Zeiad Moussa | Agricultural Research Center (Egypt) (original) (raw)
Papers by Zeiad Moussa
Scientific Reports, 2023
In comparison to physicochemical and chemical methods, microbial dye biosorption is regarded as a... more In comparison to physicochemical and chemical methods, microbial dye biosorption is regarded as an eco-effective and economically viable alternative and is a widely applied method due to its high efficiency and compatibility with the environment. Therefore, the idea of this study is to clarify to what extent the viable cells and the dry biomass of Pseudomonas alcaliphila NEWG-2 can improve the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from a synthetic wastewater sample. The array of Taguchi paradigm has been conducted to ascertain five variables affecting the biosorption of MB by broth forms of P. alcaliphila NEWG. The data of MB biosorption were familiar to the predicted ones, indicating the precision of the Taguchi model's prediction. The maximum biosorption of MB (87.14%) was achieved at pH 8, after 60 h, in a medium containing 15 mg/ml MB, 2.5% glucose, and 2% peptone, with sorting the highest signal-to-noise ratio (38.80). FTIR spectra detected various functional groups (primary alcohol, α, β-unsaturated ester, symmetric NH 2 bending, and strong CO stretching) on the bacterial cell wall that participated in the biosorption of MB. Furthermore, the spectacular MB biosorption ability was validated by equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies (the dry biomass form), which were derived from the Langmuir model (q max = 68.827 mg/g). The equilibrium time was achieved in about 60 min, with 70.5% of MB removal. The biosorption kinetic profile might be adequately represented by pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The changes in the bacterial cells before and after the biosorption of MB were characterized using a scanning electron microscope. As realized from the aforementioned data, the bacterium is a talented, effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost bio-sorbent for the decolorization and remedy of an industrial effluent containing MB from an aqueous environment. The current outcomes in the biosorption of MB molecules promote the use of the bacterial strain as viable cells and/or dry biomass in ecosystem restoration, environmental cleanup, and bioremediation studies. Dye-polluted water is a major problem, and it is not informal to imagine red, blue, or brown colors among the parameters of water quality judgment. The environmental pollution caused by dyes results in aesthetic problems and severe public health concerns, tallying to several serious environmental issues, due to their residence in nature, and being deprived of biodegradability features. There are approximately more than 10.000 different commercially available dyes, with annual productivity of 7 × 10 5 tons worldwide 1. The pollution with dye is highly noticeable, even in low concentrations ˂ 1 ppm, which is detrimental, carcinogenic, and harmful to aquatic life and the food chain. Moreover, the dyes are usually stable to light, oxidizing agents, and tolerant to aerobic deprivation, with worries about degradability 2. Recently, dyes, on the other hand, have an exciting comprehensive genuine concern, owing to their toxic effect on the ecosystem. Methylene blue (MB), is one of these dyes, which
microorganisms, 2023
The beneficial microorganisms represent a new and hopeful solution for a sustainable environment ... more The beneficial microorganisms represent a new and hopeful solution for a sustainable environment and development. In this investigation, Trichoderma asperellum ZNW, isolated from seeds, was domiciliated within the pea plant for improving growth, disease management, and enhancement of productivity. Globisporangium ultimum NZW was isolated from deformed pea seeds, representing the first record of the pathogen caused by pea damping-off. Both fungi were molecularly identified. T. asperellum ZNW produced several lytic enzymes and bioactive metabolites as detected by GC-MC. The SEM illustrated the mycoparasitic behavior of T. asperellum ZNW on G. ultimum NZW mycelia. In the pot experiment, T. asperellum domiciliated the root and grew as an endophytic fungus, leading to root vessel lignification. Under soil infection, T. asperellum reduced damping-off, by enhancing peroxidase, polyphenol, total phenols, and photosynthetic pigments content. The vegetative growth, yield, and soil dehydrogenase activity were improved, with an enhancement in the numerical diversity of the microbial rhizosphere. This work may enable more understanding of the plant-fungal interaction, yet, working on domiciliation is recommended as a new approach to plant protection and growth promotion under various ecological setups.
Scientific Reports, 2022
The present investigation has been designed by Taguchi and hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)... more The present investigation has been designed by Taguchi and hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) paradigms to improve and optimize the binary sorption of Cobalt(II) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution, depending on modifying physicochemical conditions to generate an appropriate constitution for a highly efficient biosorption by the alga; Sargassum latifolium. Concerning Taguchi's design, the predicted values of the two responses were comparable to actual ones. The biosorption of Cobalt(II) ions was more efficient than MB, the supreme biosorption of Cobalt(II) was verified in run L21 (93.28%), with the highest S/N ratio being 39.40. The highest biosorption of MB was reached in run L22 (74.04%), with a S/N ratio of 37.39. The R2 and adjusted R2 were in reasonable values, indicating the validity of the model. The hybrid ANN model has exclusively emerged herein to optimize the biosorption of both Cobalt(II) and MB simultaneously, therefore, the ANN model was better than the Taguchi design. The predicted values of Cobalt(II) and MB biosorption were more obedience to the ANN model. The SEM analysis of the surface of S. latifolium showed mosaic form with massive particles, as crosslinking of biomolecules of the algal surface in the presence of Cobalt(II) and MB. Viewing FTIR analysis showed active groups e.g., hydroxyl, α, β-unsaturated ester, α, β-unsaturated ketone, N–O, and aromatic amine. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports deeming the binary sorption of Cobalt(II) and MB ions by S. latifolium during Taguchi orthogonal arrays and hybrid ANN.
Microorganisms, 2022
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the globally significant plant pathogens that infect a wide host... more Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the globally significant plant pathogens that infect a wide host range of economically important plants. A study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an avirulent strain of R. solanacearum can act as a biocontrol mediator for managing potato bacterial wilt. Virulent R. solanacearum was isolated and identified (GenBank accession number; OP180100). The avirulent strain was obtained from the virulent strain through storage for 3 weeks until the development of deep red colonies. The virulent strain had higher lytic activity than the avirulent strain. Tubers' treatments by the avirulent strain of R. solanacearum, (supernatant, boiled supernatant, and dead cells) significantly reduced plant disease rating and increased the growth, physiological activities, and biomass of potato compared to the untreated, infected control. The major components detected by GC-MS in the supernatant revealed 10.86% palmitic acid (virulent), and 18.03% 1,3-dioxolane, 2,4,5-trimethyl-(avirulent), whereas the major component in the boiled supernatant was 2-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone in the virulent (21.17%) and avirulent (27.78%) strains. This is the first research that assessed the influence of boiled supernatant and dead cells of virulent and avirulent R. solanacearum strains in controlling bacterial wilt disease. Additional work is encouraged for further elucidation of such a topic.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022
The definitive screening design (DSD) and artificial neural network (ANN) were conducted for mode... more The definitive screening design (DSD) and artificial neural network (ANN) were conducted for modeling the biosorption of Co(II) by Pseudomonas alcaliphila NEWG-2. Factors such as peptone, incubation time, pH, glycerol, glucose, K 2 HPO 4 , and initial cobalt had a significant effect on the biosorption process. MgSO 4 was the only insignificant factor. The DSD model was invalid and could not forecast the prediction of Co(II) removal, owing to the significant lack-of-fit (P < 0.0001). Decisively, the prediction ability of ANN was accurate with a prominent response for training (R 2 = 0.9779) and validation (R 2 = 0.9773) and lower errors. Applying the optimal levels of the tested variables obtained by the ANN model led to 96.32 ± 2.1% of cobalt bioremoval. During the biosorption process, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the sorption of Co(II) ions by P. alcaliphila. FTIR indicated the appearance of a new stretching vibration band formed with Co(II) ions at wavenumbers of 562, 530, and 531 cm −1. The symmetric amino (NH 2) binding was also formed due to Co(II) sorption. Interestingly, throughout the revision of publications so far, no attempt has been conducted to optimize the biosorption of Co(II) by P. alcaliphila via DSD or ANN paradigm.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 2017
This investigation aims to apply a safe practice to minimize potato losses due to soft rot diseas... more This investigation aims to apply a safe practice to minimize potato losses due to soft rot disease of tubers kept under ambient temperature. In this regard, gamma irradiation was used to extend keeping quality through its effect on soft rot bacteria. Eight bacterial isolates were recovered on Logan's medium from kitchen kept tubers with symptoms of soft rot disease. Five isolates were found pathogenic and tentatively identified as Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on the basis of the usual bacteriological methods. A molecular method using 16SrDNA sequence analysis for verification of the identity of two isolates was made. The two bacterial isolates, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, were irradiated by different doses of gamma rays. Complete inhibition occurred at doses 2.5 and 2.0 KGy for high densities (Approximately 4.0 x10 9 CFU/ml) of P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, respectively. The D10 value of gamma irradiation was 0.24 KGy for P. atrosepticum and 0.20 KGy for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. Irradiation of artificially infected tubers with soft rot bacteria using the two mentioned D10 doses for the two bacterial species increased the shelf life of tubers kept under ambient temperature. The internal chemical quality of tubers was shown to be improved by keeping the tubers under ambient temperature after irradiation by the two D10 doses 0.24 and 0.20 KGy.
Plant residuals comprise the natural habitat of the plant pathogen; therefore, attention is curre... more Plant residuals comprise the natural habitat of the plant pathogen; therefore, attention is currently focusing on biological-based bioprocessing of biomass residuals into benefit substances. The current study focused on the biodegradation of peanut plant residual (PNR) into citric acid (CA) through a mathematical modeling strategy. Novel endophytic Trichoderma longibrachiatum WKA55 (GenBank accession number: MZ014020.1), having lytic (cellulase, protease, and polygalacturonase) activity, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization ability were isolated from peanut seeds and used during the fermentation process. As reported by HPLC, the maximum CA (5505.1 μg/g PNR) was obtained after 9 days in the presence of 15.49 mg TCP, and 15.68 mg glucose. GC-MS analysis showed other bioactive metabolites in the filtrate of the fermented PNR. Practically, the crude product (40%) fully inhibited (100%) the growth and spore germination of three mycotoxinogenic fungi. On peanuts, it improved the seed germination (91%), seedling features, and vigor index (70.45%) with a reduction of abnormal seedlings (9.33%). The current study presents the fundamentals for large-scale production in the industry for the sustainable development of PNR biomass as a natural source of bioactive metabolites, and safe consumption of lignocellulosic-proteinaceous biomass, as well. T. longibrachiatum WKA55 was also introduced as a novel CA producer specified on PNR. Application of the resulting metabolite is encouraged on a large scale.
frontiers in microbiology, 2021
The current study reported a new keratinolytic bacterium, which was characterized as Bacillus par... more The current study reported a new keratinolytic bacterium, which was characterized as Bacillus paramycoides and identified by 16S rRNA, and the sequence was then deposited in the GenBank (MW876249). The bacterium was able to degrade the insoluble chicken feather keratin (CFK) into amino acids (AA) through the keratinase system. The statistical optimization of the biodegradation process into AA was performed based on the Plackett-Burman design and rotatable central composite design (RCCD) on a simple solid-state fermentation medium. The optimum conditions were temperature, 37 • C, 0.547 mg KH 2 PO 4 , 1.438 mg NH 4 Cl, and 11.61 days of incubation. Innovatively, the degradation of the CFK process was modeled using the artificial neural network (ANN), which was better than RCCD in modeling the biodegradation process. Differentiation of the AA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of 14 AA including essential and nonessential ones; proline and aspartic acids were the most dominant. The toxicity test of AA on the HepG2 cell line did not show any negative effect either on the cell line or on the morphological alteration. B. paramycoides ZW-5 is a new eco-friendly tool for CFK degradation that could be optimized by ANN. However, additional nutritional trials are encouraged on animal models.
Fire blight is the most thoughtful diseases that effects great damage of pome fruits trees partic... more Fire blight is the most thoughtful diseases that effects great damage of pome fruits trees particularly pears in Egypt and over world. The causal agent of fire blight is Erwinia amylovora, the Gram-negative bacteria, a disturbing disease troubling species of the family Rosaceae. In this study two extracts were applied which were Hibiscus extract and pomegranate peel extract. Also, Nano cu, oxolinic acid (starner 20%) were evaluated on susceptible pear cultivar (Le-conte pear trees budded on Pyrus communis) and compared with the outcome of streptomycin as standard antibiotic in green house and under field conditions. Under greenhouse disease symptoms and severity of inoculated pear seedlings and treated with plant extracts, nano copper (cu), starner and strepto-mycin showed significant inhibition and decrease as compared with the control infected only. Under field conditions and natural infection, as a result of using with hibiscus extract, pomegranate peel, nano cop-per(cu), starner and streptomycin, disease severity, disease symptoms and electrolyte leakage % were decreased significantly. Consequently, that the vege-tative growth such as chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosynthesis, shoot length and diameter were significantly increased with all treatments. Fruit set, yield and quality were improved compared to the control.
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2020
Pear fire blight bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora as biotic stress is one of the mos... more Pear fire blight bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora as biotic stress is one of the most serious diseases that cause great loss of pear crop in Egypt and over world. E. amylovora pathogen was isolated from pear infected plants and molecularly characterized by PCR using specific primer. Koch's postulates applied to assure the pear fire blight disease that causes high defects in the trees growth and yield. The treatments which used in this research to control the disease were Bacillus subtilis as abio-agent, Huwa San 25 commercial product of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), oxolinic acid (Starner 20%) and antibiotic streptomycin. In vitro bio-agent such as Bacillus subtilis was able to inhibit the bacterial growth of E. amylovora. However , H 2 O 2 did not inhibit the bacterial growth as compared to the starner and streptomycin which showed significant inhibition. Under greenhouse disease symptoms and severity of inoculated pear seedlings and treated with B. subtilis, H 2 O 2 , starner and streptomycin showed significant inhibition and decrease as compared with the control infected only. Under field conditions and natural infection, as a result of application with B. subtilis, H 2 O 2 , starner and streptomycin, disease severity, disease symptoms and electrolyte leakage % were decreased significantly. Interestingly that the vegetative growth such as shoot length and diameter were significantly increased with all treatments. Fruit set, yield and quality were improved compared to the control. At the open field, the application of H 2 O 2 gave the best results for the most characteristics followed by Bacillus subtilis, starner and strepto-mycin respectively.
J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., 2018
This study aims at the investigation of using magnetic water (MW) to manage brown rot disease of... more This study aims at the investigation of using magnetic water (MW) to manage brown rot disease of potato. The effect of magnetic field (MF) on the viability of Ralstonia solanacearum (the bacterial causal pathogen of this disease) was investigated by passing the suspension of R. solanacearum through a magnetic liquid modifier tube. The viable count of the bacterial pathogen increased with the increasing of the incubation time (1, 2, 3 and 4 h) as well as with increasing the number of passes through the magnetic tube. In the pots experiment (carried out at Tag El-Ezz Agricultural Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt - during the period of 17 February to 12 May 2016), the irrigation with MW led to significant increases in total phenols, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, while non-significant increase in carotenoids was observed. Significant increase in plant height after 50 and 70 days of planting and decreasing in disease rating were noticed. The viable count of R. solanacearum in rhizosphere of the plant irrigated with MW was significantly decreased after 70 days and insignificantly decreased after 108 days of planting when compared with the plants irrigated with tap water (TW). The irrigation with MW led to significant increase in potato yield (25.64 %) and a significant decrease in the percentage of infected tubers (40.22 %) in comparing with the plants irrigated with TW. These studies encourage more studies for the use of MW to manage brown rot disease of potato as well as other plant diseases.
J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., 2018
The hazard of chemical pesticides on the environment is a worldwide problem. Finding ecofriendly ... more The hazard of chemical pesticides on the environment is a worldwide problem. Finding ecofriendly alternatives to chemical pesticides is a recent trend in agricultural research, one of the best choices is essential oils (EOs). This study aims to manage brown rot disease of potato using EOs. In vitro, Seven of 16 EOs inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined on R. solanacearum growth, tamarind and vanilla EOs had the lowest MIC (1%). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components of tamarind EO (TEO) and vanilla EO (VEO) are propylene glycol (50.97 %) and vanillin (40.78 %), respectively. TEO had a stronger bactericidal effect than VEO when R. solanacearum incubated in a solution of MIC of both EOs. In the pots experiment, soaking potato slices (spunta cultivar) in 1% of each of TEO and VEO for 30 minutes significantly improved peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as, increased the plant height after 70 days of planting in comparison with the control treatment. Both EOs significantly decreased the disease rating from 4.2 in control treatment to 1.6 (TEO) and 2.2 (VEO). In addition to marked increments up to 36.11% (TEO) and 32.52% (VEO) in fresh tubers weight. After 60 days of tubers storage at room temperature, the two EOs decreased the infected tubers by 69.05% (TEO) and 47.17% (VEO). Generally, TEO showed better results than VEO. The growth inhibition of R. solanacearum and enhancement of physiological characters and yield of potato, encouraging the use of these two uncommon EOs as effective tools to manage brown rot disease of potato.
Abstract: Background and Objective: Potato, the fourth important commercial crop in the world, is... more Abstract: Background and Objective: Potato, the fourth important commercial crop in the world, is infected by brown rot disease, which is one of the most important bacterial plant disease worldwide. The present investigation aimed to study the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Ralstonia solanacearum and potato plant resistance to control bacterial wilt disease of potato. Methodology: The ability of S. cerevisiae to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro was investigated. In pots experiment, potato slices were soaked in the three different treatments of S. cerevisiae (whole culture, cell-free extract and yeast cells), then cultivated in soil infested with R. solanacearum. The disease rating was recorded. Different systemic induced resistance parameters were estimated. The increase of the weight of tubers and the decrease of the percentage of infected tubers were calculated. The total count of bacteria, fungi and yeast of soil microflora of potato plant rhizosphere were enumerated. The one-way randomized blocks design was applied in pots experiment. Data were analyzed with the statistical analysis software packages CoStat. Results: The S. cerevisiae did not inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. It was found to produce indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid and cytokinin in the amounts of 81.57, 464.56 and 4.37 μg mL–1, respectively. In pots experiment, the three studied treatments of S. cerevisiae significantly increased (p<0.05) the plant height and decreased the disease rating. The total phenols, flavonoids, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, ABTS, DPPH, reducing power and gibberellic acid were significantly increased (p<0.05) as a response to the three studied treatments after 40 and 70 days of planting. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity, starch content were significantly increased (p<0.05). While sugar contents of potato tubers were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The rhizosphere microflora showed various responses. Conclusion: It was concluded that the cell-free extract was the best treatment that could be recommended as a safe and economic bio-agent for the management of bacterial wilt disease of potato.
Journal of Productivity and Development, 2016
Brown rot of potato is a worldwide disease that causes huge agricultural and economical losses. U... more Brown rot of potato is a worldwide disease that causes huge agricultural and economical losses. Using synthetic chemicals like antimicrobial pesticide may have adverse effects on consumers and on the environment. The recent trend of control plant disease is the application of eco-friendly tools to control disease. In the present investigation, streptomycin, Pleurotus columbinus spent wheat straw (PCSWS), wheat straw (WS), three bacterial species (Bacillus subtillus, B. polymyxa and Pseudomonas fluorescens), plant essential oils of anethole, mustard, caraway and neem were tested to control brown rot disease of potato cv. Spunta in Baramoon Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt under field conditions, during the two winter seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. The vegetative growth parameters, tuber yield, tuber grading, tuber dry matter, specific gravity and infected tubers were investigated. PCSWS led to significant increase in all studied criteria, compared to check or other treatments. Furthermore, PCSWS or caraway oil gave the best results in reduction of infected tubers in vitro. The direct antibacterial effect of studied treatments against the causal pathogen of brown rot of potato; Ralstonia solanacerum. Only streptomycin, anethole and caraway oil affected the growth of R. solanacearum. Pots experiment was carried out to study the ability of the tested treatments to induce systemic resistance (ISR). Conclusively, PCSWS, Bacillus subtillus, caraway and neem oils significantly increased the production of total phenols, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, respectively, which enhanced potato plant health, increased chlorophylls and plant height as well as, decreased disease rating that increased tuber weight after 70 days of planting leading to increase in potato yield and decrease in percentage of infected tubers
Plant Pathology Journal, 2008
This investigation is a trial to biocontrol of brown rot disease of potato by basidiomycetes, whe... more This investigation is a trial to biocontrol of brown rot disease of potato by basidiomycetes, wheat straw and spent mushroom straw. Bird`s nest Cyathus stercoreus is firstly recorded in Egypt. It was found growing on manured soil at New Damietta. It is identified and isolated from its fruit body. Eight basidiomycetes including C. stercoreus were tested to antagonize Ralstonia solanacearum (causal agent of brawn rot disease of potato) in vitro. All of these fungi inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum and the largest inhibition zones were recorded with Cyathus stercoreus Egyptian strain and Agaricus campester Egyptian strain. Extract from the Cyathus stercoreus mycelia was studied using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The study suggested that the polysaccharide of this fungus has the antibacterial activity. C. stercoreus was selected to green house study. Water extract filtrate of raw wheat straw (wers) and of spent mushroom straw (wess) of three Pleurotus sp. were tested to inhibit R. solanacearum growth by applying disc-filter paper method. RSE filtrate and all the other three filtrates inhibited R. solanacearum growth. Water extract of Pleurotus columbinus spent wheat straw (wess) had the largest inhibition zone, so, it was selected to further study. In greenhouse experiment, the previous selected factors were used to estimate their ability to biocontrol R. solanacearum. The reported results revealed that the mycelial suspension of C. stercoreus (Css) had the best effect in reduction of the disease, plant health and plant production. Consequently, this is the first report of using C. stercoreus in biological control of plant diseases. Using of spent straw and raw straw powders and their water extracts had good results in controlling the disease and plant productivity.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Application , 2014
The effects of gamma irradiation on lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear and some physic... more The effects of gamma irradiation on lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear and some physico-chemical parameters of pear fruits were studied in this investigation as a prestorage treatment for extend shelf life of pear fruits. Pear fruits (Pyrus Communis, L.) were exposed to different gamma irradiation doses 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 KGy and stored for 10, 20 and 30 days in 0C and 85-90% RH. The increment of irradiant dose caused decrement of lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear. The narrowest diameters were recorded with 3.0 KGy irradiation dose. The low dose of gamma irradiation 0.5 KGy gave a relatively high value of firmness although in higher doses firmness of pear fruits decreased. The highest loss weight was found in unirradiated fruits while the loss of weight in all irradiated fruits was still lower than those of unirradiated ones and low radiation doses decreased the loss of weight. Total soluble solid increased with increasing in storage periods with respect to gamma irradiation effect there was fluctuation in total soluble solid values. There was a decreasing in acidity during storage of irradiated and un-irradiated fruits. Free amino acid and soluble protein show a slight increasing at 0.5 KGy such increasing was followed by a gradual decrease in higher gamma irradiation doses.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Application , 2014
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of physical and chemical methods to extend th... more This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of physical and chemical methods to extend the shelf life of apple fruits by control the blue mold disease causing by Penicillium expansum. Apple fruits are subjected to different temperatures between 38, and 50C for 24 hr. and stored at 0C for 4 months. Increasing in temperature caused decreasing in firmness and blue mold incidence percentage (%) caused by P. expansum. At 50C the treated apple fruits gave sharp softness and inhibition of blue mold incidence (%) caused by P. expansum exposing for 4 days and cold storage at 0C for 4 months and 5 days at 20C. Dipping apple fruits in CaCl2 at 2% and 4% decreased blue mold incidence (%) caused by P. expansum and increased apple fruits firmness at 2 and 4 months storage periods. Also, CaCl2 treatments gave insignificant change in total soluble solid (TSS%) and in titratable acidity (TA%) of apple fruits. Gamma irradiation doses above 1 kGy significantly decreased firmness of apple fruits with the decrement being higher at higher doses.
Plant Pathology Journal, 2015
A B S T R A C T The antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Agrobacterium tumifaciens... more A B S T R A C T The antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Agrobacterium tumifaciens was investigated in this study. The in vitro antibacterial effect of chitosan against A. tumifaciens was affected by chitosan concentrations, pH value, concentration of acetic acid used to dissolve chitosan and incubation time. Chitosan concentrations 2.5 mg mLG 1 and 5 mg mLG 1 exhibited strong antibacterial activity at the pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The gall diameter and gall weight of tomato seedlings at dipping time 10 and 20 min was significantly reduced by chitosan concentrations 2.5 and 5 mg mLG 1 at pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The viable bacterial counts after 8 h of incubation in chitosan concentration 5 mg mLG 1 at pH 5.6 was 0.0 log CFU mLG 1 .
Scientific Reports, 2023
In comparison to physicochemical and chemical methods, microbial dye biosorption is regarded as a... more In comparison to physicochemical and chemical methods, microbial dye biosorption is regarded as an eco-effective and economically viable alternative and is a widely applied method due to its high efficiency and compatibility with the environment. Therefore, the idea of this study is to clarify to what extent the viable cells and the dry biomass of Pseudomonas alcaliphila NEWG-2 can improve the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from a synthetic wastewater sample. The array of Taguchi paradigm has been conducted to ascertain five variables affecting the biosorption of MB by broth forms of P. alcaliphila NEWG. The data of MB biosorption were familiar to the predicted ones, indicating the precision of the Taguchi model's prediction. The maximum biosorption of MB (87.14%) was achieved at pH 8, after 60 h, in a medium containing 15 mg/ml MB, 2.5% glucose, and 2% peptone, with sorting the highest signal-to-noise ratio (38.80). FTIR spectra detected various functional groups (primary alcohol, α, β-unsaturated ester, symmetric NH 2 bending, and strong CO stretching) on the bacterial cell wall that participated in the biosorption of MB. Furthermore, the spectacular MB biosorption ability was validated by equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies (the dry biomass form), which were derived from the Langmuir model (q max = 68.827 mg/g). The equilibrium time was achieved in about 60 min, with 70.5% of MB removal. The biosorption kinetic profile might be adequately represented by pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The changes in the bacterial cells before and after the biosorption of MB were characterized using a scanning electron microscope. As realized from the aforementioned data, the bacterium is a talented, effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost bio-sorbent for the decolorization and remedy of an industrial effluent containing MB from an aqueous environment. The current outcomes in the biosorption of MB molecules promote the use of the bacterial strain as viable cells and/or dry biomass in ecosystem restoration, environmental cleanup, and bioremediation studies. Dye-polluted water is a major problem, and it is not informal to imagine red, blue, or brown colors among the parameters of water quality judgment. The environmental pollution caused by dyes results in aesthetic problems and severe public health concerns, tallying to several serious environmental issues, due to their residence in nature, and being deprived of biodegradability features. There are approximately more than 10.000 different commercially available dyes, with annual productivity of 7 × 10 5 tons worldwide 1. The pollution with dye is highly noticeable, even in low concentrations ˂ 1 ppm, which is detrimental, carcinogenic, and harmful to aquatic life and the food chain. Moreover, the dyes are usually stable to light, oxidizing agents, and tolerant to aerobic deprivation, with worries about degradability 2. Recently, dyes, on the other hand, have an exciting comprehensive genuine concern, owing to their toxic effect on the ecosystem. Methylene blue (MB), is one of these dyes, which
microorganisms, 2023
The beneficial microorganisms represent a new and hopeful solution for a sustainable environment ... more The beneficial microorganisms represent a new and hopeful solution for a sustainable environment and development. In this investigation, Trichoderma asperellum ZNW, isolated from seeds, was domiciliated within the pea plant for improving growth, disease management, and enhancement of productivity. Globisporangium ultimum NZW was isolated from deformed pea seeds, representing the first record of the pathogen caused by pea damping-off. Both fungi were molecularly identified. T. asperellum ZNW produced several lytic enzymes and bioactive metabolites as detected by GC-MC. The SEM illustrated the mycoparasitic behavior of T. asperellum ZNW on G. ultimum NZW mycelia. In the pot experiment, T. asperellum domiciliated the root and grew as an endophytic fungus, leading to root vessel lignification. Under soil infection, T. asperellum reduced damping-off, by enhancing peroxidase, polyphenol, total phenols, and photosynthetic pigments content. The vegetative growth, yield, and soil dehydrogenase activity were improved, with an enhancement in the numerical diversity of the microbial rhizosphere. This work may enable more understanding of the plant-fungal interaction, yet, working on domiciliation is recommended as a new approach to plant protection and growth promotion under various ecological setups.
Scientific Reports, 2022
The present investigation has been designed by Taguchi and hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)... more The present investigation has been designed by Taguchi and hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) paradigms to improve and optimize the binary sorption of Cobalt(II) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution, depending on modifying physicochemical conditions to generate an appropriate constitution for a highly efficient biosorption by the alga; Sargassum latifolium. Concerning Taguchi's design, the predicted values of the two responses were comparable to actual ones. The biosorption of Cobalt(II) ions was more efficient than MB, the supreme biosorption of Cobalt(II) was verified in run L21 (93.28%), with the highest S/N ratio being 39.40. The highest biosorption of MB was reached in run L22 (74.04%), with a S/N ratio of 37.39. The R2 and adjusted R2 were in reasonable values, indicating the validity of the model. The hybrid ANN model has exclusively emerged herein to optimize the biosorption of both Cobalt(II) and MB simultaneously, therefore, the ANN model was better than the Taguchi design. The predicted values of Cobalt(II) and MB biosorption were more obedience to the ANN model. The SEM analysis of the surface of S. latifolium showed mosaic form with massive particles, as crosslinking of biomolecules of the algal surface in the presence of Cobalt(II) and MB. Viewing FTIR analysis showed active groups e.g., hydroxyl, α, β-unsaturated ester, α, β-unsaturated ketone, N–O, and aromatic amine. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports deeming the binary sorption of Cobalt(II) and MB ions by S. latifolium during Taguchi orthogonal arrays and hybrid ANN.
Microorganisms, 2022
Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the globally significant plant pathogens that infect a wide host... more Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the globally significant plant pathogens that infect a wide host range of economically important plants. A study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that an avirulent strain of R. solanacearum can act as a biocontrol mediator for managing potato bacterial wilt. Virulent R. solanacearum was isolated and identified (GenBank accession number; OP180100). The avirulent strain was obtained from the virulent strain through storage for 3 weeks until the development of deep red colonies. The virulent strain had higher lytic activity than the avirulent strain. Tubers' treatments by the avirulent strain of R. solanacearum, (supernatant, boiled supernatant, and dead cells) significantly reduced plant disease rating and increased the growth, physiological activities, and biomass of potato compared to the untreated, infected control. The major components detected by GC-MS in the supernatant revealed 10.86% palmitic acid (virulent), and 18.03% 1,3-dioxolane, 2,4,5-trimethyl-(avirulent), whereas the major component in the boiled supernatant was 2-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone in the virulent (21.17%) and avirulent (27.78%) strains. This is the first research that assessed the influence of boiled supernatant and dead cells of virulent and avirulent R. solanacearum strains in controlling bacterial wilt disease. Additional work is encouraged for further elucidation of such a topic.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022
The definitive screening design (DSD) and artificial neural network (ANN) were conducted for mode... more The definitive screening design (DSD) and artificial neural network (ANN) were conducted for modeling the biosorption of Co(II) by Pseudomonas alcaliphila NEWG-2. Factors such as peptone, incubation time, pH, glycerol, glucose, K 2 HPO 4 , and initial cobalt had a significant effect on the biosorption process. MgSO 4 was the only insignificant factor. The DSD model was invalid and could not forecast the prediction of Co(II) removal, owing to the significant lack-of-fit (P < 0.0001). Decisively, the prediction ability of ANN was accurate with a prominent response for training (R 2 = 0.9779) and validation (R 2 = 0.9773) and lower errors. Applying the optimal levels of the tested variables obtained by the ANN model led to 96.32 ± 2.1% of cobalt bioremoval. During the biosorption process, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the sorption of Co(II) ions by P. alcaliphila. FTIR indicated the appearance of a new stretching vibration band formed with Co(II) ions at wavenumbers of 562, 530, and 531 cm −1. The symmetric amino (NH 2) binding was also formed due to Co(II) sorption. Interestingly, throughout the revision of publications so far, no attempt has been conducted to optimize the biosorption of Co(II) by P. alcaliphila via DSD or ANN paradigm.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 2017
This investigation aims to apply a safe practice to minimize potato losses due to soft rot diseas... more This investigation aims to apply a safe practice to minimize potato losses due to soft rot disease of tubers kept under ambient temperature. In this regard, gamma irradiation was used to extend keeping quality through its effect on soft rot bacteria. Eight bacterial isolates were recovered on Logan's medium from kitchen kept tubers with symptoms of soft rot disease. Five isolates were found pathogenic and tentatively identified as Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on the basis of the usual bacteriological methods. A molecular method using 16SrDNA sequence analysis for verification of the identity of two isolates was made. The two bacterial isolates, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, were irradiated by different doses of gamma rays. Complete inhibition occurred at doses 2.5 and 2.0 KGy for high densities (Approximately 4.0 x10 9 CFU/ml) of P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, respectively. The D10 value of gamma irradiation was 0.24 KGy for P. atrosepticum and 0.20 KGy for P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. Irradiation of artificially infected tubers with soft rot bacteria using the two mentioned D10 doses for the two bacterial species increased the shelf life of tubers kept under ambient temperature. The internal chemical quality of tubers was shown to be improved by keeping the tubers under ambient temperature after irradiation by the two D10 doses 0.24 and 0.20 KGy.
Plant residuals comprise the natural habitat of the plant pathogen; therefore, attention is curre... more Plant residuals comprise the natural habitat of the plant pathogen; therefore, attention is currently focusing on biological-based bioprocessing of biomass residuals into benefit substances. The current study focused on the biodegradation of peanut plant residual (PNR) into citric acid (CA) through a mathematical modeling strategy. Novel endophytic Trichoderma longibrachiatum WKA55 (GenBank accession number: MZ014020.1), having lytic (cellulase, protease, and polygalacturonase) activity, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization ability were isolated from peanut seeds and used during the fermentation process. As reported by HPLC, the maximum CA (5505.1 μg/g PNR) was obtained after 9 days in the presence of 15.49 mg TCP, and 15.68 mg glucose. GC-MS analysis showed other bioactive metabolites in the filtrate of the fermented PNR. Practically, the crude product (40%) fully inhibited (100%) the growth and spore germination of three mycotoxinogenic fungi. On peanuts, it improved the seed germination (91%), seedling features, and vigor index (70.45%) with a reduction of abnormal seedlings (9.33%). The current study presents the fundamentals for large-scale production in the industry for the sustainable development of PNR biomass as a natural source of bioactive metabolites, and safe consumption of lignocellulosic-proteinaceous biomass, as well. T. longibrachiatum WKA55 was also introduced as a novel CA producer specified on PNR. Application of the resulting metabolite is encouraged on a large scale.
frontiers in microbiology, 2021
The current study reported a new keratinolytic bacterium, which was characterized as Bacillus par... more The current study reported a new keratinolytic bacterium, which was characterized as Bacillus paramycoides and identified by 16S rRNA, and the sequence was then deposited in the GenBank (MW876249). The bacterium was able to degrade the insoluble chicken feather keratin (CFK) into amino acids (AA) through the keratinase system. The statistical optimization of the biodegradation process into AA was performed based on the Plackett-Burman design and rotatable central composite design (RCCD) on a simple solid-state fermentation medium. The optimum conditions were temperature, 37 • C, 0.547 mg KH 2 PO 4 , 1.438 mg NH 4 Cl, and 11.61 days of incubation. Innovatively, the degradation of the CFK process was modeled using the artificial neural network (ANN), which was better than RCCD in modeling the biodegradation process. Differentiation of the AA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of 14 AA including essential and nonessential ones; proline and aspartic acids were the most dominant. The toxicity test of AA on the HepG2 cell line did not show any negative effect either on the cell line or on the morphological alteration. B. paramycoides ZW-5 is a new eco-friendly tool for CFK degradation that could be optimized by ANN. However, additional nutritional trials are encouraged on animal models.
Fire blight is the most thoughtful diseases that effects great damage of pome fruits trees partic... more Fire blight is the most thoughtful diseases that effects great damage of pome fruits trees particularly pears in Egypt and over world. The causal agent of fire blight is Erwinia amylovora, the Gram-negative bacteria, a disturbing disease troubling species of the family Rosaceae. In this study two extracts were applied which were Hibiscus extract and pomegranate peel extract. Also, Nano cu, oxolinic acid (starner 20%) were evaluated on susceptible pear cultivar (Le-conte pear trees budded on Pyrus communis) and compared with the outcome of streptomycin as standard antibiotic in green house and under field conditions. Under greenhouse disease symptoms and severity of inoculated pear seedlings and treated with plant extracts, nano copper (cu), starner and strepto-mycin showed significant inhibition and decrease as compared with the control infected only. Under field conditions and natural infection, as a result of using with hibiscus extract, pomegranate peel, nano cop-per(cu), starner and streptomycin, disease severity, disease symptoms and electrolyte leakage % were decreased significantly. Consequently, that the vege-tative growth such as chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosynthesis, shoot length and diameter were significantly increased with all treatments. Fruit set, yield and quality were improved compared to the control.
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2020
Pear fire blight bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora as biotic stress is one of the mos... more Pear fire blight bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora as biotic stress is one of the most serious diseases that cause great loss of pear crop in Egypt and over world. E. amylovora pathogen was isolated from pear infected plants and molecularly characterized by PCR using specific primer. Koch's postulates applied to assure the pear fire blight disease that causes high defects in the trees growth and yield. The treatments which used in this research to control the disease were Bacillus subtilis as abio-agent, Huwa San 25 commercial product of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), oxolinic acid (Starner 20%) and antibiotic streptomycin. In vitro bio-agent such as Bacillus subtilis was able to inhibit the bacterial growth of E. amylovora. However , H 2 O 2 did not inhibit the bacterial growth as compared to the starner and streptomycin which showed significant inhibition. Under greenhouse disease symptoms and severity of inoculated pear seedlings and treated with B. subtilis, H 2 O 2 , starner and streptomycin showed significant inhibition and decrease as compared with the control infected only. Under field conditions and natural infection, as a result of application with B. subtilis, H 2 O 2 , starner and streptomycin, disease severity, disease symptoms and electrolyte leakage % were decreased significantly. Interestingly that the vegetative growth such as shoot length and diameter were significantly increased with all treatments. Fruit set, yield and quality were improved compared to the control. At the open field, the application of H 2 O 2 gave the best results for the most characteristics followed by Bacillus subtilis, starner and strepto-mycin respectively.
J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., 2018
This study aims at the investigation of using magnetic water (MW) to manage brown rot disease of... more This study aims at the investigation of using magnetic water (MW) to manage brown rot disease of potato. The effect of magnetic field (MF) on the viability of Ralstonia solanacearum (the bacterial causal pathogen of this disease) was investigated by passing the suspension of R. solanacearum through a magnetic liquid modifier tube. The viable count of the bacterial pathogen increased with the increasing of the incubation time (1, 2, 3 and 4 h) as well as with increasing the number of passes through the magnetic tube. In the pots experiment (carried out at Tag El-Ezz Agricultural Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt - during the period of 17 February to 12 May 2016), the irrigation with MW led to significant increases in total phenols, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, while non-significant increase in carotenoids was observed. Significant increase in plant height after 50 and 70 days of planting and decreasing in disease rating were noticed. The viable count of R. solanacearum in rhizosphere of the plant irrigated with MW was significantly decreased after 70 days and insignificantly decreased after 108 days of planting when compared with the plants irrigated with tap water (TW). The irrigation with MW led to significant increase in potato yield (25.64 %) and a significant decrease in the percentage of infected tubers (40.22 %) in comparing with the plants irrigated with TW. These studies encourage more studies for the use of MW to manage brown rot disease of potato as well as other plant diseases.
J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., 2018
The hazard of chemical pesticides on the environment is a worldwide problem. Finding ecofriendly ... more The hazard of chemical pesticides on the environment is a worldwide problem. Finding ecofriendly alternatives to chemical pesticides is a recent trend in agricultural research, one of the best choices is essential oils (EOs). This study aims to manage brown rot disease of potato using EOs. In vitro, Seven of 16 EOs inhibited Ralstonia solanacearum. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined on R. solanacearum growth, tamarind and vanilla EOs had the lowest MIC (1%). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components of tamarind EO (TEO) and vanilla EO (VEO) are propylene glycol (50.97 %) and vanillin (40.78 %), respectively. TEO had a stronger bactericidal effect than VEO when R. solanacearum incubated in a solution of MIC of both EOs. In the pots experiment, soaking potato slices (spunta cultivar) in 1% of each of TEO and VEO for 30 minutes significantly improved peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, chlorophylls and carotenoids, as well as, increased the plant height after 70 days of planting in comparison with the control treatment. Both EOs significantly decreased the disease rating from 4.2 in control treatment to 1.6 (TEO) and 2.2 (VEO). In addition to marked increments up to 36.11% (TEO) and 32.52% (VEO) in fresh tubers weight. After 60 days of tubers storage at room temperature, the two EOs decreased the infected tubers by 69.05% (TEO) and 47.17% (VEO). Generally, TEO showed better results than VEO. The growth inhibition of R. solanacearum and enhancement of physiological characters and yield of potato, encouraging the use of these two uncommon EOs as effective tools to manage brown rot disease of potato.
Abstract: Background and Objective: Potato, the fourth important commercial crop in the world, is... more Abstract: Background and Objective: Potato, the fourth important commercial crop in the world, is infected by brown rot disease, which is one of the most important bacterial plant disease worldwide. The present investigation aimed to study the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Ralstonia solanacearum and potato plant resistance to control bacterial wilt disease of potato. Methodology: The ability of S. cerevisiae to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro was investigated. In pots experiment, potato slices were soaked in the three different treatments of S. cerevisiae (whole culture, cell-free extract and yeast cells), then cultivated in soil infested with R. solanacearum. The disease rating was recorded. Different systemic induced resistance parameters were estimated. The increase of the weight of tubers and the decrease of the percentage of infected tubers were calculated. The total count of bacteria, fungi and yeast of soil microflora of potato plant rhizosphere were enumerated. The one-way randomized blocks design was applied in pots experiment. Data were analyzed with the statistical analysis software packages CoStat. Results: The S. cerevisiae did not inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. It was found to produce indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid and cytokinin in the amounts of 81.57, 464.56 and 4.37 μg mL–1, respectively. In pots experiment, the three studied treatments of S. cerevisiae significantly increased (p<0.05) the plant height and decreased the disease rating. The total phenols, flavonoids, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, ABTS, DPPH, reducing power and gibberellic acid were significantly increased (p<0.05) as a response to the three studied treatments after 40 and 70 days of planting. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity, starch content were significantly increased (p<0.05). While sugar contents of potato tubers were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The rhizosphere microflora showed various responses. Conclusion: It was concluded that the cell-free extract was the best treatment that could be recommended as a safe and economic bio-agent for the management of bacterial wilt disease of potato.
Journal of Productivity and Development, 2016
Brown rot of potato is a worldwide disease that causes huge agricultural and economical losses. U... more Brown rot of potato is a worldwide disease that causes huge agricultural and economical losses. Using synthetic chemicals like antimicrobial pesticide may have adverse effects on consumers and on the environment. The recent trend of control plant disease is the application of eco-friendly tools to control disease. In the present investigation, streptomycin, Pleurotus columbinus spent wheat straw (PCSWS), wheat straw (WS), three bacterial species (Bacillus subtillus, B. polymyxa and Pseudomonas fluorescens), plant essential oils of anethole, mustard, caraway and neem were tested to control brown rot disease of potato cv. Spunta in Baramoon Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt under field conditions, during the two winter seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. The vegetative growth parameters, tuber yield, tuber grading, tuber dry matter, specific gravity and infected tubers were investigated. PCSWS led to significant increase in all studied criteria, compared to check or other treatments. Furthermore, PCSWS or caraway oil gave the best results in reduction of infected tubers in vitro. The direct antibacterial effect of studied treatments against the causal pathogen of brown rot of potato; Ralstonia solanacerum. Only streptomycin, anethole and caraway oil affected the growth of R. solanacearum. Pots experiment was carried out to study the ability of the tested treatments to induce systemic resistance (ISR). Conclusively, PCSWS, Bacillus subtillus, caraway and neem oils significantly increased the production of total phenols, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, respectively, which enhanced potato plant health, increased chlorophylls and plant height as well as, decreased disease rating that increased tuber weight after 70 days of planting leading to increase in potato yield and decrease in percentage of infected tubers
Plant Pathology Journal, 2008
This investigation is a trial to biocontrol of brown rot disease of potato by basidiomycetes, whe... more This investigation is a trial to biocontrol of brown rot disease of potato by basidiomycetes, wheat straw and spent mushroom straw. Bird`s nest Cyathus stercoreus is firstly recorded in Egypt. It was found growing on manured soil at New Damietta. It is identified and isolated from its fruit body. Eight basidiomycetes including C. stercoreus were tested to antagonize Ralstonia solanacearum (causal agent of brawn rot disease of potato) in vitro. All of these fungi inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum and the largest inhibition zones were recorded with Cyathus stercoreus Egyptian strain and Agaricus campester Egyptian strain. Extract from the Cyathus stercoreus mycelia was studied using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopic analysis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The study suggested that the polysaccharide of this fungus has the antibacterial activity. C. stercoreus was selected to green house study. Water extract filtrate of raw wheat straw (wers) and of spent mushroom straw (wess) of three Pleurotus sp. were tested to inhibit R. solanacearum growth by applying disc-filter paper method. RSE filtrate and all the other three filtrates inhibited R. solanacearum growth. Water extract of Pleurotus columbinus spent wheat straw (wess) had the largest inhibition zone, so, it was selected to further study. In greenhouse experiment, the previous selected factors were used to estimate their ability to biocontrol R. solanacearum. The reported results revealed that the mycelial suspension of C. stercoreus (Css) had the best effect in reduction of the disease, plant health and plant production. Consequently, this is the first report of using C. stercoreus in biological control of plant diseases. Using of spent straw and raw straw powders and their water extracts had good results in controlling the disease and plant productivity.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Application , 2014
The effects of gamma irradiation on lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear and some physic... more The effects of gamma irradiation on lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear and some physico-chemical parameters of pear fruits were studied in this investigation as a prestorage treatment for extend shelf life of pear fruits. Pear fruits (Pyrus Communis, L.) were exposed to different gamma irradiation doses 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 KGy and stored for 10, 20 and 30 days in 0C and 85-90% RH. The increment of irradiant dose caused decrement of lesion diameters of grey mold disease of pear. The narrowest diameters were recorded with 3.0 KGy irradiation dose. The low dose of gamma irradiation 0.5 KGy gave a relatively high value of firmness although in higher doses firmness of pear fruits decreased. The highest loss weight was found in unirradiated fruits while the loss of weight in all irradiated fruits was still lower than those of unirradiated ones and low radiation doses decreased the loss of weight. Total soluble solid increased with increasing in storage periods with respect to gamma irradiation effect there was fluctuation in total soluble solid values. There was a decreasing in acidity during storage of irradiated and un-irradiated fruits. Free amino acid and soluble protein show a slight increasing at 0.5 KGy such increasing was followed by a gradual decrease in higher gamma irradiation doses.
Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Application , 2014
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of physical and chemical methods to extend th... more This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of physical and chemical methods to extend the shelf life of apple fruits by control the blue mold disease causing by Penicillium expansum. Apple fruits are subjected to different temperatures between 38, and 50C for 24 hr. and stored at 0C for 4 months. Increasing in temperature caused decreasing in firmness and blue mold incidence percentage (%) caused by P. expansum. At 50C the treated apple fruits gave sharp softness and inhibition of blue mold incidence (%) caused by P. expansum exposing for 4 days and cold storage at 0C for 4 months and 5 days at 20C. Dipping apple fruits in CaCl2 at 2% and 4% decreased blue mold incidence (%) caused by P. expansum and increased apple fruits firmness at 2 and 4 months storage periods. Also, CaCl2 treatments gave insignificant change in total soluble solid (TSS%) and in titratable acidity (TA%) of apple fruits. Gamma irradiation doses above 1 kGy significantly decreased firmness of apple fruits with the decrement being higher at higher doses.
Plant Pathology Journal, 2015
A B S T R A C T The antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Agrobacterium tumifaciens... more A B S T R A C T The antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Agrobacterium tumifaciens was investigated in this study. The in vitro antibacterial effect of chitosan against A. tumifaciens was affected by chitosan concentrations, pH value, concentration of acetic acid used to dissolve chitosan and incubation time. Chitosan concentrations 2.5 mg mLG 1 and 5 mg mLG 1 exhibited strong antibacterial activity at the pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The gall diameter and gall weight of tomato seedlings at dipping time 10 and 20 min was significantly reduced by chitosan concentrations 2.5 and 5 mg mLG 1 at pH 6.6 and 5.6, respectively. The viable bacterial counts after 8 h of incubation in chitosan concentration 5 mg mLG 1 at pH 5.6 was 0.0 log CFU mLG 1 .