Mikhail Zhilin | Institute of Archaeology Russian Academy of Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Mikhail Zhilin

Ufimskij arheologičeskij vestnik, 2024

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, May 27, 2024

Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i ètnografii, Mar 15, 2024

Утвержден к печати Ученым советом ФИЦ Тюменского научного центра СО РАН Сетевое издание «Вестник ... more Утвержден к печати Ученым советом ФИЦ Тюменского научного центра СО РАН Сетевое издание «Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии» зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций; регистрационный номер: серия Эл № ФС77-82071 от 05 октября 2021 г.

Camera Praehistorica, 2020

М. Г. Ж и л и н л. л. Ко с и нс К а я о. В. Р ы Ж Ко Ва стоянка Береговая II расположена в средне... more М. Г. Ж и л и н л. л. Ко с и нс К а я о. В. Р ы Ж Ко Ва стоянка Береговая II расположена в среднем Зауралье, на мысу коренного берега Горбуновского торфяника. Ее исследования начались в 1944 г. К настоящему времени раскопано 152 м 2 в верхней (мысовой) части памятника и 172 м 2-в прибрежной заторфованной части у подножия мыса. Полученный материал относится к нескольким археологическим эпохам, от мезолита до раннего железного века включительно. В данной статье на основе анализа стратиграфии и планиграфии раскопанного в 1991-1992 гг. верхнего участка стоянки, типологического и технологического анализа, сопоставления материалов мысовой и прибрежной частей выделены ранненеолитический каменный инвентарь и керамика, охарактеризованы костяные изделия из заторфованной части. Установлено совместное залегание разных типов керамики в слое, датированном концом 7-го тыс. до н. э., в связи с чем рассмотрены некоторые проблемы неолита Зауралья. Предпринята попытка реконструкции особенностей использования и назначения разных частей стоянки Береговая II в неолите.

The Oldowan is the earliest archaeological period. Emerging as a culture around 2,6 million years... more The Oldowan is the earliest archaeological period. Emerging as a culture around 2,6 million years ago in Eastern Africa, it spread across Africa and Eurasia. The discovery of Oldowan sites in Russia has pushed the date of the Stone Age in Russia to a much earlier period and has revised the findings from the studies related to this period. This paper contains a summary of the current state of the Oldowan studies and the level of knowledge of this tradition in the Old World providing an overview of available information.

Quaternary International, Mar 1, 2020

Excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites with good preservation of organic materials in the Trans... more Excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites with good preservation of organic materials in the Trans-Urals brought to light direct evidence of fishing including bones of freshwater fish, mainly perch and pike and various fishing tools. Harpoons and an intact fishing hook were found in the Early Mesolithic layer of Beregovaya 2 site. Middle Mesolithic layers yielded a harpoon and/or leister head, a fishing hook, and net sinkers made of pieces of stone bound across with a strip of bast. Number of fish bones increases in Late Mesolithic layer of Beregovaya II indicating greater importance of fishing at that time. A wooden paddle blade from this layer is a direct evidence of the use of boats. Nets were the main fishing tool while the role of fishing hooks, harpoons and leisters decreased, which is in good accordance with the composition of catches. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Research methods All fish remains come from excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites. Preservation of bones is good or excellent. Even smallest bones and scales are well preserved. Very thin slices of peat or gyttja were cut during excavations, and all bones including very small ones and fish scales were collected from the whole excavated area and from all layers. Water sieving of deposits from cultural layers added only a few small bones. The whole amount of fish bones from excavations was studied by Dr. E.A. Nekrasov, senior researcher of the Institute for the Evolution of Animals and Plants of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg. Standard methodology of species and dimensional definitions of fish similar to described by V. Radu and N. Desse-Berset (Radu and Desse-Berset, 2013) was employed, based on comparison with etalon collections of modern freshwater fish housed in the Institute. Pollen analysis of a core from Beregovaya 2 was carried out in 2010-2012 by Dr. N.K. Panova, senior researcher of the Botanic garden of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg; analysis of plant macroremains from the same core was carried out by Dr. T.G. Antipina, senior researcher of the same institute (Zaretskaya et al., 2014). Pollen analysis of a core from Beregovaya 1 was carried out in 2015-2016 by Dr. E.G. Lapteva, researcher of the Institute for the Evolution of Animals and Plants of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg; analysis of plant

Camera praehistorica, Jun 1, 2022

Broad knives made of elk scapula were widespread in the Mesolithic of the forest zone from the Ea... more Broad knives made of elk scapula were widespread in the Mesolithic of the forest zone from the Eastern Baltic to the Trans-Urals. Operation sequence of their manufacture was rather standard. The ridge of elk scapula was knocked off, and its surface was planed by carving, scraping or whittling, sometimes smoothed with an abrasive slab. One edge of a scapula was cut off and sharpened by longitudinal whittling with a flint knife. The joint was flattened or broken off. The distal end of some knives has a pair of perforations pierced through or rarely drilled. Use-wear analysis conducted by the author showed that broad knives made of elk scapula were used mainly for hide processing, and some were used for removing bark from tree trunks. Most of them are not decorated. Rare knives with ornamentation or abstract geometric engravings from sites Stanovoye 4 in the Volga-Oka interfluve and Veretye 1 in the Eastern Onega region according to traceological data were used in the same manner as undecorated ones. Engraving of ornamentation, and especially complicated geometric designs demanded substantial amount of time and labor. Such images are single and not repeated even among materials of one site and one culture. This indicates individualization of the world perception and its representation among separate members of Mesolithic communities. Evidently not only working characteristics of a tool were important for them, but also its appearance. Probably complicated abstract images engraved on broad knives had definite, possibly sacred meaning. But at the moment we cannot offer its reliable explanation.

Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Nov 1, 2014

Integrated studies on several peat-gyttja sections, including Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural l... more Integrated studies on several peat-gyttja sections, including Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural layers, were conducted for the Shigir and Gorbunovo peatlands of the Middle Urals. The results of plant mac rofossil and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the history of peat formation, vegetation, and climate changes during the Holocene. The radiocarbon dating of archaeological artifacts and enclosing sedimentary layers were used to reconstruct the stratigraphy and dynamics of peat formation and establish the chronology of inhabitation of this region in the changing paleoenvironmental conditions.

Lietuvos archeologija, 2016

The Vishtynetskaya 1 site on the NW shore of Lake Vistytis (Lith. Vištytis) was first excavated b... more The Vishtynetskaya 1 site on the NW shore of Lake Vistytis (Lith. Vištytis) was first excavated by Vladimir Ivanovich Timofeev in 1981. The mixed cultural layer produced finds from the Bronze Age, Neolithic, and Mesolithic. A 2012 excavation on top of the dune yielded a representative Mesolithic inventory without any Neolithic contamination. The flint assemblage contains types characteristic of the Janisławice (Rus. Yanislavitse) and Neman (Lith. Nemunas) cultures including trapezes, triangles, and retouched inserts, but no Wieliszew-type points typical of the Janisławice or tanged points typical of the Neman culture were found. This has lead to the supposition that contacts between the population of the Northern Janisławice culture and the late phase of the Neman culture occurred in this area and resulted in the formation of assemblages like those described in the following article.

Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada, Dec 17, 2017

Excavations of peat bog sites in Central Russia have brought to light a rich and highly developed... more Excavations of peat bog sites in Central Russia have brought to light a rich and highly developed bone industry, which played a very important role in subsistence strategies and everyday life of the Mesolithic population of the region. The present article, however, deals with only one aspect of this bone industry, namely bone heads of massive thrusting spears. From morphological point of view heads of thrusting spears are massive points with conical tip made from long elk bones. The article describes technology of their manufacture and use-wear traces. The latter indicate multiple hitting soft medium dirty material with hard intrusions (most probably hunted mammals) and occasional hitting the ground. Such traces are characteristic for projectile points studied by the author. Faunal remains and ethnographic data indicate the use of such massive spears for hunting elks.

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, Jun 1, 2020

При раскопках стоянки Береговая II на Горбуновском торфянике в Зауралье в слое позднего мезолита ... more При раскопках стоянки Береговая II на Горбуновском торфянике в Зауралье в слое позднего мезолита был найден перфорированный диск-навершие из тальк-хлоритовой горной породы. На лицевой стороне диска грубой шлифовкой моделирован выступающий нос, гравировкой показаны брови, усы и борода личины. Отверстие для рукоятки в центре расположено на месте рта. Всего в Зауралье известно 4 крупных перфорированных диска, которые исследователи относили к эпохе бронзы и интерпретировали как диски-календари. Отличительные черты нашего диска позволяют считать его скорее навершием ритуального оружия типа булавы. Находка подобного артефакта в четких стратиграфических условиях – в культурном слое позднего мезолита стоянки Береговой II – и сходство отдельных деталей антропоморфной личины на диске с деталями лица Большого Шигирского идола доказывают гораздо более раннее их бытование в Среднем Зауралье. The excavations at the Beregovaya II site in the Gorbunovo peat-bog in the Transurals yielded a perforated end-piece disc made from talc chlorite rock. The face side of the disc features a protruding nose made by rough grinding, whereas the brows, the moustache and the beard of the human-like mask are rendered by engraving. There is a shaft-hole in the center where there should be the mouth. Totally four large perforated discs referred by researchers to the Bronze Age and interpreted as calendar discs that are known in the Transurals region. The distinguishing features of this finial-disc suggest that, most likely, it was a part of a ceremonial weapon such as a macehead. The find of this artifact in the clear stratigraphic context of the Late Mesolithic occupation layer at Beregovaya II and similarity between some parts of the anthropomorphic human-like mask on the disk and the face of the Big Shigir idol is an evidence that such discs were used in the Middle Transurals much earlier.

Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum, Mar 10, 2020

Complex research on various barbed points from early Mesolithic sites in the Volga-Oka interfluve... more Complex research on various barbed points from early Mesolithic sites in the Volga-Oka interfluve showed that they were the heads of different categories of hunting weapons, mostly projectiles. Analyses of their shape, size and use-wear traces made it possible to single out arrowheads, javelin or leister points, throwing and thrusting spearheads and harpoons. The earliest of them emerge in the first half of the Preboreal period, but the full flourishing of various categories of barbed weapons is observed during the late Preboreal to early Boreal periods and later. Some types and variants are numerous and have a long history, while others are represented only by single finds. The former represent more or less standard mass products, while the latter can be treated as experimental artefacts which played no significant role. Together with other types of bone and antler hunting weapons barbed projectile points played an important role in subsistence strategies of the Early Mesolithic population of the Volga-Oka interfluve and their adaptation to the forest environment during the early Holocene.

IOP conference series, Feb 4, 2020

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive palaeobotanical research of lacustrine and peat... more The paper presents the results of a comprehensive palaeobotanical research of lacustrine and peat deposits of archaeological Mesolithic sites discovered at the Gorbunovo peat bog (Middle Urals). Pollen and plant macrofossil data, as well as a biome model were used to describe the vegetation changes in the study area in the Early Holocene. It was found out that in the second half of the Pre-Boreal and the first half of the Boreal periods of the Early Holocene (approximately to 9,800-9,600 cal BP), the vicinity of the Gorbunovo peat bog was dominated by cold deciduous forests. Larch, spruce-larch and birch forests and meadow communities with periglacial elements were widespread. Various aquatic plants could be found in the pond, though it started to turn into swamp. In the second half of the Boreal period (approximately at 9,600-9,500 cal BP), the taiga biome, including pine and birch-pine forests with occurrence of spruce started to prevail. Periglacial communities became degraded. Aggressive water logging led to the formation of a peat bog.

Camera praehistorica, Dec 12, 2018

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, Jun 15, 2019

Изображения обособленных конечностей хищников в искусстве скифского звериного стиля Восточной Евр... more Изображения обособленных конечностей хищников в искусстве скифского звериного стиля Восточной Европы: типология, хронология, анализ истоков и эволюции (монография в журнале) // SP. No. 3. С. 17-71. Канторович А. Р., 2013. Изображения лося в восточноевропейском скифском зверином стиле: классификация, типология, хронология // Scripta antiqua. Вопросы древней истории, филологии, искусства и материальной культуры. t. 3 / Отв. ред. М. Д. Бухарин. М.: Собрание. С. 423-480. Канторович А. Р., 2014. Эволюция и хронология сюжета свернувшегося в кольцо хищника в восточноевропейском скифском зверином стиле // ПИФК. № 4. С. 66-99.

Camera praehistorica, Dec 12, 2018

Uralʹskij istoričeskij vestnik, 2018

В конце XIX-начале XX вв. при добыче золота на Шигирском торфянике, расположенном около 70 км к с... more В конце XIX-начале XX вв. при добыче золота на Шигирском торфянике, расположенном около 70 км к северо-западу от Екатеринбурга, была собрана коллекция древних предметов, включающая изделия из кости, рога и дерева. 24 января 1890 г. на Втором Курь инском прииске в торфе на глубине око-Жилин Михаил Геннадьевич-д.и.н., в.н.с., Институт археологии РАН (г. Москва)

Journal of Wetland Archaeology, Sep 1, 2014

Fifteen peat bog settlements have been excavated in the area between the Volga and Oka Rivers in ... more Fifteen peat bog settlements have been excavated in the area between the Volga and Oka Rivers in Central Russia over the last few decades. These wetland sites contained cultural layers with well-preserved organic materials from the beginning to the end of the Mesolithic. Faunal assemblages, hunting and fishing tools from the main early Mesolithic sites of the region are described in this article. The data from wetland sites indicates that the economic and cultural model of hunters-fishers-gatherers characteristic of the boreal forests zone was applicable in the Volga-Oka area by the very beginning of the Holocene, or probably earlier. The Mesolithic boreal-culture was perfectly adapted to the forest and lake environment and had gradually developed in the region during early Mesolithic and then over several millennia. This subsistence strategy proved to be flexible and sustainable. It is noted, however, that the natural environmental factors, which caused the emergence of this cultural and economic model in the Upper Volga area at the beginning of the Mesolithic, did not induce significant effects on its subsequent development.

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Apr 1, 2020

Zapiski Instituta istorii materialʹnoj kulʹtury RAN, 2018

В № 17 «Записок ИИМК РАН» публикуются научные исследования в области изучения древнекаменного век... more В № 17 «Записок ИИМК РАН» публикуются научные исследования в области изучения древнекаменного века Восточной Европы, представленные на Международной научной конференции «Плейстоцен и палеолит Русской равнины: развитие идей комплексного подхода», посвященной 80-летию со дня рождения выдающегося исследователя палеолита Н. Д. Праслова. Издание адресовано археологам, культурологам, историкам, музееведам, студентам исторических факультетов вузов. The 17 th issue of the «Transactions of IHMC RAS» features papers focused on the Old Stone Age of East Europe, which were presented at the International scholarly conference «The Pleistocene and Paleolithic of the Russian Plain: the development of complex approach» dedicated to the 80 th birth anniversary of N. D. Praslov. The volume is intended for archaeologists, culturologists, historians, museum workers, and students of historical faculties.

Ufimskij arheologičeskij vestnik, 2024

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, May 27, 2024

Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i ètnografii, Mar 15, 2024

Утвержден к печати Ученым советом ФИЦ Тюменского научного центра СО РАН Сетевое издание «Вестник ... more Утвержден к печати Ученым советом ФИЦ Тюменского научного центра СО РАН Сетевое издание «Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии» зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций; регистрационный номер: серия Эл № ФС77-82071 от 05 октября 2021 г.

Camera Praehistorica, 2020

М. Г. Ж и л и н л. л. Ко с и нс К а я о. В. Р ы Ж Ко Ва стоянка Береговая II расположена в средне... more М. Г. Ж и л и н л. л. Ко с и нс К а я о. В. Р ы Ж Ко Ва стоянка Береговая II расположена в среднем Зауралье, на мысу коренного берега Горбуновского торфяника. Ее исследования начались в 1944 г. К настоящему времени раскопано 152 м 2 в верхней (мысовой) части памятника и 172 м 2-в прибрежной заторфованной части у подножия мыса. Полученный материал относится к нескольким археологическим эпохам, от мезолита до раннего железного века включительно. В данной статье на основе анализа стратиграфии и планиграфии раскопанного в 1991-1992 гг. верхнего участка стоянки, типологического и технологического анализа, сопоставления материалов мысовой и прибрежной частей выделены ранненеолитический каменный инвентарь и керамика, охарактеризованы костяные изделия из заторфованной части. Установлено совместное залегание разных типов керамики в слое, датированном концом 7-го тыс. до н. э., в связи с чем рассмотрены некоторые проблемы неолита Зауралья. Предпринята попытка реконструкции особенностей использования и назначения разных частей стоянки Береговая II в неолите.

The Oldowan is the earliest archaeological period. Emerging as a culture around 2,6 million years... more The Oldowan is the earliest archaeological period. Emerging as a culture around 2,6 million years ago in Eastern Africa, it spread across Africa and Eurasia. The discovery of Oldowan sites in Russia has pushed the date of the Stone Age in Russia to a much earlier period and has revised the findings from the studies related to this period. This paper contains a summary of the current state of the Oldowan studies and the level of knowledge of this tradition in the Old World providing an overview of available information.

Quaternary International, Mar 1, 2020

Excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites with good preservation of organic materials in the Trans... more Excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites with good preservation of organic materials in the Trans-Urals brought to light direct evidence of fishing including bones of freshwater fish, mainly perch and pike and various fishing tools. Harpoons and an intact fishing hook were found in the Early Mesolithic layer of Beregovaya 2 site. Middle Mesolithic layers yielded a harpoon and/or leister head, a fishing hook, and net sinkers made of pieces of stone bound across with a strip of bast. Number of fish bones increases in Late Mesolithic layer of Beregovaya II indicating greater importance of fishing at that time. A wooden paddle blade from this layer is a direct evidence of the use of boats. Nets were the main fishing tool while the role of fishing hooks, harpoons and leisters decreased, which is in good accordance with the composition of catches. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Research methods All fish remains come from excavations of Mesolithic peat bog sites. Preservation of bones is good or excellent. Even smallest bones and scales are well preserved. Very thin slices of peat or gyttja were cut during excavations, and all bones including very small ones and fish scales were collected from the whole excavated area and from all layers. Water sieving of deposits from cultural layers added only a few small bones. The whole amount of fish bones from excavations was studied by Dr. E.A. Nekrasov, senior researcher of the Institute for the Evolution of Animals and Plants of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg. Standard methodology of species and dimensional definitions of fish similar to described by V. Radu and N. Desse-Berset (Radu and Desse-Berset, 2013) was employed, based on comparison with etalon collections of modern freshwater fish housed in the Institute. Pollen analysis of a core from Beregovaya 2 was carried out in 2010-2012 by Dr. N.K. Panova, senior researcher of the Botanic garden of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg; analysis of plant macroremains from the same core was carried out by Dr. T.G. Antipina, senior researcher of the same institute (Zaretskaya et al., 2014). Pollen analysis of a core from Beregovaya 1 was carried out in 2015-2016 by Dr. E.G. Lapteva, researcher of the Institute for the Evolution of Animals and Plants of the Urals branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Yekaterinburg; analysis of plant

Camera praehistorica, Jun 1, 2022

Broad knives made of elk scapula were widespread in the Mesolithic of the forest zone from the Ea... more Broad knives made of elk scapula were widespread in the Mesolithic of the forest zone from the Eastern Baltic to the Trans-Urals. Operation sequence of their manufacture was rather standard. The ridge of elk scapula was knocked off, and its surface was planed by carving, scraping or whittling, sometimes smoothed with an abrasive slab. One edge of a scapula was cut off and sharpened by longitudinal whittling with a flint knife. The joint was flattened or broken off. The distal end of some knives has a pair of perforations pierced through or rarely drilled. Use-wear analysis conducted by the author showed that broad knives made of elk scapula were used mainly for hide processing, and some were used for removing bark from tree trunks. Most of them are not decorated. Rare knives with ornamentation or abstract geometric engravings from sites Stanovoye 4 in the Volga-Oka interfluve and Veretye 1 in the Eastern Onega region according to traceological data were used in the same manner as undecorated ones. Engraving of ornamentation, and especially complicated geometric designs demanded substantial amount of time and labor. Such images are single and not repeated even among materials of one site and one culture. This indicates individualization of the world perception and its representation among separate members of Mesolithic communities. Evidently not only working characteristics of a tool were important for them, but also its appearance. Probably complicated abstract images engraved on broad knives had definite, possibly sacred meaning. But at the moment we cannot offer its reliable explanation.

Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, Nov 1, 2014

Integrated studies on several peat-gyttja sections, including Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural l... more Integrated studies on several peat-gyttja sections, including Mesolithic and Neolithic cultural layers, were conducted for the Shigir and Gorbunovo peatlands of the Middle Urals. The results of plant mac rofossil and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the history of peat formation, vegetation, and climate changes during the Holocene. The radiocarbon dating of archaeological artifacts and enclosing sedimentary layers were used to reconstruct the stratigraphy and dynamics of peat formation and establish the chronology of inhabitation of this region in the changing paleoenvironmental conditions.

Lietuvos archeologija, 2016

The Vishtynetskaya 1 site on the NW shore of Lake Vistytis (Lith. Vištytis) was first excavated b... more The Vishtynetskaya 1 site on the NW shore of Lake Vistytis (Lith. Vištytis) was first excavated by Vladimir Ivanovich Timofeev in 1981. The mixed cultural layer produced finds from the Bronze Age, Neolithic, and Mesolithic. A 2012 excavation on top of the dune yielded a representative Mesolithic inventory without any Neolithic contamination. The flint assemblage contains types characteristic of the Janisławice (Rus. Yanislavitse) and Neman (Lith. Nemunas) cultures including trapezes, triangles, and retouched inserts, but no Wieliszew-type points typical of the Janisławice or tanged points typical of the Neman culture were found. This has lead to the supposition that contacts between the population of the Northern Janisławice culture and the late phase of the Neman culture occurred in this area and resulted in the formation of assemblages like those described in the following article.

Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada, Dec 17, 2017

Excavations of peat bog sites in Central Russia have brought to light a rich and highly developed... more Excavations of peat bog sites in Central Russia have brought to light a rich and highly developed bone industry, which played a very important role in subsistence strategies and everyday life of the Mesolithic population of the region. The present article, however, deals with only one aspect of this bone industry, namely bone heads of massive thrusting spears. From morphological point of view heads of thrusting spears are massive points with conical tip made from long elk bones. The article describes technology of their manufacture and use-wear traces. The latter indicate multiple hitting soft medium dirty material with hard intrusions (most probably hunted mammals) and occasional hitting the ground. Such traces are characteristic for projectile points studied by the author. Faunal remains and ethnographic data indicate the use of such massive spears for hunting elks.

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, Jun 1, 2020

При раскопках стоянки Береговая II на Горбуновском торфянике в Зауралье в слое позднего мезолита ... more При раскопках стоянки Береговая II на Горбуновском торфянике в Зауралье в слое позднего мезолита был найден перфорированный диск-навершие из тальк-хлоритовой горной породы. На лицевой стороне диска грубой шлифовкой моделирован выступающий нос, гравировкой показаны брови, усы и борода личины. Отверстие для рукоятки в центре расположено на месте рта. Всего в Зауралье известно 4 крупных перфорированных диска, которые исследователи относили к эпохе бронзы и интерпретировали как диски-календари. Отличительные черты нашего диска позволяют считать его скорее навершием ритуального оружия типа булавы. Находка подобного артефакта в четких стратиграфических условиях – в культурном слое позднего мезолита стоянки Береговой II – и сходство отдельных деталей антропоморфной личины на диске с деталями лица Большого Шигирского идола доказывают гораздо более раннее их бытование в Среднем Зауралье. The excavations at the Beregovaya II site in the Gorbunovo peat-bog in the Transurals yielded a perforated end-piece disc made from talc chlorite rock. The face side of the disc features a protruding nose made by rough grinding, whereas the brows, the moustache and the beard of the human-like mask are rendered by engraving. There is a shaft-hole in the center where there should be the mouth. Totally four large perforated discs referred by researchers to the Bronze Age and interpreted as calendar discs that are known in the Transurals region. The distinguishing features of this finial-disc suggest that, most likely, it was a part of a ceremonial weapon such as a macehead. The find of this artifact in the clear stratigraphic context of the Late Mesolithic occupation layer at Beregovaya II and similarity between some parts of the anthropomorphic human-like mask on the disk and the face of the Big Shigir idol is an evidence that such discs were used in the Middle Transurals much earlier.

Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum, Mar 10, 2020

Complex research on various barbed points from early Mesolithic sites in the Volga-Oka interfluve... more Complex research on various barbed points from early Mesolithic sites in the Volga-Oka interfluve showed that they were the heads of different categories of hunting weapons, mostly projectiles. Analyses of their shape, size and use-wear traces made it possible to single out arrowheads, javelin or leister points, throwing and thrusting spearheads and harpoons. The earliest of them emerge in the first half of the Preboreal period, but the full flourishing of various categories of barbed weapons is observed during the late Preboreal to early Boreal periods and later. Some types and variants are numerous and have a long history, while others are represented only by single finds. The former represent more or less standard mass products, while the latter can be treated as experimental artefacts which played no significant role. Together with other types of bone and antler hunting weapons barbed projectile points played an important role in subsistence strategies of the Early Mesolithic population of the Volga-Oka interfluve and their adaptation to the forest environment during the early Holocene.

IOP conference series, Feb 4, 2020

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive palaeobotanical research of lacustrine and peat... more The paper presents the results of a comprehensive palaeobotanical research of lacustrine and peat deposits of archaeological Mesolithic sites discovered at the Gorbunovo peat bog (Middle Urals). Pollen and plant macrofossil data, as well as a biome model were used to describe the vegetation changes in the study area in the Early Holocene. It was found out that in the second half of the Pre-Boreal and the first half of the Boreal periods of the Early Holocene (approximately to 9,800-9,600 cal BP), the vicinity of the Gorbunovo peat bog was dominated by cold deciduous forests. Larch, spruce-larch and birch forests and meadow communities with periglacial elements were widespread. Various aquatic plants could be found in the pond, though it started to turn into swamp. In the second half of the Boreal period (approximately at 9,600-9,500 cal BP), the taiga biome, including pine and birch-pine forests with occurrence of spruce started to prevail. Periglacial communities became degraded. Aggressive water logging led to the formation of a peat bog.

Camera praehistorica, Dec 12, 2018

Kratkie soobŝeniâ, Jun 15, 2019

Изображения обособленных конечностей хищников в искусстве скифского звериного стиля Восточной Евр... more Изображения обособленных конечностей хищников в искусстве скифского звериного стиля Восточной Европы: типология, хронология, анализ истоков и эволюции (монография в журнале) // SP. No. 3. С. 17-71. Канторович А. Р., 2013. Изображения лося в восточноевропейском скифском зверином стиле: классификация, типология, хронология // Scripta antiqua. Вопросы древней истории, филологии, искусства и материальной культуры. t. 3 / Отв. ред. М. Д. Бухарин. М.: Собрание. С. 423-480. Канторович А. Р., 2014. Эволюция и хронология сюжета свернувшегося в кольцо хищника в восточноевропейском скифском зверином стиле // ПИФК. № 4. С. 66-99.

Camera praehistorica, Dec 12, 2018

Uralʹskij istoričeskij vestnik, 2018

В конце XIX-начале XX вв. при добыче золота на Шигирском торфянике, расположенном около 70 км к с... more В конце XIX-начале XX вв. при добыче золота на Шигирском торфянике, расположенном около 70 км к северо-западу от Екатеринбурга, была собрана коллекция древних предметов, включающая изделия из кости, рога и дерева. 24 января 1890 г. на Втором Курь инском прииске в торфе на глубине око-Жилин Михаил Геннадьевич-д.и.н., в.н.с., Институт археологии РАН (г. Москва)

Journal of Wetland Archaeology, Sep 1, 2014

Fifteen peat bog settlements have been excavated in the area between the Volga and Oka Rivers in ... more Fifteen peat bog settlements have been excavated in the area between the Volga and Oka Rivers in Central Russia over the last few decades. These wetland sites contained cultural layers with well-preserved organic materials from the beginning to the end of the Mesolithic. Faunal assemblages, hunting and fishing tools from the main early Mesolithic sites of the region are described in this article. The data from wetland sites indicates that the economic and cultural model of hunters-fishers-gatherers characteristic of the boreal forests zone was applicable in the Volga-Oka area by the very beginning of the Holocene, or probably earlier. The Mesolithic boreal-culture was perfectly adapted to the forest and lake environment and had gradually developed in the region during early Mesolithic and then over several millennia. This subsistence strategy proved to be flexible and sustainable. It is noted, however, that the natural environmental factors, which caused the emergence of this cultural and economic model in the Upper Volga area at the beginning of the Mesolithic, did not induce significant effects on its subsequent development.

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Apr 1, 2020

Zapiski Instituta istorii materialʹnoj kulʹtury RAN, 2018

В № 17 «Записок ИИМК РАН» публикуются научные исследования в области изучения древнекаменного век... more В № 17 «Записок ИИМК РАН» публикуются научные исследования в области изучения древнекаменного века Восточной Европы, представленные на Международной научной конференции «Плейстоцен и палеолит Русской равнины: развитие идей комплексного подхода», посвященной 80-летию со дня рождения выдающегося исследователя палеолита Н. Д. Праслова. Издание адресовано археологам, культурологам, историкам, музееведам, студентам исторических факультетов вузов. The 17 th issue of the «Transactions of IHMC RAS» features papers focused on the Old Stone Age of East Europe, which were presented at the International scholarly conference «The Pleistocene and Paleolithic of the Russian Plain: the development of complex approach» dedicated to the 80 th birth anniversary of N. D. Praslov. The volume is intended for archaeologists, culturologists, historians, museum workers, and students of historical faculties.

Нестор-История Москва ■ Санкт-Петербург , 2020

Многолетние мультидисциплпиарные исследования мезолитических памятников на Горбуновском торфя-ник... more Многолетние мультидисциплпиарные исследования мезолитических памятников на Горбуновском торфя-нике в Среднем Зауралье дали представительные материалы для изучения природных изменений в раннем голоцене изучаемой территории, развития материальной культуры, хозяйства и адаптации мезолитического населения региона и лесного Зауралья в целом. Исследование мезолитических стоянок Горбуновского тор-фяника показало, что заселение Среднего Зауралья произошло не в позднем мезолите, как считалось ранее, а в раннем мезолите. Уже на этом этапе население сумело успешно адаптироваться к природным условиям и выработать оптимальную стратегию жизнеобеспечения, которая в основных чертах не менялась на про-тяжении мезолита и раннего неолита. Основу этой стратегии составляла охота на копытных, прежде всего, лося, дополняемая охотой на других зверей, птицу и рыболовством. В зависимости от сезона и местных условий население меняло места стоянок и промысловых лагерей. Преемственность в каменной и костяной индустрии между слоями мезолита и раннего неолита торфяных стоянок Среднего Зауратья позволяет гово-рить о сложении раннего неолита этой территории на местной основе.
Multidisciplinary research of Mesolithic sites of the Gorbunovo peat bog, carried out during last decades yielded numerous materials for the study of environmental changes during the Early Holocene of the area under study, and development of material culture, economy and adaptation of the Mesolithic population of the region and the forest Tans-Urals area as a whole. Investigation of Mesolithic sites of the Gorbunovo peat bog shows with certainty that the settlement of the Middle Trans-Urals happened not during the Late Mesolithic, as it was previously considered, but during the Early Mesolithic. Already at that stage the Mesolithic population of the region managed to adapt suc¬cessfully to their environment and work out the optimal subsistence strategy, main features of which did not change during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. Hunting of ungulates, first of all elk supplemented by hunting other mam¬mals, fowling and fishing was the base of this strategy. Seasonal changes and local conditions demanded changes of localities of habitation sites and hunting camps throughout a year. Continuity of traditions of lithic and bone industry between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic cultural layers of peat bog sites of the Middle Trans-Urals indicates emergence of the Early Neolithic of this territory on the local Mesolithic basis.

М., ИА РАН, 2014

Основной набор орудий из кости и рога мезолитической бутовской культуры сложился уже в первой пол... more Основной набор орудий из кости и рога мезолитической бутовской культуры сложился уже в первой половине пребореального периода. В дальнейшем его развитие выражалось в исчезновении одних типов вооружения и обрабатывающих орудий и замене их другими типами изделий той же функции. Устойчивые традиции изготовления и использования оружия и орудий из кости и рога сочетались с инновациями. Некоторые из них впоследствии закреплялись и становились новыми традициями, другие же отбрасывались и более не встречались.

М.: ИА РАН, 2006

Книга посвящена материалам мезолитических памятников Озерецкого торфяника в Тверском Поволжье, р... more Книга посвящена материалам мезолитических памятников Озерецкого торфяника в Тверском Поволжье, раскопанных автором в 1990-1995 гг. Надежная стратиграфия, хорошая сохранность органических материалов, представительные археологические коллекции, серии радиоуглеродных дат, данные палинологического анализа, остеологические и палеоботанические определения делают исследованные памятники опорными для изучения среднего и позднего мезолита Верхнего Поволжья. В книге подробно представлены материалы раскопанных стоянок на фоне природных изменений в раннем голоцене в Тверском Поволжье. Рассматривается культурное своеобразие каменного и костяного инвентаря стоянок Озерецкого торфяника. Предлагается реконструкция хозяйства и особенностей адаптации населения, оставившего эти памятники. Книга может представлять интерес для археологов, историков, этнологов, студентов исторических факультетов и всех, интересующихся древнейшей историей Верхнего Поволжья.

М..: Academia, 2004

Около 10300 лет назад начинается переход от последнего оледенения к геологической современности -... more Около 10300 лет назад начинается переход от последнего оледенения к геологической современности - голоцену. Потепление и увлажнение климата способствовало развитию лесной растительности, и около 9500 лет назад лес становится господствующим типом растительности центра и северо-запада лесной зоны Восточной Европы. Такая природная обстановка уже в самом начале мезолита способствовала сложению комплексного хозяйства, основой которого была охота, важную роль играло рыболовство и вспомогательную роль собирательство. В книге рассмотрены эти виды хозяйства, а также различные обрабатывающие производства, транспорт, жилища и домостроительство и годовой хозяйственный цикл мезолитического населения центра и северо-запада лесной зоны Восточной Европы.

Около 10000 лет назад началось формирование лесной зоны Восточной Европы. Перестройка ландшафтов ... more Около 10000 лет назад началось формирование лесной зоны Восточной Европы. Перестройка ландшафтов сопровождалась появлением нового населения и сложением хозяйственно-культурного типа охотников-рыболовов-собирателей лесов умеренного пояса. Оружие, орудия труда и украшения из кости и рога широко использовались мезолитическим населением. В работе анализируются морфология, технология изготовления и хронология этих изделий, общие черты и особенности костяной индустрии мезолитических культур лесной зоны Восточной Европы.

IV Северный археологический конгресс. Материалы. Екатеринбург-Ханты-Мансийск

К категории зубчатых острий относятся костяные наконечники, служившие нако-нечниками дротиков или... more К категории зубчатых острий относятся костяные наконечники, служившие нако-нечниками дротиков или острог. В отличие от наконечников гарпунов, эти изделия имели жесткое соединение с древком. В работе даны типология и технология изготовления ар-тефактов, приведены аналогии с других территорий. К категории зубчатых острий относятся достаточно крупные наконечники с наса-дами, приспособленными для жесткого неподвижного закрепления в древках. От нако-нечников стрел с зубцами они отличаются массивностью, а жесткое соединение с древком их главное отличие от наконечников гарпунов, на насадах которых имеются приспособле-ния для подвижного соединения с древком при помощи линя. Зубчатые острия применя-лись при наземной охоте как наконечники метательных копий и дротиков или были нако-нечниками острог для добычи рыбы. В Среднем Зауралье при раскопках археологических памятников каменного века зубчатые острия пока не найдены. В мезолитических слоях стоянок Береговая II торфяная и Кокшаровско-Юрьинская I обнаружены обломки верхних частей подобных изделий, но они могут принадлежать как зубчатым остриям, так и наконечникам гарпунов. Более 40 зубчатых острий разных типов и около 60 обломков подобных изделий с утраченными насадами есть в коллекции случайных находок с Шигирского торфяника, хранящейся в 1 Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ, грант №12-06-00100.

Восточная Европа, Кавказ, Ближний Восток в каменном веке: хронология, источники и культурогенез. Тезисы докладов. М: ИА РАН, 2020

Имеющиеся даты шан-кобинской культуры укладываются в интервал 12650=60 - 9366=73 ВР (13301-12801 ... more Имеющиеся даты шан-кобинской культуры укладываются в интервал 12650=60 - 9366=73 ВР (13301-12801 - 8730-8544 СаШС); мурзак-кобинской - в интервал 8357±52 - 7075±45 ВР (7507-7385 - 5999-5917 СаШС); шпанской - в интервал 9730±50 - 8240=150 ВР (9040-8970 - 7240-7050 СаШС). Хронологические рамки других культур финального палеолита Крыма пока достоверно не определены. Сложившаяся ситуация диктует настоятельную необходимость раз¬работки детальной хронологии опорных памятников финального палеолита и мезолита Горного Крыма с применением различных методов естественных наук. Это будет одной из наших задач на ближайшие годы.