Anne Schneider | Arizona State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Anne Schneider

Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 1998

Yale Law & Policy Review, 1986

The social construction of group deservedness, governance and policy design

Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Third Edition, 2015

Handbook of Critical Policy Studies

In the face of what seem to be insurmountable differences on one issue after another such as immi... more In the face of what seem to be insurmountable differences on one issue after another such as immigration, global climate change, homeland security, and health care, confidence in conventional categories for capturing what is at stake and processes for negotiating agreement are eroding. Analytical formulations fail to adequately comprehend the entirety of differences that divide opposing parties and strategies for forging agreements fall short. The purpose of this paper is to explore what is meant by “ways of knowing” and how ways of knowing can assist in identifying the roots of contemporary conflict and difficulties in designing public policy that can produce effective action. We join numerous other scholars in moving beyond self interest as the fundamental motivator of political action, and beyond bounded rationality as the primary mode of reasoning. Ways of knowing is an inclusive and flexible concept that embraces many alternative formulations of political motivations and analysis styles. Advantages of this broadened conception include the possibility of more effective mechanisms for avoiding, transcending or bridging disagreements that threaten gridlock or that produce ineffective or damaging policies. To advance this argument, we first provide a practical description of what we mean by “ways of knowing,” as it might be applied to analysis of policy issues. We then explore the various attempts to understand the multiple dimensions in ways of knowing, drawing on a broad literature from philosophy, psychology, evolutionary theory, physics, cognitive psychology, and other fields. The next sections of the paper illustrate with a variety of specific examples how ways of knowing adapt to new circumstances, diffuse to gain prominence, and blend with others to

Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Second Edition (Print Version), 2007

Journal of Criminal Justice, 1996

Quantitative decision models increasingly are replacing human judgment and discretion in criminal... more Quantitative decision models increasingly are replacing human judgment and discretion in criminal justice decision making. Some view this change positively, as they believe discretion is arbitrary and introduces race, class, gender, and other forms of bias into decisions. Others equate the spread of quantitative decision models with the "scientification" of administration and contend that it detracts from professionalism, democracy, and participatory administration. This study examines the implementation process and the role of risk/need assessment instruments for decisions about the proper level of supervision in parole and probation situations. The findings indicate a generally negative or, at best, neutral view toward the instruments, although they were seen as having some value for management and legitimation purposes. Paradoxically, the respondents found it hard to envision a system without them, and a slight majority believed the system was better off with the instruments than with discretionary decisions. One of the intriguing findings is that those who had more confidence in the value of the instruments also were more likely to believe they were personally effective in reducing recidivism, rehabilitating offenders, and reducing the crime rate. In this sense, the scientific status of the risk/need instruments lends perceptual rationality and legitimation to the work of the probation officers.

The American Political Science Review, 1995

Administration & Society, 1991

Public policy almost always seeks to change the behavior of one or more target populations who ar... more Public policy almost always seeks to change the behavior of one or more target populations who are ostensibly linked to the problems the policy is seeking to address. This paper argues that statutory designers and agency officials almost always have a choice from among several potential target groups, and that institutional factors often influence them to make inappropriate choices. Statutory designers, who it is assumed are sensitive to electoral conditions, will tend to oversubscribe some policies by identifying too many targets, including some who are not linked to policy objectives at all. Under other conditions, they will under subscribe, excluding some target groups who would contribute considerably to achievement of policy goals. The institutional conditions and incentives faced by agencies differ from those of elected officials. Therefore, they tend to target policies differently. Under some conditions, agencies will attempt to correct problems introduced by statutory design...

This guide is designed to assist programs in developing, expanding, or improving restitution acti... more This guide is designed to assist programs in developing, expanding, or improving restitution activities for juvenile offenders. The guide is divided into five major sections. Part I focuses on the most fundamental decisions for restitution programs: program philosophy and goals, organizational structure, location within the juvenile justice system, and target population for restitution programs. In part II, three models of restitution programs are identified. The Financial and Community Service Model is described in terms of the basic process of developing, implementing, and enforcing restitution orders, and includes information about employment components and liability issues. The Victim-Offender Mediation and Service Model and the Victim Financial Restitution Model are also described. Part III of this guide concerns program implementation and includes sample forms, a checklist for restitution programming that can be used to implement new programs or to diagnose the needs of existing programs, and suggestions for getting programs started. Program management information systems and continuing evaluation that serves the informational needs of the program are discussed in part IV. Part V contains various papers on resources available to restitution programs: summaries of research findings about the effect of restitution, a review of legal issues, a discussion of employment models, information about federal assistance for restitution, and a bibliography. (NRB)

ED166574 - Portland Forward Records Check of Crime Victims.

Water Resources Update, 1998

The fundamental point to our argument is that public policy performs multiple roles in a democrac... more The fundamental point to our argument is that public policy performs multiple roles in a democracy, only one of which relates to the utilitarian purposes of effectiveness and efficiency that science and technology address. Ideally, the various roles of policy are appropriately ...

Since time immemorial, human societies have constructed differences between people like themselve... more Since time immemorial, human societies have constructed differences between people like themselves and the unfamiliar “others,” who often are viewed with distrust, dislike, and even hatred. Primitive tribes all over the world have considered themselves people chosen by God(s), while others are not so privileged and, perhaps, are not really human beings. In First American languages, a number of indigenous peoples before the European conquest chose names for themselves meaning the people, implying that others were less than people. Similarly, although the roles were reversed, missionaries who accompanied the conquistadors in their mastery of the New World debated whether or not the Indians had souls. A fundamental notion of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution is that all citizens are equal, albeit with citizenship closely circumscribed. Nevertheless, the notion of privileged classes was viewed with disdain, an outmoded custom of Great B...

One of the most dramatic changes in juvenile justice systems in the United States over the past t... more One of the most dramatic changes in juvenile justice systems in the United States over the past two decades has been the increased use of restitution as a sanction for juvenile offenders.1 Restitution refers to actual repayment to the victim by the offender, or symbolic repayment in the form of community service work. In many communities, this change has been accompanied by a shift away from both treatment and punishment as guiding principles of the courts, and toward an emphasis on holding juveniles accountable to the victims of their crimes.

Crime & Delinquency, 1988

The traditional rehabilitation-oriented juvenile justice system handled drug and alcohol users wi... more The traditional rehabilitation-oriented juvenile justice system handled drug and alcohol users with greater leniency than persons involved in any other kind of offense, including other status offenses. Shifts toward an accountability, “justice” orientation, such as that which occurred in Washington State, however, may be accompanied by increased sanctions for juveniles who commit these or other kinds of “victimless” offenses. I discuss pros and cons of three policy alternatives: continuing with the current system in which drug and alcohol use are categorized as misdemeanors, diverstiture of court jurisdiction, or diversion into the mental health system.