Rizwan Hashim | Air University, Islamabad (original) (raw)

Papers by Rizwan Hashim

Isra Medical Journal

Objective: To determine the Importance of workshops on Basic Life Support. Study Design: Cross se... more Objective: To determine the Importance of workshops on Basic Life Support. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Fazaia Medical College from Nov 25th 2022 to March 1st 2023. Methodology: To determine and evaluate the knowledge of the participants before and after the training, they were asked ten questions about Basic Life Support. The survey was conducted among the health education department of Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad. Same questions were asked before the workshop and after workshop. Afterwards, the percentages of correct answers were calculated and subsequently, paired t test was applied to determine any improvement in participant knowledge for Basic Life Support. The answers were compared and the final results were concluded. Results: Work shop improved the knowledge of the participants about Basic Life Support by 27%. Conclusion: BLS workshop increased the knowledge and learning of the participants...

PAFMJ, Sep 30, 2013

Objective: To compare the development of overt hyperthyroidism in a cohort of patients of subclin... more Objective: To compare the development of overt hyperthyroidism in a cohort of patients of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCR) and in subjects with normal thyroid function tests Study Design: A cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the quality of statistical procedures used... more Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the quality of statistical procedures used, the accuracy of study design, sampling and relevant statistical analysis Study Design: Retrospective Survey study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College from June 2014 to Jan 2015. Methodology: Three hundred and forty two original research articles published in Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal were reviewed. The selected research articles were all original articles. Case series and case reports were excluded. Results: Among 342 articles, the major error was that the objectives, results and conclusion were not in accordance with each other in 115 (33.6%) articles. In 48 (14%) articles study design was incorrect and does not matched with the objectives. In 26 (7.6%) articles sample size was not appropriate as per the guidelines of journal. In 12 (3.5%) articles sampling technique used for sample selection was not mentioned. In 62 (18.1%) articles type of variables was in...

The Professional Medical Journal, 2019

Objectives: To determine the possible correlation between raised serum uric acid and various comp... more Objectives: To determine the possible correlation between raised serum uric acid and various components of metabolic syndrome (Waist circumference, serum triglyceride, plasma HDL-C). Study Design: Descriptive case control. Setting: Army Medical College laboratory, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: One year (November 2014 to October 2015). Material and Methods: Total of 100 subjects were enrolled in this study. WHO criteria were applied for identifying the patients of metabolic syndrome. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and serum uric acid levels were measured by using colorimetric enzymatic method. The formula of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was applied to calculate Insulin resistance. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS- Window version-17 for statistical analysis. Results: Serum uric acid levels were turned out to be high in metabolic syndrome patients (cases= 6.1±1.3mg/dL) when compared with controls (having no symptoms of MetS=3.6±1.2;...

Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion, 2016

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) may need splenectomy after failure of medical treatment. Th... more Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) may need splenectomy after failure of medical treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the outcome of splenectomy in chronic ITP and to point out factors which can predict better response to splenectomy. This retrospective chart review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised adult patients who underwent splenectomy for ITP from October 2005 to December 2015. Of the 51 patients, 37(72.5%) were females and 14(27.5%) were males. The overall median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 18-65 years). Complete response was seen in 43(84.3%) patients, 2(4%) had response and 6(11.7%) had no response. Relapse rate of ITP at 1 year was 4(8.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that failure rate of splenectomy in the 41(80.4%) patients aged <50 years was 3(7%) as opposed to 3(30%) in the 10(19.6%) patients aged >50 years (p=0.04). Splenectomy was found to be a safe and effective option for treatment of ITP. Young age at the time of surgery was associated with good response to surgery.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), the est... more In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), the estimation of individual cardiovascular risk over and above the assessment of classic risk factors, such as age, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, is an important prerequisite for focusing preventive measures and therapeutic measures. Microalbuminuria (MA) as a marker of IHD in nondiabetics is currently under international debate. The present descriptive study undertaken at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore was aimed to determine the frequency of MA in nondiabetic IHD patients. One hundred consecutive non diabetic patients with IHD (73 males, 27 females). Patients showing clinical albumiuria and with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Urinary albumin in first morning sample was estimated by immunoturbidimetry method. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated as mg/g. The frequency of MA (ACR >30 mg/g) was 37% in patients. Frequency was highest in older age bracket fo...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1999

To determine the prevalence of macrovascular complications in diabetic subjects with relation to ... more To determine the prevalence of macrovascular complications in diabetic subjects with relation to age duration of diabetes and metabolic control. Primary care centres of WAH, District Rawalpindi cross sectional population based study. A total of 805 known diabetics (380 males and 425 females) were studied. Relevant history, detailed physician examination and ECG were done to assess the presence of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and diabetic foot complications. Their diabetic control was assessed by estimation of their plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin. The prevalence of macrovascular complications was as follows: Ischaemic heart disease 19.8% (female 4.7%, males 7.8%), cerebrovascular disease 6.2% (females 4.7%, males 22.1%) and diabetic foot complications 2.1%. The macrovascular complications increased with age, duration of diabetes and were more prevalent in uncontrolled diabetics having glycosylated haemoglobin > 8.6%. Prevalence of macrovascular complication in our ...

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004

To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MA) and its associated medical risk factors in ty... more To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MA) and its associated medical risk factors in type II diabetic patients. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted during Ist half of 2003 at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed. Study population included 150 type II diabetic patients (70 women, 80 men) attending outpatient department of the hospital. Patients having clinical albuminuria and with other causes of proteinuria were excluded. Women and men were of comparable ages. Women (26.4 kg/m2) had higher body mass index (BMI) than men (24.3 kg/m2). The frequency of MA was 46.7%, higher in males (50.6%) than females (41.5%). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with MA compared to those with normoalbuminuria (p <0.001). The microalbuminuric patients had significantly decreased HDL-c levels compared to normoalbuminuric subjects (p < 0.001). However, no relation of MA with age, gend...

Int J Diabetes & …, 2011

Hepatitis C is a chronic and pestilent disease showing a strong association with diabetes. The me... more Hepatitis C is a chronic and pestilent disease showing a strong association with diabetes. The mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetes in association with hepatitis C remains to be identified. Leptin, a multifunctional cytokine secreted from ...

PAKISTAN JOURNAL …, 2007

Objective: To compare insulin resistance between hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. Meth... more Objective: To compare insulin resistance between hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. Methodology: It is a comparative cross-sectional study which was carried out between April 2004 to March 2006 at department of chemical pathology and endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi. A total of sixty-three subjects with metabolic syndrome were selected as per the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP III) from a target population diagnosed to have impaired glucose regulation at AFIP, along with forty-seven age and sex-matched controls. Insulin resistance was calculated by the method of HOMA-IR, using the formula of Mathew's et al. Blood pressure was measured as per recommendations of JNC7 report on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Results: The difference for hypertension for diastolic blood pressure between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome were found to be significant [Metabolic syndrome: 86.79 mm of Hg (95 % CI: 83.75-89.84), Age and sex matched controls: 80.21(95 % CI: 76.80-83.62) (p<0.05). However the difference for systolic blood pressure were not found to be significant between the two groups (p=0.860).Hypertensive individuals had higher HOMA-IR [(n=33): 2.87 (95 % CI: 2.37-3.05)] than non-hypertensive [(n=30): 1.76(95 % CI: 1.53-2.05)] (p<0.05).The effect of obesity as determined by waist circumference between patients with and without hypertension remained significant (p=< 0.05) Conclusion: Hypertensive individuals have higher insulin resistance than subjects without hypertension. Thus it is recommended that vigorous search be made to diagnose insulin resistance in subjects diagnosed to have hypertension, and to demonstrate other components of metabolic syndrome.

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2022

Introduction: Ascites is of Greek derivation (“askos”) and refers to a bag or sack. The word is a... more Introduction: Ascites is of Greek derivation (“askos”) and refers to a bag or sack. The word is a noun and describes pathologic fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity. Orientation in finding or excluding portal hypertension through examination of ascitic fluid is the first step towards an accurate diagnosis. Material and Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of SAAG (Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient) in the differential diagnosis between cirrhotic and malignant ascites. The SAAG is obtained by subtracting the value of serum albumin, the value of ascites albumin (from samples to be taken on the same day) and is a reflection of hepatic sinusoidal pressure. Result: All ascitic fluids were analyzed on the laboratory parameters of ascitic albumin values and at the same time serological albumin through the blood was taken for analysis on the same day as the diagnostic paracentesis. The value of SAAG was calculated for each patient between their two groups: 64 pati...

Objective: To explore the postgraduate medical trainees perceptions and practices towards researc... more Objective: To explore the postgraduate medical trainees perceptions and practices towards research and to investigate potential barriers to perform research. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Military hospital, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi and Pakistan institute of medical sciences Islamabad, from Jan 2013-Dec 2013. Material and Methods: A pretested, structured and validated questionnaire was used to collect data from 114 final year postgraduate medical trainees (PGMTs). SPSS version 17 was used for descriptive data analysis. Results: One hundred and fourteen (n=114) final year postgraduate medical trainees (PGMTs) of fellowship program of College of Physician and Surgeons of Pakistan gave their written consent to participate in this study. Among them 68 (59.6%) were males while 46 (40.3%) were female. One hundred and twelve (98.2%) trainees agreed that research is an important and healthy activity and have a great impact on thei...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2018

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients with thyroid dysfunction.Study... more Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients with thyroid dysfunction.Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad and Military Hospital (MH) Rawalpindi, from Apr 2013 to Jun 2014.Results: Among the fifty five participants, 16 (29.1%) were male while 39 (70.9%) were females. Mean age of the subjects was 45.49 ± 16.7 years in this study. Hyperuricemia was observed in seventeen (30.9%) individuals with thyroid dysfunction. Mean serum uric acid level was found to be 418.3 ± 147 µmol/l in participants.Material and Methods: Fifty five individuals with thyroid dysfunction were included in this study. Detailed history was recorded on a questionnaire, blood samples were collected and serum total tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and uric acid levels were measured.Con...

Objective: To assess leptin concentrations in different categories of Body Mass Index (BMI) in a ... more Objective: To assess leptin concentrations in different categories of Body Mass Index (BMI) in a sample of local population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Study design: Observational study. Place & Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Hospital, Rawalpindi, 2009-2010 (8 months). Materials and Methods: Fasting serum leptin concentrations were measured in 100 healthy obese, overweight and non-obese individuals aged 20-50 years, including both sexes. ELISA test was done for serum leptin assay. For each statistical analysis SPSS version 15 was used. The mean, standard deviation, ranges p-values and r-values. were calculated for statistical inference Results: Serum leptin concentrations were strongly associated with sex and the body mass index. Serum leptin level was found comparatively higher in women, in same category of BMI, (mean-64.4 ng/ml, obese group) than in men (mean-40.4 ng/ml, obese group). The mean serum leptin concentration in non-obese...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2015

Original Article Objectives: To assess the post graduate students’ perception of various aspect... more Original Article Objectives: To assess the post graduate students’ perception of various aspects of the learning and educational environment at Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from May 2014-July 2014. Participants and Methods: The modified Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) a scored 34 item questionnaire was administered to evaluate various aspects of the learning environment. Three domains of the learning environment were covered with the help of PHEEM scores: perceptions of autonomy; perceptions of teaching; and perceptions of social support. Total and subscale scores were calculated according to Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate mean SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare scores between different departments. Results: Total 39 postgraduate trainees were included in the study. Average of total score came out to be 1...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2019

Objective: To assess the need to induct Military Medicine as under graduate subject at military m... more Objective: To assess the need to induct Military Medicine as under graduate subject at military medical colleges of Pakistan. Study Design: Mixed method study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute (AFPGMI) Rawalpindi, from Oct 2013 to Jul 2014.Methodology: A data collection tool was pretested and structured questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 male military doctors (n=74) with service limit of <5 years. In Depth Interviews were also conducted from Nineteen Key Informants including faculty and military healthcare administrators. Results: Only 30 (41%) participants correctly responded to 11-15 responses. Twenty (27%) respondents almost aware of management of patient in field. Twenty two (30%) and 27 (36%) had knowledge of capabilities of forward treatment center and advance dressing station respectively. Seventy (95%) respondents and almost all key informants had acknowledged that newly commissioned medical graduates ...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2014

Objective: This study aims to determine the educational impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on ... more Objective: This study aims to determine the educational impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on various academic activities of undergraduate female medical students.Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2013 to November 2013Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Army Medical College, National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Islamabad. Data were collected from 224 undergraduate female medical students of all professional years. PMS was diagnosed according to WHO’s ICD-10 criteria. Impact of premenstrual syndrome on academic activities of female medical students was assessed using a 22-itemed, structured questionnaire.Results: Two hundred and twenty four female undergraduate medical students gave their written consent to participate in this study. PMS was present among 207 (92.4%) female students. Major PMS symptoms ...

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perceptions of medical students regarding their training utilizing faci... more OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perceptions of medical students regarding their training utilizing facilities provided in the skill laboratory of a public sector medical college. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from October to December 2014. METHODOLOGY Students of final year MBBS who had underwent skill laboratory training were recruited through convenience purposive sampling. Students not exposed to skill laboratory training were excluded. Data collection tool was a questionnaire having 23 questions with responses on Likert Scale as strongly disagree, disagree, agree and strongly agree coded as 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Data was analysed on SPSS version 22. RESULTS There were 78 (57%) male and 59 (43%) female students out of 137, with mean age of 22.59 ±0.74 years. The response rate was 68.5%. Cronbach's Alpha test was 0.84 showing high reliability. The mean of sum of all the 23 items was 63.85 ±8.71, whereas item ...

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 2016