforts has led to recorded successes in the treatment of nagging health-related issues, wherein polymeric biomaterials are technically deployed in today’s healthcare technology. For wound healing, for instance, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds may be designed to have a wide scope of properties which incorporate suitable surface science, porosity with pore measurements from large-scale to submicron and interconnectivity systems, which enable cell-to-cell communication and migration, cell multiplication, and separation, lastly to keep up the biocompatibility and basic honesty all through the tissue recovery process. Fabrication...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

Biopolymers and their nanocomposites have made tremendous progress as a result of their biofuncti... more Biopolymers and their nanocomposites have made tremendous progress as a result of their biofunctionality, biocompactibility and biodegradability. These attributes make them resorbable while they serve as a vehicle for drug delivery for healing, skin regeneration and skin grafting. Materials that have been developed for this purpose are hydrolytically sensitive biocellulosics, furan-based polymers, polyesters and their amides, polypeptides, polysaccharides, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes and pseudo-polyamino acids, to mention a few. These polymers may be synthesized into hydrogels, spun into fibres and fabricated into fibrous scaffolds, for medical applications. The technology as it evolves tends to seek ways of achieving drug delivery for living cells replication by serving as drug carriers. The drugs may be synthetic nanoparticles or sourced from natural and renewable materials such as metabolic extracts, antibiotics, antiseptics and antimicrobial drugs from medici...

In this work, pure urea crosslinked siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid and a lanthanide, in ... more In this work, pure urea crosslinked siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid and a lanthanide, in this case europium (Eu 3+ ), doped urea crosslinked siloxane based organic-inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized, analyzed and properties compared. The pure and doped materials were synthesized with di-ureasils (Jeffamine 600) / d-U600, zirconium (IV) n-propoxide (Zr(OC3H7)4) / ZPO, and methacrylic acid (H2C=C(CH3)CO2H) / MAA. The reaction between d-U600 and ZPO which was catalyzed by MAA was expected tocause a nucleophilic displacement,with zirconium ion of the ZPO displacing any of the silicon ion (Si 4+ ) grafted at both ends of the tripod siloxane,crosslinked to urea (-NHCO) functionality, then to thevariable length poly(ether)-based backbone. However, from the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, it seemed that the materials exhibited a non-bonded zirconium ion in the d-U(600)+ZPO(10% molars/SI)+MAA samples as though it were still a pure sample of d-U(600). ...

Natural antioxidant was extracted from Monodora myristica, a shrub grown majorly in South-East Ni... more Natural antioxidant was extracted from Monodora myristica, a shrub grown majorly in South-East Nigeria, otherwise called “Ehuru” by the Ibo tribe in Nigeria. About 0 to 5% w/w compositions of Monodora myristica antioxidant extract (MAE) were infused into polysulfone (PS) resin. Another set of samples were compounded with 5% α-tocopherol (AT) in PS resin and other set of samples were infused with a combination of MAE and AT in PS resin. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) were used as solvents at the ratio 3:1. During the blending, mechanical, physico-chemical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties of the films were checked and compared with that of the pure PS. The antioxidative ability of the produced films was investigated using DPPH method. The results obtained show that tensile strength of the blended PS films reduced significantly with higher concentration of MAE accompanied with significant increase in elongation at break (EAB) when compared to that o...

A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing... more A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing and textile industry. In this review, different methods of textile finishing are hereby explained. Whereas the conventional methods of finishing including wet and dry finishing techniques are still being practiced on cotton and woolen fabrics, advanced textile finishing techniques may include functionalization using nano-coatings, surface modification using hydrolyzable silanes, enzymes, microencapsulation, and the strengthening of synthetic fibres with nano-coatings and nano-clays, to mention but a few. These techniques induce different textures and performance characteristics onto the textile materials, making them textile materials for the future, otherwise “futuristic” textiles from apparels and garments to technical textiles that respond effectively to changes within the environment and human body. This would make it possible for futuristic textiles to be widely applied in a variet...

Spent oil-base drilling mud (SOBM) was subjected to calcination. The effect of calcination on the... more Spent oil-base drilling mud (SOBM) was subjected to calcination. The effect of calcination on the physico-chemical properties of the calcined SOBM is hereby studied. Properties such as colour, pH, moisture content and regain, specific gravity (Sp. Gr.), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), oil and grease (O/G) on cuttings,microstructure, and chemical composition of SOBM clay before and after calcination were investigated. Results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), indicate the prescence of heavy metallic elements and their oxides in the fly ash. However, after calcination, it contained 0% TPH and 0% O/G, 43,910 mg/kg or 66.51% calcium and 19,805 mg/kg or 30% barium as major heavy metals and 61,439 mg/kg or 66.72% and 26,905 mg/kg or 29.22% as their oxides content respectively. Scanning electron micrograph reveals that the end product is an insoluble, egg-yolk-yellow, nanoporous hydrocalciteorganoclaywith average pore size measured as 809.65nm.SOBM clay physico-chemcial proper...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials

Without a doubt, petroleum-based resources have caused in increased interests in bio-renewable po... more Without a doubt, petroleum-based resources have caused in increased interests in bio-renewable polymer-based, relatively cheap, readily available and environmentally friendly materials. These interests are growing in leaps and bounds and have and continue to elicit even greater interest in order to come up with new resources that are less unfavorable in terms of the environment, health and cost of production. This quest has led to exploration of producing composites and nanocomposites, especially, those with polymer substrates for use in various applications, including: automotive, aerospace, electronics, civil, medical and biomedical, drug delivery, sensors and actuators and many other fields of human endeavors. In this regard, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are intensively used for medical specialty applications like drug delivery and tissue engineering. This is because of their very unique and exceptional physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. In this chapter, the focus will mainly be based on the various techniques for green biosynthesis of composites and nanocomposites, specifically, for applications in medical and biomedical fields. Very briefly, mention will be made in other fields of application.

International Journal of Advanced Research

Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications

Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because ci... more Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because civilian aircraft with composites inclusions was considered to be too expensive. The use of composite in aircrafts, instead of steel, has resulted in lightweight aircraft structures and has consequently reduced the level of fuel consumption and costs of fuel, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Undoubtedly, nanocomposites applications abound in several aspects of human life and the use of nanoparticle in materials dates back to the understanding of the nature of these materials. This chapter will focus on the use of nanopolymers in the aerospace and in the military. Particular attention will be given to nano military weapons, nanocoating for military applications, nanotechnology for military drones, nanotechnology in military suits, gloves, boots and nanotechnology in armored military vehicles, aircraft, and military ships and in military medicine.

Mild steel is one of the most important alloys in existence and has a wild variety of industrial ... more Mild steel is one of the most important alloys in existence and has a wild variety of industrial applications. However, it corrodes due to such factors as acidified moisture in the environment. Studies on mild steel surface reactions in acidified moisture has been the subject of investigation due to areas of applications of mild steel for durability in performance and in service (Cheng et al., 2007). Typical situations where inhibitors have been applied in other to mitigate corrosion are in the chemical process industries, textile wet processing plants, marine, oil and gas industries (Benabdellah et al., 2006; Bouklah et al., 2004). Many of synthesized organic compounds, such as amines (Fouda et al., 2005), triazoles (Bentiss et al., 1999), fatty acids (Loto et al., 2012), have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for steel in acid media. However, plant extracts have continued to attract attention in research where in recent times, corrosion inhibition effect on metals by organ...

Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2019

Degeneration or loss of organs, tissue component or cell unit remains the consequences of home or... more Degeneration or loss of organs, tissue component or cell unit remains the consequences of home or sport injuries, trauma, wear and tear of various diseases in human beings. The transplantation of tissue for the treatment of these diseases in different forms like autograft, allograft or xenograft posed potential benefits as well as risks. Due to the presence of many risk factors over health benefits of using allograft and others techniques, an alternative field termed as Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) has been employed to enhance healthcare delivery in the core areas of regenerating, replacing and repairing of worn out or diseased tissues and organs. The most relevant areas of Human Tissue Engineering include cells, biomolecules, manufacturing factors, safety and performance issues, informatics, modelling, clinical data and most particular, biomaterials. This study concentrates on the various biomaterials and their applications in tissue engineering. Biomateri...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

Drug delivery systems are used to deliver on target, diseases, ailments, and unhealthy body. In b... more Drug delivery systems are used to deliver on target, diseases, ailments, and unhealthy body. In biomedical science, polymeric systems and nanomaterials play a significant role because they serve as carriers for sending therapeutic agents specifically into the proposed site of action, with predominant viability, and with no adverse or toxic effects. Nanoparticulate delivery systems are designed to efficiently control particle size, morphology, improve infiltration, elasticity, solubility, and discharge of therapeutically active agents so as to achieve the objective and explicit action at a foreordained rate and time. Furthermore, some plants grown in sub-Saharan Africa, and their extracts, are found to contain bioactive compounds for medicinal purposes. Several investigations have been done to ascertain the efficacy of the plant extracts for the purpose of healing. This chapter takes a look at polymeric drug delivery systems, their morphology, nanomaterials and particulates used for treatment, some plant extracts, mechanisms of drug delivery, and risks associated with their usage and applications.

In the present work, oil palm press fibre reinforced epoxy composites were developed. The effect ... more In the present work, oil palm press fibre reinforced epoxy composites were developed. The effect of fibre loading varying from 5 wt. % to 30 wt. % on the mechanical properties of oil palm press fibre/epoxy composite was studied. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical properties of the composites was also investigated. The mechanical properties of treated OPPF/epoxy composites were found to be higher that the untreated oil palm press fibres. Optimum tensile, flexural and impact strengths of OPPF/epoxy composites were obtained at fibre content of 20 wt. % in this work. Hardness, tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased with increasing fibre loading. Alkali-treated OPPF/epoxy composites when compared with untreated OPP fibres at 20 wt.% fibre loading showed an increase of tensile strength by 18.79 %, flexural strength by 15.15 % and impact strength by 18.21 %. The removal of hemicelluloses and other impurities with alkali treatment resulting to higher crystallinit...

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2015

Synthesis, preparation and characterization of novel hyperbranched 6FDA-TTM based polyimide membr... more Synthesis, preparation and characterization of novel hyperbranched 6FDA-TTM based polyimide membranes for effective CO 2 separation: Effect of embedded mesoporous silica particles and siloxane linkages,

Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2007

Drilling mud solid content was recovered from spent oil base drilling mud (SOBM) samples collecte... more Drilling mud solid content was recovered from spent oil base drilling mud (SOBM) samples collected from a rig site in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria. The mud solids (clays) were sieved into different particle sizes and calcined at 900°C for 2hrs, then treated with 40% ethylamine at 120°C. Solids in spent oil base drilling mud constitute about 55.65% per lOOmls. Particle size analysis show that recovered spent mud sample contains about 77.48% of particles with size less than 300μηι. The samples were complexed into unsaturated polyester (UPR) resin composite using the in-situ formation technique. Tests carried out on the samples show that 63μπι, 75μηι, ΙΟΟμηι, 300μιη and 425μηι filled composites gave modulus of 1666.67 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 312.5 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 156.25 χ 10 6 Nm' 2 , 125 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 and 104.2 χ ΙΟ 6 Nm-2 respectively. Ultimate strength was 39.38 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 , 43.75 χ 10 6 Nm" 2 for 63μηι and 75μηι filled composites respectively and remained 37.5 χ 10 6 Nm' 2 for ΙΟΟμηι, 300μιη and 425μηι filled composites. UPR composite filled with 63μηι size SOBM solids gave material with the highest modulus, resulting to improved tensile properties.

Chemistry and Materials Research, Mar 1, 2020

The production of drilling mud using pectin extracted from Citrus Sinensis peels was carried out.... more The production of drilling mud using pectin extracted from Citrus Sinensis peels was carried out. The extraction was carried out using water-hot acid technique which is a conventional method, and the extracted pectin was pregelatinized using calcium water. The pre-gelatinized pectin biopolymer was used to prepare drilling mud. Filter loss method was used to determine the filtration properties of the mud at 25°C and 200°C and 0.1g/mol concentration of pectin polymer was compared to the filtration behavior of hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud. Our results showed that the pectin biopolymer mud (PPM) has better filtration control behavior than the hydroxyl propyl starch modified drilling mud (CMM). The study also showed that highest sorptivity value of 21.25 was obtained with PPM at 200°C, while the highest diffusivity value of 0.424 was obtained with CMM at 200°C.

Handbook of Graphene, 2019

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

New polymer materials for medical applications are the reason for some successes recorded in medi... more New polymer materials for medical applications are the reason for some successes recorded in medicine and surgery. Current research and development (R&D) efforts are geared toward the upgrading of techniques and devices for more compelling and productive processing and application of biomaterials in medicine and surgery. The application of outcomes of such R&D efforts has led to recorded successes in the treatment of nagging health-related issues, wherein polymeric biomaterials are technically deployed in today’s healthcare technology. For wound healing, for instance, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds may be designed to have a wide scope of properties which incorporate suitable surface science, porosity with pore measurements from large-scale to submicron and interconnectivity systems, which enable cell-to-cell communication and migration, cell multiplication, and separation, lastly to keep up the biocompatibility and basic honesty all through the tissue recovery process. Fabrication...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, 2019

Biopolymers and their nanocomposites have made tremendous progress as a result of their biofuncti... more Biopolymers and their nanocomposites have made tremendous progress as a result of their biofunctionality, biocompactibility and biodegradability. These attributes make them resorbable while they serve as a vehicle for drug delivery for healing, skin regeneration and skin grafting. Materials that have been developed for this purpose are hydrolytically sensitive biocellulosics, furan-based polymers, polyesters and their amides, polypeptides, polysaccharides, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes and pseudo-polyamino acids, to mention a few. These polymers may be synthesized into hydrogels, spun into fibres and fabricated into fibrous scaffolds, for medical applications. The technology as it evolves tends to seek ways of achieving drug delivery for living cells replication by serving as drug carriers. The drugs may be synthetic nanoparticles or sourced from natural and renewable materials such as metabolic extracts, antibiotics, antiseptics and antimicrobial drugs from medici...

In this work, pure urea crosslinked siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid and a lanthanide, in ... more In this work, pure urea crosslinked siloxane-based organic-inorganic hybrid and a lanthanide, in this case europium (Eu 3+ ), doped urea crosslinked siloxane based organic-inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized, analyzed and properties compared. The pure and doped materials were synthesized with di-ureasils (Jeffamine 600) / d-U600, zirconium (IV) n-propoxide (Zr(OC3H7)4) / ZPO, and methacrylic acid (H2C=C(CH3)CO2H) / MAA. The reaction between d-U600 and ZPO which was catalyzed by MAA was expected tocause a nucleophilic displacement,with zirconium ion of the ZPO displacing any of the silicon ion (Si 4+ ) grafted at both ends of the tripod siloxane,crosslinked to urea (-NHCO) functionality, then to thevariable length poly(ether)-based backbone. However, from the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, it seemed that the materials exhibited a non-bonded zirconium ion in the d-U(600)+ZPO(10% molars/SI)+MAA samples as though it were still a pure sample of d-U(600). ...

Natural antioxidant was extracted from Monodora myristica, a shrub grown majorly in South-East Ni... more Natural antioxidant was extracted from Monodora myristica, a shrub grown majorly in South-East Nigeria, otherwise called “Ehuru” by the Ibo tribe in Nigeria. About 0 to 5% w/w compositions of Monodora myristica antioxidant extract (MAE) were infused into polysulfone (PS) resin. Another set of samples were compounded with 5% α-tocopherol (AT) in PS resin and other set of samples were infused with a combination of MAE and AT in PS resin. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) were used as solvents at the ratio 3:1. During the blending, mechanical, physico-chemical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties of the films were checked and compared with that of the pure PS. The antioxidative ability of the produced films was investigated using DPPH method. The results obtained show that tensile strength of the blended PS films reduced significantly with higher concentration of MAE accompanied with significant increase in elongation at break (EAB) when compared to that o...

A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing... more A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing and textile industry. In this review, different methods of textile finishing are hereby explained. Whereas the conventional methods of finishing including wet and dry finishing techniques are still being practiced on cotton and woolen fabrics, advanced textile finishing techniques may include functionalization using nano-coatings, surface modification using hydrolyzable silanes, enzymes, microencapsulation, and the strengthening of synthetic fibres with nano-coatings and nano-clays, to mention but a few. These techniques induce different textures and performance characteristics onto the textile materials, making them textile materials for the future, otherwise “futuristic” textiles from apparels and garments to technical textiles that respond effectively to changes within the environment and human body. This would make it possible for futuristic textiles to be widely applied in a variet...

Spent oil-base drilling mud (SOBM) was subjected to calcination. The effect of calcination on the... more Spent oil-base drilling mud (SOBM) was subjected to calcination. The effect of calcination on the physico-chemical properties of the calcined SOBM is hereby studied. Properties such as colour, pH, moisture content and regain, specific gravity (Sp. Gr.), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), oil and grease (O/G) on cuttings,microstructure, and chemical composition of SOBM clay before and after calcination were investigated. Results from atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), indicate the prescence of heavy metallic elements and their oxides in the fly ash. However, after calcination, it contained 0% TPH and 0% O/G, 43,910 mg/kg or 66.51% calcium and 19,805 mg/kg or 30% barium as major heavy metals and 61,439 mg/kg or 66.72% and 26,905 mg/kg or 29.22% as their oxides content respectively. Scanning electron micrograph reveals that the end product is an insoluble, egg-yolk-yellow, nanoporous hydrocalciteorganoclaywith average pore size measured as 809.65nm.SOBM clay physico-chemcial proper...

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials

Without a doubt, petroleum-based resources have caused in increased interests in bio-renewable po... more Without a doubt, petroleum-based resources have caused in increased interests in bio-renewable polymer-based, relatively cheap, readily available and environmentally friendly materials. These interests are growing in leaps and bounds and have and continue to elicit even greater interest in order to come up with new resources that are less unfavorable in terms of the environment, health and cost of production. This quest has led to exploration of producing composites and nanocomposites, especially, those with polymer substrates for use in various applications, including: automotive, aerospace, electronics, civil, medical and biomedical, drug delivery, sensors and actuators and many other fields of human endeavors. In this regard, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are intensively used for medical specialty applications like drug delivery and tissue engineering. This is because of their very unique and exceptional physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. In this chapter, the focus will mainly be based on the various techniques for green biosynthesis of composites and nanocomposites, specifically, for applications in medical and biomedical fields. Very briefly, mention will be made in other fields of application.

International Journal of Advanced Research

Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications

Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because ci... more Previously, applications of composites were limited to the military aerospace. This is because civilian aircraft with composites inclusions was considered to be too expensive. The use of composite in aircrafts, instead of steel, has resulted in lightweight aircraft structures and has consequently reduced the level of fuel consumption and costs of fuel, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. Undoubtedly, nanocomposites applications abound in several aspects of human life and the use of nanoparticle in materials dates back to the understanding of the nature of these materials. This chapter will focus on the use of nanopolymers in the aerospace and in the military. Particular attention will be given to nano military weapons, nanocoating for military applications, nanotechnology for military drones, nanotechnology in military suits, gloves, boots and nanotechnology in armored military vehicles, aircraft, and military ships and in military medicine.