Murat Ateş | Namik Kemal University, University of California, Los Angeles (original) (raw)
Papers by Murat Ateş
Journal of Architectural Research and Development, 2018
In the circular economy, bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are i... more In the circular economy, bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are increasingly being used in many industries from packaging to building materials and agricultural products to electronic and biomedical devices, there is an increasing research on the evaluation of bioplastics in architecture, both as a material or as a design element in interior design. Therefore, this article is a step towards understanding the importance of bioplastic materials in the circular economies and in architecture, regarding the negative carbon footprint and long-term environmental effects of fossil-based plastics.
![Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of 2-(3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)- 9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl Methacrylate, Electropolymerization, Characterization and Impedimetric Study](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37206138/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](In this work, 2-(3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methac... more In this work, 2-(3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methacrylate (EDOTCzMetac) was
chemically synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. A novel synthesized comonomer was firstly electropolymerized
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various initial molar concentrations [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0
mM) in 0.1 M tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/acetonitrile (CH3CN). Poly(EDOTCzMetac)/GCE was characterized
by the technique of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Fourier Transform Infrared Reflectance-Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
(FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitive behavior of modified electrode was obtained via EIS method by
the help of Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase, and Admittance plots. The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF) value was
obtained as 4.99 mF cm−2 for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 10.0 mM. Therefore, the synthesized copolymer for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 10mM
has more capacitive behavior than the initial monomer concentration for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 1.0 mM as CLF = 3.63 mF cm−2, for
[EDOTCzMetac]0 = 3.0 mM as CLF = 4.10 mF cm−2 and for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 5.0 mM as CLF = 4.67 mF cm−2. To interpret
the AC impedance spectra, R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR) electrical equivalent circuit was employed with linear Kramers-Kronig test.
© 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.011302jes] All rights reserved.
This review article concentrates on the electrochemical biosensor systems with conducting polymer... more This review article concentrates on the electrochemical biosensor systems with conducting polymers. The
area of electro-active polymers confined to different electrode surfaces has attracted great attention. Polymer
modified carbon substrate electrodes can be designed through polymer screening to provide tremendous
improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the electrode response to detect a
variety of analytes. The electro-active films have been used to entrap different enzymes and/or proteins at
the electrode surface, but without obvious loss of their bioactivity for the development of biosensors.
Electropolymerization is a well-known technique used to immobilize biomaterials to the modified electrode
surface. Polymers might be covalently bonding to enzymes or proteins; therefore, thickness, permeation and
charge transport characteristics of the polymeric films can be easily and precisely controlled by modulating
the electrochemical parameters for various electrochemical techniques, such as chronoamperometry,
chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. This review article is divided
into three main parts as given in the table of contents related to the immobilization process of some important
conducting polymers, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polycarbazole,
polyaniline, polyphenol, poly(o-phenylenediamine), polyacetylene, polyfuran and their derivatives. A total
of 216 references are cited in this review article.
In this study, 3-(2-Aminoethyl thiophene) (2AET) monomer was electropolymerized on glassy carbon ... more In this study, 3-(2-Aminoethyl thiophene)
(2AET) monomer was electropolymerized on glassy carbon
electrode (GCE) using various electrolytes (lithium
perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), tetrabutyl
ammonium tetra fluoroborate (TBABF4) and tetraethyl
ammonium tetra fluoroborate (TEABF4) in
acetonitrile (CH3CN) as solvent. Poly(3-(2-aminoethyl
thiophene) (P(2AET))/GCE was characterized by cyclic
voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance
spectrophotometry (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron
microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results were
given by Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase, capacitance
and admittance plots. The highest low frequency
capacitance (CLF) value obtained was 0.65 mF cm-2 in
0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN for the initial monomer concentration
of 1.5 mM. The highest double layer capacitance
(Cdl = ~0.63 mF cm-2) was obtained in 0.1 M LiClO4/
ACN for [2AET]0 = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM. The maximum
phase angles (h = 76.1o at 26.57 Hz) and conductivity
(Y00 = 3.5 mS) were obtained in TEABF4/ACN for
[2AET]0 = 0.5 and 1.0 mM, respectively. An equivalent
circuit model of R(Q(R(Q(R(CR))))) was simulated for
different electrolytes (LiClO4, NaClO4, TBABF4 and
TEABF4)/P(2AET)/GCE system. A good fitting was
obtained for the calculated experimental and theoretical
EIS measurement results. The electroactivity of P(2AET)/
GCE opens the possibility of using modified coated electrodes
for electrochemical micro-capacitor electrodes and
biosensor applications.
![Research paper thumbnail of A novel synthesis of (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4] dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole), alternating polymer formation, characterization, and capacitance measurements](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36297686/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](In this work, (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole)... more In this work, (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]
[1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole)
(EDOTVBCz) comonomer was chemically synthesized and
characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton
nuclear magnetic resonance, and carbon nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy. EDOTVBCz was electrocoated on
glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various initial molar concentrations
([EDOTVBCz]0=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) in 0.1 M
lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)/acetonitrile (CH3CN).
P(EDOTVBCz)/GCE was characterized by cyclic
voltammetry, FTIR reflectance-attenuated total reflection
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive
X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS was used to
determine the capacitive behaviors of modified GCE via
Nyquist, Bode magnitude, Bode phase, and admittance
plots. The highest low-frequency capacitance value was
obtained as CLF=∼2.35 mF cm−2 for [EDOTVBCz]0=
3.0 mM. Double-layer capacitance of the polymer/electrolyte
system was calculated as Cdl = ∼2.78 mF cm−2 for
[EDOTVBCz]0=1.0 and 3.0 mM. The maximum phase angle
was obtained as θ=∼76.7o for [EDOTVBCz]0=1.0, 1.5, 2.0,
and 3.0 mM at the frequency of 20.6 Hz. AC impedance
spectra of P(EDOTVBCz)/LiClO4/CH3CN was obtained by
performing electrical equivalent circuit model of R(Q(R(CR)))
with linear Kramers–Kronig test.
In this article, 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentane-1-amine, (ThCzPA) comonomer... more In this article, 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)
pentane-1-amine, (ThCzPA) comonomer was newly synthesized
and characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflectanceattenuated
total reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and
1H-NMR spectroscopy. ThCzPA was electrochemically deposited
onto carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME). Poly(ThCzPA)/CFME
is characterized by Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Capacitive behaviors of modified
CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase
plots. The equivalent circuit model of R(Q(R(QR)(Q(RW))) was
used for polymer-electrolyte system. The effect of monomer concentration
(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) on the formation of alternating copolymer
is reported in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The highest low frequency capacitance
(CLF¼5.07 lFcm2 for R(Q(R(QR)(Q(RW))) was obtained in the
initial monomer concentration of 1.5mM.
In this article, 3-methylthiophene (3MTh) and 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentan... more In this article, 3-methylthiophene (3MTh)
and 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentanitrile
(ThCzpN) comonomer were electrochemically deposited
on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide
(PET/ITO) electrode and carbon fiber micro electrode
(CFME) in sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile
(ACN), respectively. ThCzpN comonomer was characterized
by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.
Poly(ThCzpN)/CFME is characterized by cyclic voltammetry
(CV), Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS). The detailed characterization of the
resulting electrocoated poly(3MTh) on PET/ITO thin films
was studied by different techniques, i.e., CV and EIS. The
effects of electrolytes after electrocoated of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS technique in various electrolytes
medium (sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), lithium perchlorate
(LiClO4), tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4),
and tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4)/acetonitrile
(ACN) solution). Capacitive behaviors of modified
PET/ITO electrode were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude,
Bode-Phase, and admittance plots. Variation of capacitance
values by various electrolytes and low-frequency
capacitance (CLF) values are presented. CLF value electrocoated
polymer thin film by CV method in the 0.1M
NaClO4 electrolyte with a charge of 7.898 mC was obtained
about 59.1 mF cm
2. The highest low-frequency capacitance
(CLF) was obtained from the Nyquist plot with [ThCzpN]0
¼ 3 mM as 0.070 mF cm
2. Equivalent circuit model
[R(QR(CR)(RW))(CR)] was suggested for poly(3MTh) on
PET/ITO in four different electrolytes medium.
In this article, 3-Hexyl thiophene (3HTh) monomer was electrocoated on carbon fiber micro electr... more In this article, 3-Hexyl thiophene (3HTh) monomer was electrocoated
on carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME) to study electrochemical
impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis. Poly(3HTh)/
CFME is characterized by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform
infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy
(FTIR-ATR), Scanning electron microscopy-Energy Dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of different monomer concentrations
(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) on polymer were reported in 0.1M tetraethyl
ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution.
The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF¼1.394 mF cm2) was
obtained for [3HTh]0¼0.5mM. The equivalent circuit model of
R(QR(CR)(RW))(CR) was examined for polymer/electrolyte system.
In this work, 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole (BzOCz) and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole (TsP) monomers w... more In this work, 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole
(BzOCz) and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole (TsP) monomers were chemically
synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform
infrared reflectance (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
(1H-NMR) spectroscopy. BzOCz and TsP were electrocoated
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various molar
fractions (XTsP00.5, 0.83, 0.91, and 0.98) in 0.1 M sodium
perchlorate/acetonitrile. The detailed characterization of poly
(BzOCz-co-TsP) was studied by cyclic voltammetry, FTIRattenuated
total reflection spectroscopy and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of different molar
fractions during the preparation of modified electrodes were
studied by EIS technique. The AC impedance technique was
used to determine the capacitive behaviors of modified GCE
via Nyquist, Bode magnitude, and Bode phase plots. The
highest low frequency capacitance value was obtained as
CLF023.94 μF cm−2 for XTsP00.98. Therefore, synthesized
copolymer has more capacitive behavior than its homopolymers,
such as CLF07.5 μF cm−2 for poly(BzOCz) and CLF0
9.44 μF cm−2 for poly(TsP). In order to interpret the AC
impedance spectra, R(Q(RW)) electrical equivalent circuit
was employed with linearKramers–Kronig test. A mechanism
for electropolymerization has been proposed for copolymer
formation.
Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) films were electrodeposited onto carbon fiber micro electrod... more Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) films were electrodeposited onto carbon fiber micro electrodes with different deposition rates by using cyclic voltammogram in the presence of tetraethyl ammonium perchlorate (TEAP) / dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as electrolyte solution. Scan rate effect on the electropolymerization, morphology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic behaviour of modified carbon fiber micro-electrode was investigated. Electro-growth process was achieved by applying various scan rates of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 mVs-1. Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) coated CFMEs were characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the polymer films were characterized by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, capacitive properties were recognized by electrochemical impedance measurements. Capacitive behaviors of coated carbon fiber micro electrodes were defined via Nyquist plots, Bode-Magnitude plot and Bode-phase definitions. As a result, a good correlation was obtained between electro-growth processes, electrochemical impedance data and morphological studies.
![Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-Carbazole: Comparison of an Impedance Study of Poly[9-(4- nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole] on Gold and Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35710797/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](In this study, 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9Hcarbazole (NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized.... more In this study, 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9Hcarbazole
(NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized.
The monomer characterization was performed by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and melting point
analysis. Two different electropolymerizations of NPhSCz
were studied on a gold microelectrode (Au electrode) and
carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) in a 0.1M sodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile solution. The electropolymerization
experiments were done from 1 to 4 mM. The
characterizations of two different modified electrodes of
poly[9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole] [poly(NPhSCz)]
were performed by various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry,
scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive
X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of the initial monomer concentrations (1, 2, 3,
and 4 mM) were examined by EIS. The capacitive behaviors of
the modified electrodes were defined via Nyquist, Bode magnitude,
Bode phase, and admittance plots. The variation of the
low-frequency capacitance (CLF) and double-layer capacitance
(Cdl) values are presented at different initial monomer concentrations.
Poly(NPhSCz)/CFME was more capacitive (CLF
¼
6.66 F/cm2 and Cdl
28 mF) than the Au electrode (CLF
¼
6.53 F/cm2 and Cdl
20 mF). An equivalent circuit model of
R[QR(CR)(RW)](CR), (R: Current, Q: Constant phase element,
C: Double layer capacitance, W: Warburg impedance), was
used to fit the theoretical and experimental data
Methyl pyrrole (N-MPy) and 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomers were electro... more Methyl pyrrole (N-MPy) and 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate
(CzEMA) monomers were electrocopolymerized on carbon
fiber microelectrode (CFME) as an active electrode material. The
electropolymerization of monomers was studied in 0.1Msodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The detailed characterization
of the resulting electrocoated poly(N-MPy-co-CzEMA)/
CFME thin films was studied by various techniques, i.e., cyclic voltammetry
(CV), Scanning electron microscopy – Energy Dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and Electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer mole fractions (mole
fraction, XCzEMA¼nCzEMA/nMPyþnCzEMA) (0.5, 0.66, 0.75, 0.83
and 0.91) during the preparation of modified electrodes were examined
by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of modified CFMEs were defined
via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase and Capacitance plots.
Circuit model of R(Q(R(C(R(C(RW))))))(CR) was suggested to fit
the theoretical and experimental values. The lowest low frequency
capacitance value and total charge (Q¼112.9 mC) during electrodeposition
of polymer thin film by CV method in the mole fraction of
XCzEMA¼0.75 (CLF¼27.2 mF cm2). However, the highest double
layer capacitance of polymer/electrolyte system (C1¼25.4 mF
cm2; C2¼159.1 mF cm2; C3¼4.54 mF cm2) was obtained in
the same mole fraction.
![Research paper thumbnail of Poly(3,5-dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene-co- Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Glassy Carbon Electrode Formation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35660452/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](3,5-Dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene (Thy2DTT) and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ... more 3,5-Dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene (Thy2DTT) and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were electro-copolymerized
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN)/dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) (8:2)
solution. Poly(Thy2DTT-co-EDOT)/GCE thin film was characterized by various techniques, such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV),
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy – Attenuated Transmittance Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy -
Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer mole
fractions (mole fraction, XThy2DTT = nThy2DTT/nEDOT + nThy2DTT) (0.5, 0.66 and 0.83) during the preparation of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of the modified GCE were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase and
Capacitance plots. The circuit model was used to fit the theoretical and experimental data through Kramers-Kronig Transform test.
The lowest frequency capacitance (CLF) value was obtained as CLF = 0.89 mFcm−2 for poly(Thy2DTT). However, the highest CLF
was obtained for the copolymer as CLF = 1.11 mFcm−2 for XThy2DTT = 0.66 and 0.83. Potential application of the copolymer could
be energy-storage devices.
In this work, 9-benzyl-9H-carbazole (BzCz) monomer was chemically synthesized by a new process. I... more In this work, 9-benzyl-9H-carbazole (BzCz) monomer was chemically synthesized by a new process. It was
electrocoated on carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) as an active electrode material in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The electropolymerization process was successfully performed less amount of 3 mM. The
characterization of Poly(BzCz)/CFME thin films was performed by Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total
reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer
concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mM) during the preparation of modified electrodes were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of
modified CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. Variation of capacitance values by initial
monomer concentration and specific capacitance values are presented. The highest specific capacitance value for a
potensiodynamically prepared polymer thin film in the initial monomer concentration of 1 mM with a charge of 4.54 mC cm-2
was obtained about 221.4 μF cm-2. An equivalent circuit model, R(C(R(QR)))(CR), for different concentrations of
Poly(BzCz). CFME was proposed and experimental data were simulated to obtain the numerical values of circuit components
In the title molecule, C18H12N2O4S, the carbazole skeleton is nearly planar [maximum deviation = ... more In the title molecule, C18H12N2O4S, the carbazole skeleton is
nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.037 (1) A ° ] and is
oriented at a dihedral angle of 73.73 (5) with respect to the
benzene ring. An intramolecular C—H O hydrogen bond
links a nitro O atom to the carbazole skeleton. In the crystal,
intermolecular C—H O hydrogen bonds link the molecules
into a three-dimensional network. – contacts between
inversion-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance =
3.7828 (8) A ° ] and two w
This review article focuses on electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of thiophenes on car... more This review article focuses on electrochemical impedance spectroscopic
study of thiophenes on carbon materials, the importance of
which has been realized by recent progress in literature. The review
article has 3 separate sections. In the first part, most of the thiophene
derivatives (thiophene, 3-methylthiphene, 3-hexylthiophene, 3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene, 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, bithiophene,
octylthiophene, 3-dodecylthiophene, 3-terthiophene, 3-phenylthiophene,
3-methoxythiophene) and copolymers of thiophenes have been
reviewed. In the second part, carbon surfaces (carbon fiber microelectrode,
glassy carbon, carbon nanotubes, etc.) were used as effective
electrode materials. In the third part, the electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of thiophenes was explained with
supercapacitors and many different circuit modeling evaluations.
In this paper, copolymer of 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TCz) and pyrrole (Py) comonomers were electroch... more In this paper, copolymer of 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TCz) and pyrrole (Py) comonomers were electrochemically
deposited onto carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME) as an active electrode material. An
electrochemical impedance study on the prepared electrodes is reported. Poly(TCz-co-Py)/CFME is characterized
by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection
spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX),
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Capacitive behaviors of modified CFMEs were defined
via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. An examination is made of which equivalent circuits
of R(C(R(Q(RW)))) and R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR) used for modeling the system. The effect of monomer ratio
(mole fraction, XTCz = nTCz/nTCz + nPy) on the formation of copolymer is reported in 0.1M sodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The inclusion of TCz in the copolymer structure was also
confirmed by FTIR-ATR, SEM, and CV measurements. The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF = 22.7
for R(C(R(Q(RW)))) and CLF = 22.6mFcm−2 for R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR)) were obtained for XTCz = 0.91.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an experimental method for characterizing electro... more Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an experimental method for characterizing electrochemical
systems. This method measures the impedance of the concerned electrochemical system over
a range of frequencies, and therefore the frequency response of the system is determined, including
the energy storage and dissipation properties. The aim of this article is to review articles focusing on
electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies and equivalent electrical circuits of conducting polymers,
such as polypyrrole, polycarbazole, polyaniline, polythiophene and their derivatives, on carbon
surfaces. First, the conducting polymers are introduced. Second, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic
method is explained. Third, the results of EIS applications using equivalent electrical circuits for
conducting polymers taken from the literature are reviewed.
In this contribution, 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomer was chemically synt... more In this contribution, 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)
ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomer was chemically
synthesized. The monomer characterization was performed
by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and melting point
analysis. The electropolymerization of CzEMA was studied
onto carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) as an active
electrode material in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The electropolymerization
experiments were done from 1 mM to 10 mM. The
detailed characterization of the resulting electrocoated Poly
(CzEMA)/CFME thin films was studied by various techniques,
i.e., cyclic voltammetry (CV), Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of initial monomer concentrations (1, 3, 5,
and 10 mM) during the preparation of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of modified
CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, and
Bode-phase plots. Variation of capacitance values by initial
monomer concentration and specific capacitance values are
presented. The highest specific capacitance value electrocoated
polymer thin film by CV method in the initial monomer
concentration of 5 mM with a charge of 52.74 mC was
obtained about 424.1 lF cm
2.
This work reports on the newly synthesized 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TsCz) monomer. Capacitive proper... more This work reports on the newly synthesized 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TsCz) monomer. Capacitive properties of the
electrochemically grown homopolymer, poly(TsCz) film on carbon fibre microelectrode (CFME), are characterised by cyclic
voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different monomer concentrations (1, 3 and
10 mM) were used for electrodeposition in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The capacitive
behaviour of modified CFMEs was defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. An equivalent electrical circuit
R(CR)(QR)(CR) for different concentrations of poly(TsCz)/CFME was proposed and experimental data were simulated
to obtain the numerical values of the circuit components. The Nyquist plot for poly(TsCz) shows the highest specific capacitance
(50.0 mF cm-2) at frequency of 0.01 Hz in the initial monomer concentration of 10 mM.
Journal of Architectural Research and Development, 2018
In the circular economy, bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are i... more In the circular economy, bio-based plastics or bioplastics as emerging innovative materials are increasingly being used in many industries from packaging to building materials and agricultural products to electronic and biomedical devices, there is an increasing research on the evaluation of bioplastics in architecture, both as a material or as a design element in interior design. Therefore, this article is a step towards understanding the importance of bioplastic materials in the circular economies and in architecture, regarding the negative carbon footprint and long-term environmental effects of fossil-based plastics.
In this work, 2-(3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methac... more In this work, 2-(3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl methacrylate (EDOTCzMetac) was
chemically synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. A novel synthesized comonomer was firstly electropolymerized
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various initial molar concentrations [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0
mM) in 0.1 M tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/acetonitrile (CH3CN). Poly(EDOTCzMetac)/GCE was characterized
by the technique of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Fourier Transform Infrared Reflectance-Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy
(FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The capacitive behavior of modified electrode was obtained via EIS method by
the help of Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase, and Admittance plots. The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF) value was
obtained as 4.99 mF cm−2 for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 10.0 mM. Therefore, the synthesized copolymer for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 10mM
has more capacitive behavior than the initial monomer concentration for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 1.0 mM as CLF = 3.63 mF cm−2, for
[EDOTCzMetac]0 = 3.0 mM as CLF = 4.10 mF cm−2 and for [EDOTCzMetac]0 = 5.0 mM as CLF = 4.67 mF cm−2. To interpret
the AC impedance spectra, R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR) electrical equivalent circuit was employed with linear Kramers-Kronig test.
© 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.011302jes] All rights reserved.
This review article concentrates on the electrochemical biosensor systems with conducting polymer... more This review article concentrates on the electrochemical biosensor systems with conducting polymers. The
area of electro-active polymers confined to different electrode surfaces has attracted great attention. Polymer
modified carbon substrate electrodes can be designed through polymer screening to provide tremendous
improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the electrode response to detect a
variety of analytes. The electro-active films have been used to entrap different enzymes and/or proteins at
the electrode surface, but without obvious loss of their bioactivity for the development of biosensors.
Electropolymerization is a well-known technique used to immobilize biomaterials to the modified electrode
surface. Polymers might be covalently bonding to enzymes or proteins; therefore, thickness, permeation and
charge transport characteristics of the polymeric films can be easily and precisely controlled by modulating
the electrochemical parameters for various electrochemical techniques, such as chronoamperometry,
chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. This review article is divided
into three main parts as given in the table of contents related to the immobilization process of some important
conducting polymers, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polycarbazole,
polyaniline, polyphenol, poly(o-phenylenediamine), polyacetylene, polyfuran and their derivatives. A total
of 216 references are cited in this review article.
In this study, 3-(2-Aminoethyl thiophene) (2AET) monomer was electropolymerized on glassy carbon ... more In this study, 3-(2-Aminoethyl thiophene)
(2AET) monomer was electropolymerized on glassy carbon
electrode (GCE) using various electrolytes (lithium
perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), tetrabutyl
ammonium tetra fluoroborate (TBABF4) and tetraethyl
ammonium tetra fluoroborate (TEABF4) in
acetonitrile (CH3CN) as solvent. Poly(3-(2-aminoethyl
thiophene) (P(2AET))/GCE was characterized by cyclic
voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance
spectrophotometry (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron
microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results were
given by Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase, capacitance
and admittance plots. The highest low frequency
capacitance (CLF) value obtained was 0.65 mF cm-2 in
0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN for the initial monomer concentration
of 1.5 mM. The highest double layer capacitance
(Cdl = ~0.63 mF cm-2) was obtained in 0.1 M LiClO4/
ACN for [2AET]0 = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM. The maximum
phase angles (h = 76.1o at 26.57 Hz) and conductivity
(Y00 = 3.5 mS) were obtained in TEABF4/ACN for
[2AET]0 = 0.5 and 1.0 mM, respectively. An equivalent
circuit model of R(Q(R(Q(R(CR))))) was simulated for
different electrolytes (LiClO4, NaClO4, TBABF4 and
TEABF4)/P(2AET)/GCE system. A good fitting was
obtained for the calculated experimental and theoretical
EIS measurement results. The electroactivity of P(2AET)/
GCE opens the possibility of using modified coated electrodes
for electrochemical micro-capacitor electrodes and
biosensor applications.
In this work, (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole)... more In this work, (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]
[1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole)
(EDOTVBCz) comonomer was chemically synthesized and
characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton
nuclear magnetic resonance, and carbon nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy. EDOTVBCz was electrocoated on
glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various initial molar concentrations
([EDOTVBCz]0=1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) in 0.1 M
lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)/acetonitrile (CH3CN).
P(EDOTVBCz)/GCE was characterized by cyclic
voltammetry, FTIR reflectance-attenuated total reflection
spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive
X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS was used to
determine the capacitive behaviors of modified GCE via
Nyquist, Bode magnitude, Bode phase, and admittance
plots. The highest low-frequency capacitance value was
obtained as CLF=∼2.35 mF cm−2 for [EDOTVBCz]0=
3.0 mM. Double-layer capacitance of the polymer/electrolyte
system was calculated as Cdl = ∼2.78 mF cm−2 for
[EDOTVBCz]0=1.0 and 3.0 mM. The maximum phase angle
was obtained as θ=∼76.7o for [EDOTVBCz]0=1.0, 1.5, 2.0,
and 3.0 mM at the frequency of 20.6 Hz. AC impedance
spectra of P(EDOTVBCz)/LiClO4/CH3CN was obtained by
performing electrical equivalent circuit model of R(Q(R(CR)))
with linear Kramers–Kronig test.
In this article, 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentane-1-amine, (ThCzPA) comonomer... more In this article, 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl)
pentane-1-amine, (ThCzPA) comonomer was newly synthesized
and characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflectanceattenuated
total reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and
1H-NMR spectroscopy. ThCzPA was electrochemically deposited
onto carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME). Poly(ThCzPA)/CFME
is characterized by Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Capacitive behaviors of modified
CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase
plots. The equivalent circuit model of R(Q(R(QR)(Q(RW))) was
used for polymer-electrolyte system. The effect of monomer concentration
(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) on the formation of alternating copolymer
is reported in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The highest low frequency capacitance
(CLF¼5.07 lFcm2 for R(Q(R(QR)(Q(RW))) was obtained in the
initial monomer concentration of 1.5mM.
In this article, 3-methylthiophene (3MTh) and 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentan... more In this article, 3-methylthiophene (3MTh)
and 5-(3,6-di(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-carbazole-9-yl) pentanitrile
(ThCzpN) comonomer were electrochemically deposited
on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/indium tin oxide
(PET/ITO) electrode and carbon fiber micro electrode
(CFME) in sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile
(ACN), respectively. ThCzpN comonomer was characterized
by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.
Poly(ThCzpN)/CFME is characterized by cyclic voltammetry
(CV), Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS). The detailed characterization of the
resulting electrocoated poly(3MTh) on PET/ITO thin films
was studied by different techniques, i.e., CV and EIS. The
effects of electrolytes after electrocoated of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS technique in various electrolytes
medium (sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), lithium perchlorate
(LiClO4), tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4),
and tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF4)/acetonitrile
(ACN) solution). Capacitive behaviors of modified
PET/ITO electrode were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude,
Bode-Phase, and admittance plots. Variation of capacitance
values by various electrolytes and low-frequency
capacitance (CLF) values are presented. CLF value electrocoated
polymer thin film by CV method in the 0.1M
NaClO4 electrolyte with a charge of 7.898 mC was obtained
about 59.1 mF cm
2. The highest low-frequency capacitance
(CLF) was obtained from the Nyquist plot with [ThCzpN]0
¼ 3 mM as 0.070 mF cm
2. Equivalent circuit model
[R(QR(CR)(RW))(CR)] was suggested for poly(3MTh) on
PET/ITO in four different electrolytes medium.
In this article, 3-Hexyl thiophene (3HTh) monomer was electrocoated on carbon fiber micro electr... more In this article, 3-Hexyl thiophene (3HTh) monomer was electrocoated
on carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME) to study electrochemical
impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis. Poly(3HTh)/
CFME is characterized by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform
infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy
(FTIR-ATR), Scanning electron microscopy-Energy Dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of different monomer concentrations
(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM) on polymer were reported in 0.1M tetraethyl
ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution.
The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF¼1.394 mF cm2) was
obtained for [3HTh]0¼0.5mM. The equivalent circuit model of
R(QR(CR)(RW))(CR) was examined for polymer/electrolyte system.
In this work, 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole (BzOCz) and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole (TsP) monomers w... more In this work, 9-(2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole
(BzOCz) and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole (TsP) monomers were chemically
synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform
infrared reflectance (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
(1H-NMR) spectroscopy. BzOCz and TsP were electrocoated
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in various molar
fractions (XTsP00.5, 0.83, 0.91, and 0.98) in 0.1 M sodium
perchlorate/acetonitrile. The detailed characterization of poly
(BzOCz-co-TsP) was studied by cyclic voltammetry, FTIRattenuated
total reflection spectroscopy and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of different molar
fractions during the preparation of modified electrodes were
studied by EIS technique. The AC impedance technique was
used to determine the capacitive behaviors of modified GCE
via Nyquist, Bode magnitude, and Bode phase plots. The
highest low frequency capacitance value was obtained as
CLF023.94 μF cm−2 for XTsP00.98. Therefore, synthesized
copolymer has more capacitive behavior than its homopolymers,
such as CLF07.5 μF cm−2 for poly(BzOCz) and CLF0
9.44 μF cm−2 for poly(TsP). In order to interpret the AC
impedance spectra, R(Q(RW)) electrical equivalent circuit
was employed with linearKramers–Kronig test. A mechanism
for electropolymerization has been proposed for copolymer
formation.
Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) films were electrodeposited onto carbon fiber micro electrod... more Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) films were electrodeposited onto carbon fiber micro electrodes with different deposition rates by using cyclic voltammogram in the presence of tetraethyl ammonium perchlorate (TEAP) / dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as electrolyte solution. Scan rate effect on the electropolymerization, morphology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic behaviour of modified carbon fiber micro-electrode was investigated. Electro-growth process was achieved by applying various scan rates of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 mVs-1. Poly(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-Pyrrole) coated CFMEs were characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Surface morphology of the polymer films were characterized by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, capacitive properties were recognized by electrochemical impedance measurements. Capacitive behaviors of coated carbon fiber micro electrodes were defined via Nyquist plots, Bode-Magnitude plot and Bode-phase definitions. As a result, a good correlation was obtained between electro-growth processes, electrochemical impedance data and morphological studies.
In this study, 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9Hcarbazole (NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized.... more In this study, 9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9Hcarbazole
(NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized.
The monomer characterization was performed by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and melting point
analysis. Two different electropolymerizations of NPhSCz
were studied on a gold microelectrode (Au electrode) and
carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) in a 0.1M sodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile solution. The electropolymerization
experiments were done from 1 to 4 mM. The
characterizations of two different modified electrodes of
poly[9-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole] [poly(NPhSCz)]
were performed by various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry,
scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive
X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of the initial monomer concentrations (1, 2, 3,
and 4 mM) were examined by EIS. The capacitive behaviors of
the modified electrodes were defined via Nyquist, Bode magnitude,
Bode phase, and admittance plots. The variation of the
low-frequency capacitance (CLF) and double-layer capacitance
(Cdl) values are presented at different initial monomer concentrations.
Poly(NPhSCz)/CFME was more capacitive (CLF
¼
6.66 F/cm2 and Cdl
28 mF) than the Au electrode (CLF
¼
6.53 F/cm2 and Cdl
20 mF). An equivalent circuit model of
R[QR(CR)(RW)](CR), (R: Current, Q: Constant phase element,
C: Double layer capacitance, W: Warburg impedance), was
used to fit the theoretical and experimental data
Methyl pyrrole (N-MPy) and 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomers were electro... more Methyl pyrrole (N-MPy) and 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate
(CzEMA) monomers were electrocopolymerized on carbon
fiber microelectrode (CFME) as an active electrode material. The
electropolymerization of monomers was studied in 0.1Msodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The detailed characterization
of the resulting electrocoated poly(N-MPy-co-CzEMA)/
CFME thin films was studied by various techniques, i.e., cyclic voltammetry
(CV), Scanning electron microscopy – Energy Dispersive
X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and Electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer mole fractions (mole
fraction, XCzEMA¼nCzEMA/nMPyþnCzEMA) (0.5, 0.66, 0.75, 0.83
and 0.91) during the preparation of modified electrodes were examined
by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of modified CFMEs were defined
via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase and Capacitance plots.
Circuit model of R(Q(R(C(R(C(RW))))))(CR) was suggested to fit
the theoretical and experimental values. The lowest low frequency
capacitance value and total charge (Q¼112.9 mC) during electrodeposition
of polymer thin film by CV method in the mole fraction of
XCzEMA¼0.75 (CLF¼27.2 mF cm2). However, the highest double
layer capacitance of polymer/electrolyte system (C1¼25.4 mF
cm2; C2¼159.1 mF cm2; C3¼4.54 mF cm2) was obtained in
the same mole fraction.
3,5-Dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene (Thy2DTT) and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) ... more 3,5-Dithiophene-2-yldithieno[3,2-b;2,3-d]thiophene (Thy2DTT) and ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were electro-copolymerized
on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN)/dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) (8:2)
solution. Poly(Thy2DTT-co-EDOT)/GCE thin film was characterized by various techniques, such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV),
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy – Attenuated Transmittance Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy -
Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer mole
fractions (mole fraction, XThy2DTT = nThy2DTT/nEDOT + nThy2DTT) (0.5, 0.66 and 0.83) during the preparation of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of the modified GCE were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, Bode-phase and
Capacitance plots. The circuit model was used to fit the theoretical and experimental data through Kramers-Kronig Transform test.
The lowest frequency capacitance (CLF) value was obtained as CLF = 0.89 mFcm−2 for poly(Thy2DTT). However, the highest CLF
was obtained for the copolymer as CLF = 1.11 mFcm−2 for XThy2DTT = 0.66 and 0.83. Potential application of the copolymer could
be energy-storage devices.
In this work, 9-benzyl-9H-carbazole (BzCz) monomer was chemically synthesized by a new process. I... more In this work, 9-benzyl-9H-carbazole (BzCz) monomer was chemically synthesized by a new process. It was
electrocoated on carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) as an active electrode material in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The electropolymerization process was successfully performed less amount of 3 mM. The
characterization of Poly(BzCz)/CFME thin films was performed by Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total
reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of monomer
concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mM) during the preparation of modified electrodes were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of
modified CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. Variation of capacitance values by initial
monomer concentration and specific capacitance values are presented. The highest specific capacitance value for a
potensiodynamically prepared polymer thin film in the initial monomer concentration of 1 mM with a charge of 4.54 mC cm-2
was obtained about 221.4 μF cm-2. An equivalent circuit model, R(C(R(QR)))(CR), for different concentrations of
Poly(BzCz). CFME was proposed and experimental data were simulated to obtain the numerical values of circuit components
In the title molecule, C18H12N2O4S, the carbazole skeleton is nearly planar [maximum deviation = ... more In the title molecule, C18H12N2O4S, the carbazole skeleton is
nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.037 (1) A ° ] and is
oriented at a dihedral angle of 73.73 (5) with respect to the
benzene ring. An intramolecular C—H O hydrogen bond
links a nitro O atom to the carbazole skeleton. In the crystal,
intermolecular C—H O hydrogen bonds link the molecules
into a three-dimensional network. – contacts between
inversion-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance =
3.7828 (8) A ° ] and two w
This review article focuses on electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of thiophenes on car... more This review article focuses on electrochemical impedance spectroscopic
study of thiophenes on carbon materials, the importance of
which has been realized by recent progress in literature. The review
article has 3 separate sections. In the first part, most of the thiophene
derivatives (thiophene, 3-methylthiphene, 3-hexylthiophene, 3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene, 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, bithiophene,
octylthiophene, 3-dodecylthiophene, 3-terthiophene, 3-phenylthiophene,
3-methoxythiophene) and copolymers of thiophenes have been
reviewed. In the second part, carbon surfaces (carbon fiber microelectrode,
glassy carbon, carbon nanotubes, etc.) were used as effective
electrode materials. In the third part, the electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of thiophenes was explained with
supercapacitors and many different circuit modeling evaluations.
In this paper, copolymer of 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TCz) and pyrrole (Py) comonomers were electroch... more In this paper, copolymer of 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TCz) and pyrrole (Py) comonomers were electrochemically
deposited onto carbon fiber micro electrode (CFME) as an active electrode material. An
electrochemical impedance study on the prepared electrodes is reported. Poly(TCz-co-Py)/CFME is characterized
by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection
spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX),
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Capacitive behaviors of modified CFMEs were defined
via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. An examination is made of which equivalent circuits
of R(C(R(Q(RW)))) and R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR) used for modeling the system. The effect of monomer ratio
(mole fraction, XTCz = nTCz/nTCz + nPy) on the formation of copolymer is reported in 0.1M sodium perchlorate
(NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The inclusion of TCz in the copolymer structure was also
confirmed by FTIR-ATR, SEM, and CV measurements. The highest low frequency capacitance (CLF = 22.7
for R(C(R(Q(RW)))) and CLF = 22.6mFcm−2 for R(C(R(Q(RW))))(CR)) were obtained for XTCz = 0.91.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an experimental method for characterizing electro... more Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an experimental method for characterizing electrochemical
systems. This method measures the impedance of the concerned electrochemical system over
a range of frequencies, and therefore the frequency response of the system is determined, including
the energy storage and dissipation properties. The aim of this article is to review articles focusing on
electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies and equivalent electrical circuits of conducting polymers,
such as polypyrrole, polycarbazole, polyaniline, polythiophene and their derivatives, on carbon
surfaces. First, the conducting polymers are introduced. Second, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic
method is explained. Third, the results of EIS applications using equivalent electrical circuits for
conducting polymers taken from the literature are reviewed.
In this contribution, 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomer was chemically synt... more In this contribution, 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)
ethyl methacrylate (CzEMA) monomer was chemically
synthesized. The monomer characterization was performed
by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and melting point
analysis. The electropolymerization of CzEMA was studied
onto carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) as an active
electrode material in 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/
acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The electropolymerization
experiments were done from 1 mM to 10 mM. The
detailed characterization of the resulting electrocoated Poly
(CzEMA)/CFME thin films was studied by various techniques,
i.e., cyclic voltammetry (CV), Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS). The effects of initial monomer concentrations (1, 3, 5,
and 10 mM) during the preparation of modified electrodes
were examined by EIS. Capacitive behaviors of modified
CFMEs were defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude, and
Bode-phase plots. Variation of capacitance values by initial
monomer concentration and specific capacitance values are
presented. The highest specific capacitance value electrocoated
polymer thin film by CV method in the initial monomer
concentration of 5 mM with a charge of 52.74 mC was
obtained about 424.1 lF cm
2.
This work reports on the newly synthesized 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TsCz) monomer. Capacitive proper... more This work reports on the newly synthesized 9-tosyl-9H-carbazole (TsCz) monomer. Capacitive properties of the
electrochemically grown homopolymer, poly(TsCz) film on carbon fibre microelectrode (CFME), are characterised by cyclic
voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared reflectance-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different monomer concentrations (1, 3 and
10 mM) were used for electrodeposition in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution. The capacitive
behaviour of modified CFMEs was defined via Nyquist, Bode-magnitude and Bode-phase plots. An equivalent electrical circuit
R(CR)(QR)(CR) for different concentrations of poly(TsCz)/CFME was proposed and experimental data were simulated
to obtain the numerical values of the circuit components. The Nyquist plot for poly(TsCz) shows the highest specific capacitance
(50.0 mF cm-2) at frequency of 0.01 Hz in the initial monomer concentration of 10 mM.
Scientific committe membership, Namik Kemal University, Research Development and Project Days, 1... more Scientific committe membership, Namik Kemal University, Research Development and Project Days, 14-15 May 2014, Tekirdag, TURKEY.
Electropolymerization of Carbazole on Carbon fiber microelectrodes: its Characterization performe... more Electropolymerization of Carbazole on Carbon fiber microelectrodes: its Characterization performed by CV, FTIR-ATR, SEM and AFM. Sensing against Dopamine, Ulusal Nanobilim ve Nanoteknoloji Konferansı, Nanotr4, istanbul Technical University, (Oral Presentation, NanoBioIII) June-09-13, 2008, Istanbul, TURKEY.
Sanayiye Yönelik Teknik Analiz Laloratuarları ARGEPP 2008, ARGE Proje Pazarı, Selcuk University T... more Sanayiye Yönelik Teknik Analiz Laloratuarları ARGEPP 2008, ARGE Proje Pazarı, Selcuk University Technological Development Region, (PF-45) 14-June-2008, Konya, TURKEY.
Sezgin, S., Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Electropolymerization of pyrrole, phenylpyrrole and methoxyphe... more Sezgin, S., Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Electropolymerization of pyrrole, phenylpyrrole and methoxyphenylpyrrole / carbon fiber microelectrodes and substitution effect on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and correlation with theoretical equivalent circuits 2. Ulusal Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi Kongre ve Sergisi, (Poster Presentation-ILP-008) 30 April-02 May 2008, Sanlıurfa, TURKEY.
Dolas, H., Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Farklı çözücülerin karbon fibere kaplanmış karbazol üzerindeki ... more Dolas, H., Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Farklı çözücülerin karbon fibere kaplanmış karbazol üzerindeki etkilerinin elektrokimyasal yöntemlerle incelenmesi 2. Ulusal Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi Kongre ve Sergisi, (Poster Presentation, s.75-ILP-007)30 April-02 May 2008, Sanlıurfa, TURKEY.
Karbazol ve p-toluyilsulfonil pirol monomerlerinin karbon elyaf mikro elektrot üzerine kopolimeri... more Karbazol ve p-toluyilsulfonil pirol monomerlerinin karbon elyaf mikro elektrot üzerine kopolimerizasyonu, karakterizasyonu ve mikron düzeyindeki ince filmin elektrokimyasal özellikleri 1. Ulusal Polimer Kongresi ve Sergisi, METU, 21-23 June 2006.(Oral Presentation, ILP_006), Ankara, TURKEY.
Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Karbazol ve p-toliyilsulfonil pirol ile modifiye edilmiş karbon elyaf mikr... more Ates, M., Sarac, A.S., Karbazol ve p-toliyilsulfonil pirol ile modifiye edilmiş karbon elyaf mikro elektrot ile dopamin tayini 1. Ulusal Polimer Kongresi ve Sergisi, METU, (Poster Presantation-ILP-007) 21-23 June 2006, Ankara, TURKEY.