Frits Pannekoek | Athabasca University (original) (raw)

Papers by Frits Pannekoek

Three evangelical Protestant denominations, the Anglicans, Methodists and Presbyterians establish... more Three evangelical Protestant denominations, the Anglicans, Methodists and Presbyterians established missions in the Canadian West from 1820 to 1870.' Their success was marginal, with no missionary achieving the ultimate goal of self-sufficient and predominantly agricultural communities. Their existence was never more than fragile. Agriculture was retarded, only in a few cases spontaneous, and always ancillary to hunting and "tripping". 2 56 PROTESTANT AGRICULTURAL ZIONS FOR THE WESTERN INDIAN Initially agriculture was to play only a minor role in the evangelization of Rupert's Land. Benjamin Harrison, the Evangelical on the London Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Rev. John West, the first Anglican clergyman in the West, and George Simpson, the all powerful governor of Rupert's Land, envisaged nothing as elaborate as a network of agricultural settlements. A school was to be established at Red River for the education of the Indian children. Agriculture's only function would be to recover the Indian youths from their "savage habits and customs," and to reduce the expense to the Church Missionary Society of keeping the children. After the completion of their education, they were to be returned to their relatives in the interior where, it was hoped, they would spread the Christian gospel. 3 This early scheme never came to maturity and was completely abandoned in the late 1820's by both the Hudson's Bay Company and the Society. West's successor, the Rev. David Jones, was convinced that sending the Indian boys into the wilderness to propagate the gospel would result in failure. Their Christianity was too fragile. At the same time he was at a loss as to their future. He feared that the habits and disposition of the Indian would "burst over the feeble barrier of the School-boy's restraint." 4

Canadian Ethnic Studies, Sep 22, 2012

International Journal of Cultural Property, Feb 1, 2008

The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in the U N E S C O... more The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in the U N E S C O declarations and practices has changed over the last few years. The World Heritage Convention is continuing to evolve its definitions to reflect the increasing complexities of world cultures as they grapple with the heritage conservation policies that reflect their multiple stakeholders. They are also integrating a greater cultural perspective in their recent resolutions to the convention. Although the links between nature and culture have been clarified through this new attention to cultural landscapes, many countries and their bureaucracies have not yet adopted these new perspectives. The article suggests that to achieve an integrated approach to conservation, national, regional, and international bodies and their professionals must be involved. Two examples are discussed to address the shortcomings of the application of the convention and to illustrate the complexities of defining and conserving cultural landscapes.

University of Calgary Press eBooks, 1998

refute. Nevertheless Flanagan has meaning, but that motive for writing & ati g Met is Rights ~S S... more refute. Nevertheless Flanagan has meaning, but that motive for writing & ati g Met is Rights ~S S~M Y tainted his impartiality forever. I~O U M always examined, and His future interpretations must. to some thatsuchmotivesarenotalwaysobvious.

In the many studies of the Red River Settlement written since 1856, the prime factors affecting t... more In the many studies of the Red River Settlement written since 1856, the prime factors affecting the Settlement have been variously conceived as economic, geographic or political. In contrast to the traditional historical studies exploring these external influences, recent writings have dealt with the internal dynamics of the community as the source of development and change. RESUME Dans les nombreuses etudes r£alisees depuis 1856 sur la colonie de la Riviere Rouge, les facteurs primordiaux affectant cette colonie ont ete percu comme etant d'ordre economique, geographique ou politique. Par opposition avec les etudes historiques traditionnelles explorant ces influences externes, de recentes etudes ont traite de la dynamique interne de la communaute comme etant la source de developpement et de changement.

University of Calgary Press eBooks, Oct 11, 2018

The author has provided a thought-provoking analysis of the origins and influences of the heritag... more The author has provided a thought-provoking analysis of the origins and influences of the heritage interpretation field in Alberta. He explores the effect successive generations of immigrants have had on the culture of the province, and how these waves of immigration have been reflected in our cultural institutions. Finally, he discusses some possible correctives aimed at developing a more cohesive, integrated whole. L'auteur fournit une analyse inspirante des origines et des influences du domaine de I'interpretation du patrimoine en Alberta. I etudie I'effet que les generations successives d'immigrants ont eu sur la culture de la province et comment ces vagues d'immigration se refletent dans nos institutions culturelles. Enfin, il examine certaines mesures correctives visant a developper un tout cohesif et solidaire. This paper was delivered to the Montana State Historical Society. August 1994

American Indian Quarterly, 1979

REVIEWS farming, the dust bowl, centre pivot irrigation, and resource utilization in the future. ... more REVIEWS farming, the dust bowl, centre pivot irrigation, and resource utilization in the future. The amount of background information is immense, usually including material on the origins of cultivated crops. The book contains assessments of the impact of immigrant groups on American agriculture, the role of slavery, water problems in the West, and of a host of other topics including ocean farms. The bibliography upon which it is based is monumental but the reader will sometimes be left wondering if we really need to cover so much detail and go so far back in time ? One wonders, for example, if an outline of medieval farming in England is needed, particularly when it contains the statement that "the British recognized their agricultural problem and began enclosing individual properties about AD 1200 and by the year 1800 enclosure became compulsory by an act of parliament". Overall this book is full of interest; the author is particularly insistent in stressing the need for sound conservation practices.

Intended to preserve Alberta's heritage— particularly in the dynamic decade that saw oil, agr... more Intended to preserve Alberta's heritage— particularly in the dynamic decade that saw oil, agricultural, urban, and pulp development—the Act symbolized the fact that Alberta was a modern state, with a responsibility for preserving its rich heritage. One suspects that it met no real opposition because many believed that Alberta had no heritage—in any case, not in the European or Eastern Canadian sense. If Albertans had any heritage, it was that of Alberta's Natives. Perhaps that is why archaeology became a primary focus of the Act in the years following its proclamation. Much admired throughout Canada, the Act served as the model for other provinces. However, to many, the Act failed in its initial promise to preserve Alberta's historic buildings. There are several reasons: weak drafting, timidity in implementation, a focus on archaeology within the historic resource impact assessment process, and developer resistance. This is not to suggest that the Act has not had an impa...

The Development of a Field and New Directions FRITS PANNEKOEK UNTIL RECENTLY, sources for Metis s... more The Development of a Field and New Directions FRITS PANNEKOEK UNTIL RECENTLY, sources for Metis studies have been few both for classroom use as well as academic reflection. Lately, there has been a virtual explosion of interest, although largely among non-Metis historians. Now this too has begun to change. A new dynamic is also forcing Metis historiography out of the bog of Red River in which some argue it has been mired for too long. The writings of the previous decades have already been examined from a historiographical perspective in several excellent articles. 1 Rather than updating these useful exercises, an alternative is to examine the new literature from a topical perspective, posing questions and suggesting new avenues of investigation. The current literature is the reflection of scholarly concerns of the last two decades and fit into six basic themes or areas: the origins of the Metis people, the historic Metis of the fur trade period of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Metis Diaspora of the mid to late nineteenth century, the revival of Metis consciousness in the twentieth century, Metis land claims, and Metis women's history. A case could be made that the beginning point in each of these areas are the great icons of Metis historiography:

Publication models for scholarly monographs, featuring the pioneering work of Athabasca Universit... more Publication models for scholarly monographs, featuring the pioneering work of Athabasca University Press, Canada’s first open access press. Dr. Frits Pannekoek, president of Athabasca University, will discuss the vision and the challenges of editing, producing and distributing paper books, while licensing the free download of the full text

... 114,1979. , _____. "Motherwell Homestead Archaeology Project,&qu... more ... 114,1979. , _____. "Motherwell Homestead Archaeology Project," no. 76,1978. Buggey, Susan. "Period Gardens in Canada; A Researcher's Resources,"no. 87,1978. Candow, James E. "Prairie Region Archaeology, 1981,"no. 181,1982. Cullen, Mary. ...

Three evangelical Protestant denominations, the Anglicans, Methodists and Presbyterians establish... more Three evangelical Protestant denominations, the Anglicans, Methodists and Presbyterians established missions in the Canadian West from 1820 to 1870.' Their success was marginal, with no missionary achieving the ultimate goal of self-sufficient and predominantly agricultural communities. Their existence was never more than fragile. Agriculture was retarded, only in a few cases spontaneous, and always ancillary to hunting and "tripping". 2 56 PROTESTANT AGRICULTURAL ZIONS FOR THE WESTERN INDIAN Initially agriculture was to play only a minor role in the evangelization of Rupert's Land. Benjamin Harrison, the Evangelical on the London Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Rev. John West, the first Anglican clergyman in the West, and George Simpson, the all powerful governor of Rupert's Land, envisaged nothing as elaborate as a network of agricultural settlements. A school was to be established at Red River for the education of the Indian children. Agriculture's only function would be to recover the Indian youths from their "savage habits and customs," and to reduce the expense to the Church Missionary Society of keeping the children. After the completion of their education, they were to be returned to their relatives in the interior where, it was hoped, they would spread the Christian gospel. 3 This early scheme never came to maturity and was completely abandoned in the late 1820's by both the Hudson's Bay Company and the Society. West's successor, the Rev. David Jones, was convinced that sending the Indian boys into the wilderness to propagate the gospel would result in failure. Their Christianity was too fragile. At the same time he was at a loss as to their future. He feared that the habits and disposition of the Indian would "burst over the feeble barrier of the School-boy's restraint." 4

Canadian Ethnic Studies, Sep 22, 2012

International Journal of Cultural Property, Feb 1, 2008

The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in the U N E S C O... more The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in the U N E S C O declarations and practices has changed over the last few years. The World Heritage Convention is continuing to evolve its definitions to reflect the increasing complexities of world cultures as they grapple with the heritage conservation policies that reflect their multiple stakeholders. They are also integrating a greater cultural perspective in their recent resolutions to the convention. Although the links between nature and culture have been clarified through this new attention to cultural landscapes, many countries and their bureaucracies have not yet adopted these new perspectives. The article suggests that to achieve an integrated approach to conservation, national, regional, and international bodies and their professionals must be involved. Two examples are discussed to address the shortcomings of the application of the convention and to illustrate the complexities of defining and conserving cultural landscapes.

University of Calgary Press eBooks, 1998

refute. Nevertheless Flanagan has meaning, but that motive for writing & ati g Met is Rights ~S S... more refute. Nevertheless Flanagan has meaning, but that motive for writing & ati g Met is Rights ~S S~M Y tainted his impartiality forever. I~O U M always examined, and His future interpretations must. to some thatsuchmotivesarenotalwaysobvious.

In the many studies of the Red River Settlement written since 1856, the prime factors affecting t... more In the many studies of the Red River Settlement written since 1856, the prime factors affecting the Settlement have been variously conceived as economic, geographic or political. In contrast to the traditional historical studies exploring these external influences, recent writings have dealt with the internal dynamics of the community as the source of development and change. RESUME Dans les nombreuses etudes r£alisees depuis 1856 sur la colonie de la Riviere Rouge, les facteurs primordiaux affectant cette colonie ont ete percu comme etant d'ordre economique, geographique ou politique. Par opposition avec les etudes historiques traditionnelles explorant ces influences externes, de recentes etudes ont traite de la dynamique interne de la communaute comme etant la source de developpement et de changement.

University of Calgary Press eBooks, Oct 11, 2018

The author has provided a thought-provoking analysis of the origins and influences of the heritag... more The author has provided a thought-provoking analysis of the origins and influences of the heritage interpretation field in Alberta. He explores the effect successive generations of immigrants have had on the culture of the province, and how these waves of immigration have been reflected in our cultural institutions. Finally, he discusses some possible correctives aimed at developing a more cohesive, integrated whole. L'auteur fournit une analyse inspirante des origines et des influences du domaine de I'interpretation du patrimoine en Alberta. I etudie I'effet que les generations successives d'immigrants ont eu sur la culture de la province et comment ces vagues d'immigration se refletent dans nos institutions culturelles. Enfin, il examine certaines mesures correctives visant a developper un tout cohesif et solidaire. This paper was delivered to the Montana State Historical Society. August 1994

American Indian Quarterly, 1979

REVIEWS farming, the dust bowl, centre pivot irrigation, and resource utilization in the future. ... more REVIEWS farming, the dust bowl, centre pivot irrigation, and resource utilization in the future. The amount of background information is immense, usually including material on the origins of cultivated crops. The book contains assessments of the impact of immigrant groups on American agriculture, the role of slavery, water problems in the West, and of a host of other topics including ocean farms. The bibliography upon which it is based is monumental but the reader will sometimes be left wondering if we really need to cover so much detail and go so far back in time ? One wonders, for example, if an outline of medieval farming in England is needed, particularly when it contains the statement that "the British recognized their agricultural problem and began enclosing individual properties about AD 1200 and by the year 1800 enclosure became compulsory by an act of parliament". Overall this book is full of interest; the author is particularly insistent in stressing the need for sound conservation practices.

Intended to preserve Alberta's heritage— particularly in the dynamic decade that saw oil, agr... more Intended to preserve Alberta's heritage— particularly in the dynamic decade that saw oil, agricultural, urban, and pulp development—the Act symbolized the fact that Alberta was a modern state, with a responsibility for preserving its rich heritage. One suspects that it met no real opposition because many believed that Alberta had no heritage—in any case, not in the European or Eastern Canadian sense. If Albertans had any heritage, it was that of Alberta's Natives. Perhaps that is why archaeology became a primary focus of the Act in the years following its proclamation. Much admired throughout Canada, the Act served as the model for other provinces. However, to many, the Act failed in its initial promise to preserve Alberta's historic buildings. There are several reasons: weak drafting, timidity in implementation, a focus on archaeology within the historic resource impact assessment process, and developer resistance. This is not to suggest that the Act has not had an impa...

The Development of a Field and New Directions FRITS PANNEKOEK UNTIL RECENTLY, sources for Metis s... more The Development of a Field and New Directions FRITS PANNEKOEK UNTIL RECENTLY, sources for Metis studies have been few both for classroom use as well as academic reflection. Lately, there has been a virtual explosion of interest, although largely among non-Metis historians. Now this too has begun to change. A new dynamic is also forcing Metis historiography out of the bog of Red River in which some argue it has been mired for too long. The writings of the previous decades have already been examined from a historiographical perspective in several excellent articles. 1 Rather than updating these useful exercises, an alternative is to examine the new literature from a topical perspective, posing questions and suggesting new avenues of investigation. The current literature is the reflection of scholarly concerns of the last two decades and fit into six basic themes or areas: the origins of the Metis people, the historic Metis of the fur trade period of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Metis Diaspora of the mid to late nineteenth century, the revival of Metis consciousness in the twentieth century, Metis land claims, and Metis women's history. A case could be made that the beginning point in each of these areas are the great icons of Metis historiography:

Publication models for scholarly monographs, featuring the pioneering work of Athabasca Universit... more Publication models for scholarly monographs, featuring the pioneering work of Athabasca University Press, Canada’s first open access press. Dr. Frits Pannekoek, president of Athabasca University, will discuss the vision and the challenges of editing, producing and distributing paper books, while licensing the free download of the full text

... 114,1979. , _____. "Motherwell Homestead Archaeology Project,&qu... more ... 114,1979. , _____. "Motherwell Homestead Archaeology Project," no. 76,1978. Buggey, Susan. "Period Gardens in Canada; A Researcher's Resources,"no. 87,1978. Candow, James E. "Prairie Region Archaeology, 1981,"no. 181,1982. Cullen, Mary. ...