lars Frederiksen | Aarhus University; School of Business and Social Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by lars Frederiksen

This paper adds new knowledge to the phenomenon of transferring embodied knowledge through labor ... more This paper adds new knowledge to the phenomenon of transferring embodied knowledge through labor mobility by means of a comparative study of the entertainment and manufacturing industries. Explorative in nature, the paper takes advantage of unique data on the Danish labor market (i.e. IDA) to investigate labor mobility patterns for the two selected industries and to detect internal differences within industry segments and regarding creative intensive and invention activities in particular. We use the music industry as a proxy for the entertainment industries.

this paper is the spontaneous empirical observation that the creative industries in general are g... more this paper is the spontaneous empirical observation that the creative industries in general are gaining importance on both an organizational and an economic level. It is no coincidence that the creative industries recently have received attention in organisational studies (see for example the theme issues of Organisational Science, 1998) as well as among economists (Caves 20001). A few social scientists try to give explanations to the configuration and functions of the dynamics of the organization and innovation related to production and the products of these industries (Vogel 1998, Andersen & Miles 1999). Alone the empirical observation that Americans spend at least 60 billion hours and over $60 billions on legal forms of entertainment each year is remarkable (Vogel 1998), and seems to call for further analysis of both the single sectors making up this industry segment as well as some of the features of the firms involved. However, the relative modest considerations from organizati...

Despite increasing interest in technological platforms as innovation ecosystems, existing researc... more Despite increasing interest in technological platforms as innovation ecosystems, existing research offers little predictive insight into how firms can identify users who are likely to become successful third-party providers. In our analysis, we combine (a) the complete sales history of all applications related to a technological platform and (b) the complete history of communications in all user and developer communities related to the platform. We employ logistic, extended Cox, and Poisson regression models, combined with social network analysis. We show that the prior network positions of users, their prior communication histories, and their prior user experiences from consumption can jointly predict the transition from user to third-party developer (i.e. indicating entrepreneurial intention), the launch of a first platform application (i.e. entrepreneurial action) and the sales of the application (i.e. entrepreneurial success). Our study contributes to the literature in strategic...

Innovation

Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to... more Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we ARTICLE HISTORY

How do laid-off employees become entrepreneurs after receiving a dream start into self-employment... more How do laid-off employees become entrepreneurs after receiving a dream start into self-employment? This question is relevant for policy makers and entrepreneurship researchers alike since it raises the possibility of a reverse entrepreneurial opportunity, in which the chance of becoming an entrepreneur emerges before the discovery of a profitable opportunity. We empirically examine this question on the unique setting of a corporate entrepreneurship program. In the midst of a corporate crisis, Nokia supported laid-off employees to start their own ventures under favorable conditions. We investigate the transition from wage earners to entrepreneurs with focus on the psychological underpinnings. Drawing on the literature on organizational death, closure and job loss, we identify three archetypal patterns of transition to self-employment: 1) the “born entrepreneurs”, 2) the “low-hanging opportunity seeking entrepreneurs”, and 3) the “jump-start entrepreneurs”. Whereas the two first categ...

As volatile economic climate stirs up global market turbulences, firms rely on their capabilities... more As volatile economic climate stirs up global market turbulences, firms rely on their capabilities to innovate their products, processes, and perhaps most importantly their organisations to address the external changing market. Past studies have pointed their focus on the enterprises developing capabilities in dynamic environment (Teece et al., 1997, Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000, Helfat and Peteraf, 2009, Zollo and Winter, 2002), but the process of capability transformation in entering and shaping a nascent market remains poorly understood. We argue that three mutually enabling sets of activities, including renew, reuse and reinforce, can support and facilitate such process of capability development. Renewal of capabilities involves searching activities and developing new alternatives, which results in radical or incremental changes to firms’ capabilities to adapt to the emerging market; Reuse of capabilities entails redeploying newly built capabilities to serve new products, projects...

Scholars have examined how rejections affect people who generate ideas, but rarely studied how it... more Scholars have examined how rejections affect people who generate ideas, but rarely studied how it shapes those who supported them. Those who support an idea by providing feedback on it, often inves...

Academy of Management Proceedings

While experts constitute the traditional approach to evaluate and assess ideas for innovation, it... more While experts constitute the traditional approach to evaluate and assess ideas for innovation, it is increasingly common for organizations also to involve crowds in decision-making. However, research is lacking on how both types of ‘audiences’ select ideas in potentially different ways. We examine which innovator and idea-related attributes are most important to which audience in influencing their selection of ideas. Based on data collected from an online ideation platform over the course of 11 months, we show that crowds and experts’ decision-making processes are driven by different mechanisms. We find that crowds, in contrast to experts, are more easily influenced in their decision- making by past success of an innovator and by how ideas are formulated (i.e., the complexity of the idea description). In contrast to crowds, we find that experts tend to favor more similar ideas. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Industry and Innovation, 2020

Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from schola... more Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Res...

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2016

SSRN Electronic Journal

Third-party complementors as entrepreneurs boost digital platforms. We explore how platform organ... more Third-party complementors as entrepreneurs boost digital platforms. We explore how platform organizations may identify which individuals on platforms that are likely to transition from product users into user entrepreneurs. We theorize and demonstrate that social influence explains transition into entrepreneurship, while we observe no significant effects from information access or social network status. Specifically, we find that both network exposure to other entrepreneurs and the content of social relationship connections, namely encouragement from other platform participants, propel transitions towards user entrepreneurship. Second, we show that consumption volumen of digital platform products is a novel demand-side explanation for entrepreneurial transition into supply-side activities. Our study is based on automatically recorded online behavioral data in a setting that facilitates new insights into entrepreneurial transition in digital platform organizations.

Academy of Management Proceedings

Abstract This paper explores how labour market and geographical mobility influence individuals to... more Abstract This paper explores how labour market and geographical mobility influence individuals to engage in entrepreneurship by founding a new organization (ie entry), and the subsequent performance of these organizations (ie survival). Hereby, we aim to contribute ...

Journal of Organization Design

While some firms build cars or smartphones, Rocket Internet builds companies. The incubator and i... more While some firms build cars or smartphones, Rocket Internet builds companies. The incubator and investment firm has pioneered an extreme approach to new venture creation that is often referred to as a "startup factory:" it rapidly assembles and scales new companies, replicating business models that have been developed elsewhere. Separating the ideation of business models from their execution allows Rocket Internet to specialize on the latter, because it eliminates the need to create an environment that is conducive to both processes. Yet specialization may also be Rocket Internet's largest liability, because it makes the firm dependent on the availability of appropriate (cospecialized) business models. In this edition of the Organization Zoo series, we asked several organizational scientists and scholars of entrepreneurship to share their thoughts on what we can learn from the case of Rocket Internet.

Creativity and Innovation Management

Online communities are attractive sources of ideas relevant for new product development and innov... more Online communities are attractive sources of ideas relevant for new product development and innovation. However, making sense of the "big data" in these communities is a complex analytical task. A systematic way of dealing with these data is needed to exploit their potential for boosting companies' innovation performance. We propose a method for analyzing online community data with a special focus on identifying ideas. We employ a research design where, two human raters classified 3,000 texts extracted from an online community, according to whether the text contained an idea. Among the 3,000, 137 idea texts and 2,666 non-idea texts were identified. The human raters could not agree on the remaining 197 texts. These texts were omitted from the analysis. The remaining 2,803 texts were processed by using text mining techniques and used to train a classification model. We describe how to tune the model and which text mining steps to perform. We conclude that machine learning and text mining can be useful for detecting ideas in online communities. The method can help researchers and firms identify ideas hidden in large amounts of texts. Also, it is interesting in its own right that machine learning can be used to detect ideas.

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2016

Knowledge–based theories of entrepreneurship infer transfer of knowledge from the effect of labor... more Knowledge–based theories of entrepreneurship infer transfer of knowledge from the effect of labor mobility on entrepreneurial entry. Yet, simple selection or situational mechanisms that do not imply knowledge transfer may influence entrepreneurial entry in similar ways. We argue that the extent to which such alternative mechanisms operate, labor mobility predicts entry but not subsequent performance for entrepreneurs. Analyses of matched employee–employer data from Sweden suggest that high rates of geographical and industry mobility increase individuals’ likelihood of entrepreneurial entry but have no effects on their entrepreneurial performance. This indicates that the relationship between labor mobility and entrepreneurial entry do not necessarily imply knowledge transfer.

This paper adds new knowledge to the phenomenon of transferring embodied knowledge through labor ... more This paper adds new knowledge to the phenomenon of transferring embodied knowledge through labor mobility by means of a comparative study of the entertainment and manufacturing industries. Explorative in nature, the paper takes advantage of unique data on the Danish labor market (i.e. IDA) to investigate labor mobility patterns for the two selected industries and to detect internal differences within industry segments and regarding creative intensive and invention activities in particular. We use the music industry as a proxy for the entertainment industries.

this paper is the spontaneous empirical observation that the creative industries in general are g... more this paper is the spontaneous empirical observation that the creative industries in general are gaining importance on both an organizational and an economic level. It is no coincidence that the creative industries recently have received attention in organisational studies (see for example the theme issues of Organisational Science, 1998) as well as among economists (Caves 20001). A few social scientists try to give explanations to the configuration and functions of the dynamics of the organization and innovation related to production and the products of these industries (Vogel 1998, Andersen & Miles 1999). Alone the empirical observation that Americans spend at least 60 billion hours and over $60 billions on legal forms of entertainment each year is remarkable (Vogel 1998), and seems to call for further analysis of both the single sectors making up this industry segment as well as some of the features of the firms involved. However, the relative modest considerations from organizati...

Despite increasing interest in technological platforms as innovation ecosystems, existing researc... more Despite increasing interest in technological platforms as innovation ecosystems, existing research offers little predictive insight into how firms can identify users who are likely to become successful third-party providers. In our analysis, we combine (a) the complete sales history of all applications related to a technological platform and (b) the complete history of communications in all user and developer communities related to the platform. We employ logistic, extended Cox, and Poisson regression models, combined with social network analysis. We show that the prior network positions of users, their prior communication histories, and their prior user experiences from consumption can jointly predict the transition from user to third-party developer (i.e. indicating entrepreneurial intention), the launch of a first platform application (i.e. entrepreneurial action) and the sales of the application (i.e. entrepreneurial success). Our study contributes to the literature in strategic...

Innovation

Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to... more Scholars across disciplines increasingly hear calls for more open and collaborative approaches to scientific research. The concept of Open Innovation in Science (OIS) provides a framework that integrates dispersed research efforts aiming to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of applying open and collaborative research practices. While the OIS framework has already been taken up by science of science scholars, its conceptual underpinnings require further specification. In this essay, we ARTICLE HISTORY

How do laid-off employees become entrepreneurs after receiving a dream start into self-employment... more How do laid-off employees become entrepreneurs after receiving a dream start into self-employment? This question is relevant for policy makers and entrepreneurship researchers alike since it raises the possibility of a reverse entrepreneurial opportunity, in which the chance of becoming an entrepreneur emerges before the discovery of a profitable opportunity. We empirically examine this question on the unique setting of a corporate entrepreneurship program. In the midst of a corporate crisis, Nokia supported laid-off employees to start their own ventures under favorable conditions. We investigate the transition from wage earners to entrepreneurs with focus on the psychological underpinnings. Drawing on the literature on organizational death, closure and job loss, we identify three archetypal patterns of transition to self-employment: 1) the “born entrepreneurs”, 2) the “low-hanging opportunity seeking entrepreneurs”, and 3) the “jump-start entrepreneurs”. Whereas the two first categ...

As volatile economic climate stirs up global market turbulences, firms rely on their capabilities... more As volatile economic climate stirs up global market turbulences, firms rely on their capabilities to innovate their products, processes, and perhaps most importantly their organisations to address the external changing market. Past studies have pointed their focus on the enterprises developing capabilities in dynamic environment (Teece et al., 1997, Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000, Helfat and Peteraf, 2009, Zollo and Winter, 2002), but the process of capability transformation in entering and shaping a nascent market remains poorly understood. We argue that three mutually enabling sets of activities, including renew, reuse and reinforce, can support and facilitate such process of capability development. Renewal of capabilities involves searching activities and developing new alternatives, which results in radical or incremental changes to firms’ capabilities to adapt to the emerging market; Reuse of capabilities entails redeploying newly built capabilities to serve new products, projects...

Scholars have examined how rejections affect people who generate ideas, but rarely studied how it... more Scholars have examined how rejections affect people who generate ideas, but rarely studied how it shapes those who supported them. Those who support an idea by providing feedback on it, often inves...

Academy of Management Proceedings

While experts constitute the traditional approach to evaluate and assess ideas for innovation, it... more While experts constitute the traditional approach to evaluate and assess ideas for innovation, it is increasingly common for organizations also to involve crowds in decision-making. However, research is lacking on how both types of ‘audiences’ select ideas in potentially different ways. We examine which innovator and idea-related attributes are most important to which audience in influencing their selection of ideas. Based on data collected from an online ideation platform over the course of 11 months, we show that crowds and experts’ decision-making processes are driven by different mechanisms. We find that crowds, in contrast to experts, are more easily influenced in their decision- making by past success of an innovator and by how ideas are formulated (i.e., the complexity of the idea description). In contrast to crowds, we find that experts tend to favor more similar ideas. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Industry and Innovation, 2020

Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from schola... more Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Res...

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2016

SSRN Electronic Journal

Third-party complementors as entrepreneurs boost digital platforms. We explore how platform organ... more Third-party complementors as entrepreneurs boost digital platforms. We explore how platform organizations may identify which individuals on platforms that are likely to transition from product users into user entrepreneurs. We theorize and demonstrate that social influence explains transition into entrepreneurship, while we observe no significant effects from information access or social network status. Specifically, we find that both network exposure to other entrepreneurs and the content of social relationship connections, namely encouragement from other platform participants, propel transitions towards user entrepreneurship. Second, we show that consumption volumen of digital platform products is a novel demand-side explanation for entrepreneurial transition into supply-side activities. Our study is based on automatically recorded online behavioral data in a setting that facilitates new insights into entrepreneurial transition in digital platform organizations.

Academy of Management Proceedings

Abstract This paper explores how labour market and geographical mobility influence individuals to... more Abstract This paper explores how labour market and geographical mobility influence individuals to engage in entrepreneurship by founding a new organization (ie entry), and the subsequent performance of these organizations (ie survival). Hereby, we aim to contribute ...

Journal of Organization Design

While some firms build cars or smartphones, Rocket Internet builds companies. The incubator and i... more While some firms build cars or smartphones, Rocket Internet builds companies. The incubator and investment firm has pioneered an extreme approach to new venture creation that is often referred to as a "startup factory:" it rapidly assembles and scales new companies, replicating business models that have been developed elsewhere. Separating the ideation of business models from their execution allows Rocket Internet to specialize on the latter, because it eliminates the need to create an environment that is conducive to both processes. Yet specialization may also be Rocket Internet's largest liability, because it makes the firm dependent on the availability of appropriate (cospecialized) business models. In this edition of the Organization Zoo series, we asked several organizational scientists and scholars of entrepreneurship to share their thoughts on what we can learn from the case of Rocket Internet.

Creativity and Innovation Management

Online communities are attractive sources of ideas relevant for new product development and innov... more Online communities are attractive sources of ideas relevant for new product development and innovation. However, making sense of the "big data" in these communities is a complex analytical task. A systematic way of dealing with these data is needed to exploit their potential for boosting companies' innovation performance. We propose a method for analyzing online community data with a special focus on identifying ideas. We employ a research design where, two human raters classified 3,000 texts extracted from an online community, according to whether the text contained an idea. Among the 3,000, 137 idea texts and 2,666 non-idea texts were identified. The human raters could not agree on the remaining 197 texts. These texts were omitted from the analysis. The remaining 2,803 texts were processed by using text mining techniques and used to train a classification model. We describe how to tune the model and which text mining steps to perform. We conclude that machine learning and text mining can be useful for detecting ideas in online communities. The method can help researchers and firms identify ideas hidden in large amounts of texts. Also, it is interesting in its own right that machine learning can be used to detect ideas.

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2016

Knowledge–based theories of entrepreneurship infer transfer of knowledge from the effect of labor... more Knowledge–based theories of entrepreneurship infer transfer of knowledge from the effect of labor mobility on entrepreneurial entry. Yet, simple selection or situational mechanisms that do not imply knowledge transfer may influence entrepreneurial entry in similar ways. We argue that the extent to which such alternative mechanisms operate, labor mobility predicts entry but not subsequent performance for entrepreneurs. Analyses of matched employee–employer data from Sweden suggest that high rates of geographical and industry mobility increase individuals’ likelihood of entrepreneurial entry but have no effects on their entrepreneurial performance. This indicates that the relationship between labor mobility and entrepreneurial entry do not necessarily imply knowledge transfer.