carol holland | Aston University (original) (raw)

Papers by carol holland

Research paper thumbnail of An intervention encouraging planned self-regulation and goal setting in drivers across the lifespan: Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour

Journal of Transport & Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of The role of a health and wellbeing intervention in supported senior living environments on autobiographical specificity and its correlates: first transitions in a longitudinal study

Research paper thumbnail of The role of transport and mobility in the health of older people

Journal of Transport & Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Driving Attitudes and Self-Regulation Measure

Research paper thumbnail of The Wider Importance of Autobiographical Memory Research

Theoretical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers, Illness and Medications

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of age-related reductions in processing resources on text recall

Journal of gerontology, 1992

Available processing resources are presumed to determine the amount of deep, elaborative processi... more Available processing resources are presumed to determine the amount of deep, elaborative processing people can carry out, with reduced resources resulting in poor integration of details from texts, but preserved selection of main points. Two experiments examined whether experimentally reducing resources and levels of processing eventually results in a failure of selection and also whether it produces in younger people the pattern of recall normally observed in elderly people. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the added demand of selecting for preferential recall of a primary theme from a two-theme text. Subjects who putatively had greater processing resources ("younger" elderly in their 60s and those with high intelligence test scores) began to behave like older and lower intelligence test score individuals in that they recalled well main points from both themes but showed reduced recall of details from the secondary theme. In a sentence recognition task, subjects in the...

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationships Between Sensory and Cognitive Decline in Older Age

Research paper thumbnail of What older drivers feel about themselves and what we can do to help them

Research paper thumbnail of Driving with dementia–to what extent is risk of accident really increased?

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers, illness and medication

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers: a review

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness and uptake of screening programmes for coronary heart disease and diabetes: a realist review of design components used in interventions

Objective: To evaluate behavioural components and strategies associated with increased uptake and... more Objective: To evaluate behavioural components and strategies associated with increased uptake and effectiveness of screening for coronary heart disease and diabetes with an implementation science focus. Design: Realist review. Data sources: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference chaining. Searches limited to English language studies published since 1990.

Research paper thumbnail of The course and causes of cognitive change with advancing age

Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 1991

ABSTRACT c1 Patrick Rabbitt, Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre, University of Manches... more ABSTRACT c1 Patrick Rabbitt, Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Research paper thumbnail of Feelings of vulnerability and effects on driving behaviour – A qualitative study

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2014

Feelings of vulnerability in driving can be considered an emotional response to risk perception a... more Feelings of vulnerability in driving can be considered an emotional response to risk perception and the coping strategies adopted could have implications for continued mobility. In a series of focus groups with 48 licensed drivers aged 18-75 years, expressions of vulnerability in driver coping behaviours were examined. Despite feelings of vulnerability appearing low, qualitative thematic analysis revealed a complex array of coping strategies in everyday driving including planning, use of 'co-pilots', self-regulation, avoidance and confrontive coping, i.e. intentional aggression toward other road users. The findings inform future intervention studies to enable appropriate coping strategy selection and prolong independent mobility in older adults.

Research paper thumbnail of Autobiographical and text recall in the elderly: An investigation of a processing resource deficit

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1990

This study examined different explanations of age-related impairments in recall of details from t... more This study examined different explanations of age-related impairments in recall of details from text and autobiographical events. An interpretation of Central Executive Capacity Deficit was supported and explored further. This suggests that details are more demanding of capacity than main points, and that ability to appropriately integrate details with context is likely to be impaired. An implication was that irrelevant and false information may occur, and this was supported in both autobiographical and text recall. The effects were then examined in relation to various measures of ability. The aim was to determine whether declining capacity (as indicated by "Fluid Intelligence" measures) predicted ability to recall in a detailed manner. The difficulty with details was predicted independently by chronological age and by measures of fluid (e.g. AH4 intelligence test) and the more crystallized verbal ability (Mill Hill vocabulary test). Only a measure of the specificity of autobiographical recall was predicted solely by measures of fluid intelligence. Decreased specificity was not a result of faster decay of memory for details, as there was little difference across the lifespan. The resource deficit appears to affect retrieval and appropriate implementation of detail. It was concluded that lower-ability elderly subjects have decreased Central Executive resources, which leads to poor (often inappropriate) integration of details with central thematic points, but that subjects' verbal ability, which does not decline with age, still has an important part to play.

Research paper thumbnail of Older pedestrians: a critical review of the literature

... Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. Dunbar, George (George L.), Holland,... more ... Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. Dunbar, George (George L.), Holland, Carol A. and Maylor, Elizabeth A. (2004) Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. ... San Diego, CA.: Academic Press. Chapman, AJ, Sheehy, NP, Foot, HC, & Wade, FM (1981). ...

Research paper thumbnail of The'Healthy Passport'intervention with older people in an English urban environment: effects of incentives and peer-group organisers in promoting healthy living

Ageing and society, 2008

This paper reports the evaluation of the effectiveness of incentives (viz. points and prizes) and... more This paper reports the evaluation of the effectiveness of incentives (viz. points and prizes) and of peer-group organisers ('older people's champions') in the outcomes of a health-improvement programme for people aged 50+ years in a multi-ethnic district of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ageing memory: Use versus impairment

British Journal of Psychology, 1991

An uncued recall technique was used to compare recall of autobiographical events by two groups of... more An uncued recall technique was used to compare recall of autobiographical events by two groups of elderly volunteers of equivalent general intelligence (assessed by unadjusted scores on the AH4 intelligence test). One group lived in residential care, and the other led independent lives. Residential care subjects recalled and spontaneously rehearsed more memories from their early than their recent lives, whereas the reverse was true for the independent elderly. The effects of senile confusional states were also investigated by testing a subgroup of cognitively impaired subjects, also in residential care. Although unimpaired elderly in care produced more early than recent memories, they were still able to produce substantial numbers of recent memories. Impaired subjects produced very few memories, those they did produce were mainly early ones. Frequency of rehearsal (or reminiscence) seemed to affect the probability of elicitation of a memory. People in institutions more often rehearse memories of early events. Frequency of rehearsal is thus a function of the use which people in different situations make of their memories. Cognitive impairment due to organic neurological changes in the elderly had a characteristic effect on the abundance of recall from recent life.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of slowing speech rate at natural boundaries on older adults' memory for auditorially presented stories

Australian Journal of Psychology, 2000

ABSTRACT This investigation examined whether elderly people benefit from theoretically based adju... more ABSTRACT This investigation examined whether elderly people benefit from theoretically based adjustments to heard information. Speech rate was slowed by inserting pauses at syntactic boundaries (e.g., clause boundaries, sentence endings), and both recall and recognition memory for the information was assessed. Sixty-nine people (55–83 years) each listened to three stories (speech rates 175, 115, and 75 wpm), and read a fourth. Participants recalled more and recognised more accurately from the slowed speech. More higher order information (main points) than lower order information (details) was recalled, but this did not interact with speech rate. However,-there was a speech-rate by recognition-error type interaction, suggesting that memory for higher order information (meaning) was enhanced by giving more time for processing at natural boundaries, and lower level information (surface structure) was forgotten when working memory was taxed. Although previous research has found a memory advantage for read text over heard text, we found an advantage for heard information at the slower rates. In conclusion, slowing speech rate at syntactic boundaries considerably benefited memory for heard information.

Research paper thumbnail of An intervention encouraging planned self-regulation and goal setting in drivers across the lifespan: Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour

Journal of Transport & Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of The role of a health and wellbeing intervention in supported senior living environments on autobiographical specificity and its correlates: first transitions in a longitudinal study

Research paper thumbnail of The role of transport and mobility in the health of older people

Journal of Transport & Health, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Driving Attitudes and Self-Regulation Measure

Research paper thumbnail of The Wider Importance of Autobiographical Memory Research

Theoretical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers, Illness and Medications

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of age-related reductions in processing resources on text recall

Journal of gerontology, 1992

Available processing resources are presumed to determine the amount of deep, elaborative processi... more Available processing resources are presumed to determine the amount of deep, elaborative processing people can carry out, with reduced resources resulting in poor integration of details from texts, but preserved selection of main points. Two experiments examined whether experimentally reducing resources and levels of processing eventually results in a failure of selection and also whether it produces in younger people the pattern of recall normally observed in elderly people. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the added demand of selecting for preferential recall of a primary theme from a two-theme text. Subjects who putatively had greater processing resources ("younger" elderly in their 60s and those with high intelligence test scores) began to behave like older and lower intelligence test score individuals in that they recalled well main points from both themes but showed reduced recall of details from the secondary theme. In a sentence recognition task, subjects in the...

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationships Between Sensory and Cognitive Decline in Older Age

Research paper thumbnail of What older drivers feel about themselves and what we can do to help them

Research paper thumbnail of Driving with dementia–to what extent is risk of accident really increased?

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers, illness and medication

Research paper thumbnail of Older drivers: a review

Research paper thumbnail of Effectiveness and uptake of screening programmes for coronary heart disease and diabetes: a realist review of design components used in interventions

Objective: To evaluate behavioural components and strategies associated with increased uptake and... more Objective: To evaluate behavioural components and strategies associated with increased uptake and effectiveness of screening for coronary heart disease and diabetes with an implementation science focus. Design: Realist review. Data sources: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference chaining. Searches limited to English language studies published since 1990.

Research paper thumbnail of The course and causes of cognitive change with advancing age

Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 1991

ABSTRACT c1 Patrick Rabbitt, Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre, University of Manches... more ABSTRACT c1 Patrick Rabbitt, Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

Research paper thumbnail of Feelings of vulnerability and effects on driving behaviour – A qualitative study

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2014

Feelings of vulnerability in driving can be considered an emotional response to risk perception a... more Feelings of vulnerability in driving can be considered an emotional response to risk perception and the coping strategies adopted could have implications for continued mobility. In a series of focus groups with 48 licensed drivers aged 18-75 years, expressions of vulnerability in driver coping behaviours were examined. Despite feelings of vulnerability appearing low, qualitative thematic analysis revealed a complex array of coping strategies in everyday driving including planning, use of 'co-pilots', self-regulation, avoidance and confrontive coping, i.e. intentional aggression toward other road users. The findings inform future intervention studies to enable appropriate coping strategy selection and prolong independent mobility in older adults.

Research paper thumbnail of Autobiographical and text recall in the elderly: An investigation of a processing resource deficit

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1990

This study examined different explanations of age-related impairments in recall of details from t... more This study examined different explanations of age-related impairments in recall of details from text and autobiographical events. An interpretation of Central Executive Capacity Deficit was supported and explored further. This suggests that details are more demanding of capacity than main points, and that ability to appropriately integrate details with context is likely to be impaired. An implication was that irrelevant and false information may occur, and this was supported in both autobiographical and text recall. The effects were then examined in relation to various measures of ability. The aim was to determine whether declining capacity (as indicated by "Fluid Intelligence" measures) predicted ability to recall in a detailed manner. The difficulty with details was predicted independently by chronological age and by measures of fluid (e.g. AH4 intelligence test) and the more crystallized verbal ability (Mill Hill vocabulary test). Only a measure of the specificity of autobiographical recall was predicted solely by measures of fluid intelligence. Decreased specificity was not a result of faster decay of memory for details, as there was little difference across the lifespan. The resource deficit appears to affect retrieval and appropriate implementation of detail. It was concluded that lower-ability elderly subjects have decreased Central Executive resources, which leads to poor (often inappropriate) integration of details with central thematic points, but that subjects' verbal ability, which does not decline with age, still has an important part to play.

Research paper thumbnail of Older pedestrians: a critical review of the literature

... Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. Dunbar, George (George L.), Holland,... more ... Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. Dunbar, George (George L.), Holland, Carol A. and Maylor, Elizabeth A. (2004) Older pedestrians : a critical review of the literature. ... San Diego, CA.: Academic Press. Chapman, AJ, Sheehy, NP, Foot, HC, & Wade, FM (1981). ...

Research paper thumbnail of The'Healthy Passport'intervention with older people in an English urban environment: effects of incentives and peer-group organisers in promoting healthy living

Ageing and society, 2008

This paper reports the evaluation of the effectiveness of incentives (viz. points and prizes) and... more This paper reports the evaluation of the effectiveness of incentives (viz. points and prizes) and of peer-group organisers ('older people's champions') in the outcomes of a health-improvement programme for people aged 50+ years in a multi-ethnic district of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Ageing memory: Use versus impairment

British Journal of Psychology, 1991

An uncued recall technique was used to compare recall of autobiographical events by two groups of... more An uncued recall technique was used to compare recall of autobiographical events by two groups of elderly volunteers of equivalent general intelligence (assessed by unadjusted scores on the AH4 intelligence test). One group lived in residential care, and the other led independent lives. Residential care subjects recalled and spontaneously rehearsed more memories from their early than their recent lives, whereas the reverse was true for the independent elderly. The effects of senile confusional states were also investigated by testing a subgroup of cognitively impaired subjects, also in residential care. Although unimpaired elderly in care produced more early than recent memories, they were still able to produce substantial numbers of recent memories. Impaired subjects produced very few memories, those they did produce were mainly early ones. Frequency of rehearsal (or reminiscence) seemed to affect the probability of elicitation of a memory. People in institutions more often rehearse memories of early events. Frequency of rehearsal is thus a function of the use which people in different situations make of their memories. Cognitive impairment due to organic neurological changes in the elderly had a characteristic effect on the abundance of recall from recent life.

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of slowing speech rate at natural boundaries on older adults' memory for auditorially presented stories

Australian Journal of Psychology, 2000

ABSTRACT This investigation examined whether elderly people benefit from theoretically based adju... more ABSTRACT This investigation examined whether elderly people benefit from theoretically based adjustments to heard information. Speech rate was slowed by inserting pauses at syntactic boundaries (e.g., clause boundaries, sentence endings), and both recall and recognition memory for the information was assessed. Sixty-nine people (55–83 years) each listened to three stories (speech rates 175, 115, and 75 wpm), and read a fourth. Participants recalled more and recognised more accurately from the slowed speech. More higher order information (main points) than lower order information (details) was recalled, but this did not interact with speech rate. However,-there was a speech-rate by recognition-error type interaction, suggesting that memory for higher order information (meaning) was enhanced by giving more time for processing at natural boundaries, and lower level information (surface structure) was forgotten when working memory was taxed. Although previous research has found a memory advantage for read text over heard text, we found an advantage for heard information at the slower rates. In conclusion, slowing speech rate at syntactic boundaries considerably benefited memory for heard information.

Research paper thumbnail of Peel, E., Holland, C. & Murray, M.(2018) (Eds.) Psychologies of Ageing: Theory, Research and Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan

https://www.palgrave.com/gb/book/9783319970332, 2018

Psychologies of Ageing offers a diversity of contemporary perspectives on ageing in a balanced an... more Psychologies of Ageing offers a diversity of contemporary perspectives on ageing in a balanced and comprehensive way. This book addresses ageing issues in social and critical psychology, cognitive and biological psychology, and community and political psychology. Key topics include ageing identities, sexualities, palliative care, stress, health behaviour and dementia, frailty, resilience, ageing in place, transport, independence and community participation. Written in an accessible style suitable for students as well as ageing researchers in psychology and the social sciences, the book showcases key theoretical, empirical, and practical issues in later life.