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Papers by H. Russell Bernard

Research paper thumbnail of Scale-Up Methods as Applied to Estimates of Heroin use

Journal of Drug Issues, 2006

The feasibility of using the network scale-up method to estimate heroin use is described. A rando... more The feasibility of using the network scale-up method to estimate heroin use is described. A random sample was asked “How many people do you personally know” who use heroin, and how many in other subpopulations – robbery, assault, burglary, auto-theft victims, binge drinkers, and marijuana users – whose size is more accurately known. A model estimated the overall number of persons each respondent knew and the size of each subpopulation. Estimates of the subpopulation are compared with known subpopulation sizes to assess the plausibility of the model. Data came from the 1999 survey evaluating the “Fighting Back” substance prevention program. Fourteen sites with clear political boundaries were used (n = 5892). Heroin use varied from city to city. Rates estimated for heroin use correlated .832 with the level of respondents' sense of “crime in their neighborhood.” The average ratio between the known populations and the estimates is .943. Members of each subpopulation, especially drug...

Research paper thumbnail of The Operating Room: It’s a Small World (and Scale Free Network) After All

Research paper thumbnail of Text analysis: Qualitative and quantitative methods

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching Ethnographic Methods for Cultural Anthropology: Current Practices and Needed Innovation

Teaching Anthropology, 2022

Historically, ethnographic methods were learned by cultural anthropology students in individual r... more Historically, ethnographic methods were learned by cultural anthropology students in individual research projects. This approach creates challenges for teaching in ways that respond to the next generation’s calls to decenter anthropology’s White, heteropatriarchal voices and engage in collaborative community-based research. Analyzing syllabi from 107 ethnographic methods training courses from the United States, we find the tradition of the “lone researcher” persists and is the basis of ethnographic training for the next generation. There is little evidence of either active reflection or team-based pedagogy, both identified as necessary to meet career opportunities and diversification goals for the wider field of cultural anthropology. However, we also find that, by centering the completion of largely individual research projects, most ethnographic methods courses otherwise adhere to best practices in regard to experiential and active learning. Based on the analysis of syllabi in com...

Research paper thumbnail of An introduction to social network analysis

New Directions for Evaluation, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models

Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 2016

We thank the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Adaptive Collaborative Management... more We thank the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Adaptive Collaborative Management Program, the Forest Management Trust, BOLFOR, and Forestal Municipal in Urubicha for their support. Damían I. Rumiz offered expert opinions on wildlife use and study design. Marianne Schmink helped with questionnaires. Jeffrey C. Johnson provided advice with the cultural-consensus analysis. Anonymous reviewers provided valuable advice to improve the manuscript. Joel Cohen provided advice on cognitive studies. Orlando Malarejo and Robert Keeting assisted in logistics. Hildoberto Etea, our assistant, helped to communicate in Guarayo. Umberto and Marilu Huramendaro welcomed us into their home and we also thank the people of Salvatierra for sharing their views about wildlife and life in Salvatierra.

Research paper thumbnail of Social research methods: Qualitiative and quantitative approaches

Research paper thumbnail of Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer

Field Methods, 1992

... Continued on p. 1 Z Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer H. Russell Bernard ... That's t... more ... Continued on p. 1 Z Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer H. Russell Bernard ... That's the good news. The bad news' is that indexing takes time, and indices take up a lot of extra room on your disk drive. Also, if you change you original text, you have to run the index again. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Reanalysis of Boas's Immigrant Data

Research paper thumbnail of A collection of tributes to Linton C. Freeman

Connections (Toronto), 2018

is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, ... more is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, intellectual and social, and the role that Lin and Sue, his wife and partner, played in creating them. Lin's friends, students and colleagues tell us their stories of Lin and through them we learn about Lin the man, the professor, the scientist, the dean, the mentor, the editor, the teacher, the friend, and the networker.

Research paper thumbnail of Publishing your mixed methods article: Journal editors' recommendations

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy I

Research paper thumbnail of Informant Accuracy in Recall of Communications and Perception of One's Place in Global Social Structure and Summary

Abstract : This is a final update on the data tape for a major experiment on accuracy in human re... more Abstract : This is a final update on the data tape for a major experiment on accuracy in human recall of communications. A full report of the experiment may be found in TR BK 119-79 and BK-120-80. (Author)

Research paper thumbnail of Kalymnian Sponge Diving

1. Hum Biol. 1967 May;39(2):103-30. Kalymnian sponge diving. Bernard HR. PMID: 6056269 [PubMed - ... more 1. Hum Biol. 1967 May;39(2):103-30. Kalymnian sponge diving. Bernard HR. PMID: 6056269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: Adolescent; Adult; Diving/mortality*; Greece; Humans; Male; Occupations*.

Research paper thumbnail of About Text Management and Computers by

Research paper thumbnail of The Problem of Informant Accuracy: The Validity of Retrospective Data

Annual Review of Anthropology, 1984

"A measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever" [Wilson (107, p. 232)]. ... more "A measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever" [Wilson (107, p. 232)]. "A serious obstacle in the use of replications for increasing accuracy is the tendency to get closely agreeing repetitions for irrelevant reasons" [Wilson (107, p. 253)]. "My people don't lie to me" (Anonymous Anthropologist).

Research paper thumbnail of Skin Color, Social Classification, and Blood Pressure in Southeastern Puerto Rico

American Journal of Public Health, 2005

Objectives. We tested competing hypotheses for the skin color–blood pressure relationship by anal... more Objectives. We tested competing hypotheses for the skin color–blood pressure relationship by analyzing the association between blood pressure and 2 skin color variables: skin pigmentation and social classification. Methods. We measured skin pigmentation by reflectance spectrophotometry and social classification by linking respondents to ethnographic data on the cultural model of “color” in southeastern Puerto Rico. We used multiple regression analysis to test the associations between these variables and blood pressure in a community-based sample of Puerto Rican adults aged 25–55 years (n=100). Regression models included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), self-reported use of antihypertensive medication, and socioeconomic status (SES). Results. Social classification, but not skin pigmentation, is associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure through a statistical interaction with SES, independent of age, gender, BMI, self-reported use of antihypertensive medication, and skin...

Research paper thumbnail of Pseudomodel of the Small World Problem, A

Soc. F., 1979

Small World Problem / 479 some information; the arguments of Pool and Kochen provide more; but gu... more Small World Problem / 479 some information; the arguments of Pool and Kochen provide more; but guesswork remains necessary. Now, the Markovian assumption is only a model, and models with many adjustable parameters can trivially be tuned to fit the real world. Hence, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Scientists and Crew: A Case Study in Communications at Sea. 2. The Social Efficiency of Conflict Aboard an Oceanographic Research Vessel

Research paper thumbnail of A collection of tributes to Linton C. Freeman

Connections

is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, ... more is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, intellectual and social, and the role that Lin and Sue, his wife and partner, played in creating them. Lin's friends, students and colleagues tell us their stories of Lin and through them we learn about Lin the man, the professor, the scientist, the dean, the mentor, the editor, the teacher, the friend, and the networker.

Research paper thumbnail of Scale-Up Methods as Applied to Estimates of Heroin use

Journal of Drug Issues, 2006

The feasibility of using the network scale-up method to estimate heroin use is described. A rando... more The feasibility of using the network scale-up method to estimate heroin use is described. A random sample was asked “How many people do you personally know” who use heroin, and how many in other subpopulations – robbery, assault, burglary, auto-theft victims, binge drinkers, and marijuana users – whose size is more accurately known. A model estimated the overall number of persons each respondent knew and the size of each subpopulation. Estimates of the subpopulation are compared with known subpopulation sizes to assess the plausibility of the model. Data came from the 1999 survey evaluating the “Fighting Back” substance prevention program. Fourteen sites with clear political boundaries were used (n = 5892). Heroin use varied from city to city. Rates estimated for heroin use correlated .832 with the level of respondents' sense of “crime in their neighborhood.” The average ratio between the known populations and the estimates is .943. Members of each subpopulation, especially drug...

Research paper thumbnail of The Operating Room: It’s a Small World (and Scale Free Network) After All

Research paper thumbnail of Text analysis: Qualitative and quantitative methods

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching Ethnographic Methods for Cultural Anthropology: Current Practices and Needed Innovation

Teaching Anthropology, 2022

Historically, ethnographic methods were learned by cultural anthropology students in individual r... more Historically, ethnographic methods were learned by cultural anthropology students in individual research projects. This approach creates challenges for teaching in ways that respond to the next generation’s calls to decenter anthropology’s White, heteropatriarchal voices and engage in collaborative community-based research. Analyzing syllabi from 107 ethnographic methods training courses from the United States, we find the tradition of the “lone researcher” persists and is the basis of ethnographic training for the next generation. There is little evidence of either active reflection or team-based pedagogy, both identified as necessary to meet career opportunities and diversification goals for the wider field of cultural anthropology. However, we also find that, by centering the completion of largely individual research projects, most ethnographic methods courses otherwise adhere to best practices in regard to experiential and active learning. Based on the analysis of syllabi in com...

Research paper thumbnail of An introduction to social network analysis

New Directions for Evaluation, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models

Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 2016

We thank the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Adaptive Collaborative Management... more We thank the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Adaptive Collaborative Management Program, the Forest Management Trust, BOLFOR, and Forestal Municipal in Urubicha for their support. Damían I. Rumiz offered expert opinions on wildlife use and study design. Marianne Schmink helped with questionnaires. Jeffrey C. Johnson provided advice with the cultural-consensus analysis. Anonymous reviewers provided valuable advice to improve the manuscript. Joel Cohen provided advice on cognitive studies. Orlando Malarejo and Robert Keeting assisted in logistics. Hildoberto Etea, our assistant, helped to communicate in Guarayo. Umberto and Marilu Huramendaro welcomed us into their home and we also thank the people of Salvatierra for sharing their views about wildlife and life in Salvatierra.

Research paper thumbnail of Social research methods: Qualitiative and quantitative approaches

Research paper thumbnail of Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer

Field Methods, 1992

... Continued on p. 1 Z Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer H. Russell Bernard ... That's t... more ... Continued on p. 1 Z Text Managment Programs: Using GOfer H. Russell Bernard ... That's the good news. The bad news' is that indexing takes time, and indices take up a lot of extra room on your disk drive. Also, if you change you original text, you have to run the index again. ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Reanalysis of Boas's Immigrant Data

Research paper thumbnail of A collection of tributes to Linton C. Freeman

Connections (Toronto), 2018

is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, ... more is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, intellectual and social, and the role that Lin and Sue, his wife and partner, played in creating them. Lin's friends, students and colleagues tell us their stories of Lin and through them we learn about Lin the man, the professor, the scientist, the dean, the mentor, the editor, the teacher, the friend, and the networker.

Research paper thumbnail of Publishing your mixed methods article: Journal editors' recommendations

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy I

Research paper thumbnail of Informant Accuracy in Recall of Communications and Perception of One's Place in Global Social Structure and Summary

Abstract : This is a final update on the data tape for a major experiment on accuracy in human re... more Abstract : This is a final update on the data tape for a major experiment on accuracy in human recall of communications. A full report of the experiment may be found in TR BK 119-79 and BK-120-80. (Author)

Research paper thumbnail of Kalymnian Sponge Diving

1. Hum Biol. 1967 May;39(2):103-30. Kalymnian sponge diving. Bernard HR. PMID: 6056269 [PubMed - ... more 1. Hum Biol. 1967 May;39(2):103-30. Kalymnian sponge diving. Bernard HR. PMID: 6056269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: Adolescent; Adult; Diving/mortality*; Greece; Humans; Male; Occupations*.

Research paper thumbnail of About Text Management and Computers by

Research paper thumbnail of The Problem of Informant Accuracy: The Validity of Retrospective Data

Annual Review of Anthropology, 1984

"A measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever" [Wilson (107, p. 232)]. ... more "A measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever" [Wilson (107, p. 232)]. "A serious obstacle in the use of replications for increasing accuracy is the tendency to get closely agreeing repetitions for irrelevant reasons" [Wilson (107, p. 253)]. "My people don't lie to me" (Anonymous Anthropologist).

Research paper thumbnail of Skin Color, Social Classification, and Blood Pressure in Southeastern Puerto Rico

American Journal of Public Health, 2005

Objectives. We tested competing hypotheses for the skin color–blood pressure relationship by anal... more Objectives. We tested competing hypotheses for the skin color–blood pressure relationship by analyzing the association between blood pressure and 2 skin color variables: skin pigmentation and social classification. Methods. We measured skin pigmentation by reflectance spectrophotometry and social classification by linking respondents to ethnographic data on the cultural model of “color” in southeastern Puerto Rico. We used multiple regression analysis to test the associations between these variables and blood pressure in a community-based sample of Puerto Rican adults aged 25–55 years (n=100). Regression models included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), self-reported use of antihypertensive medication, and socioeconomic status (SES). Results. Social classification, but not skin pigmentation, is associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure through a statistical interaction with SES, independent of age, gender, BMI, self-reported use of antihypertensive medication, and skin...

Research paper thumbnail of Pseudomodel of the Small World Problem, A

Soc. F., 1979

Small World Problem / 479 some information; the arguments of Pool and Kochen provide more; but gu... more Small World Problem / 479 some information; the arguments of Pool and Kochen provide more; but guesswork remains necessary. Now, the Markovian assumption is only a model, and models with many adjustable parameters can trivially be tuned to fit the real world. Hence, ...

Research paper thumbnail of Scientists and Crew: A Case Study in Communications at Sea. 2. The Social Efficiency of Conflict Aboard an Oceanographic Research Vessel

Research paper thumbnail of A collection of tributes to Linton C. Freeman

Connections

is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, ... more is meant to remind us that the field of social network analysis is marked by shared connections, intellectual and social, and the role that Lin and Sue, his wife and partner, played in creating them. Lin's friends, students and colleagues tell us their stories of Lin and through them we learn about Lin the man, the professor, the scientist, the dean, the mentor, the editor, the teacher, the friend, and the networker.