Paul Jungnickel | Auburn University (original) (raw)

Papers by Paul Jungnickel

The Journal of pharmacy technology, Jul 1, 1999

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Jun 1, 2015

Objective. To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the assoc... more Objective. To identify sleep patterns and frequency of daytime sleepiness and to assess the association between sleep duration and academic performance among student pharmacists. Methods. A cross-sectional design was used. An anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first-year through third-year students at a pharmacy school. Results. Questionnaires were completed by 364 student pharmacists (79.4% response rate and 93.8% cooperation rate). More than half of student pharmacists obtained less than 7 hours of sleep at night during a typical school week (54.7%) and a large majority on the night prior to an examination (81.7%). Almost half (47.8%) felt daytime sleepiness almost every day. Longer sleep duration the night prior to an examination was associated with higher course grades and semester grade point averages (GPAs). Conclusion. A majority of student pharmacists had suboptimal durations of sleep, defined as fewer than 7 hours. Adequate sleep the night prior to an examination was positively associated with student course grades and semester GPAs.

American Journal of Health-system Pharmacy, Sep 15, 2010

This year, as has been the case in previous years, I wrote a number of letters of recommendation ... more This year, as has been the case in previous years, I wrote a number of letters of recommendation for students in our pharmacy school who were seeking a residency. In my capacity as associate dean, I was also asked by some students to provide statements of their class rankings, required by an

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Dec 1, 2010

President-Elect Jeffrey N. Baldwin created the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Phar... more President-Elect Jeffrey N. Baldwin created the AACP Special Committee on Substance Abuse and Pharmacy Education as a special committee to serve during his term of office in 2009-2010. The Committee met in Alexandria, Virginia on October 4-5, 2009 and conducted the remainder of its business via electronic media. CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE The Committee was specifically charged to examine and recommend how pharmacy colleges and schools should prepare all student pharmacists to appropriately assist those who are addicted or affected by others' addiction, and help support addiction recovery with an emphasis on public safety. The Committee was also directed to include recommendations on core curricular content and delivery, both for student pharmacists and continuing education for pharmacists, and on prevention and assistance processes within our colleges and schools.

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Apr 1, 2019

(AUHSOP) implemented a comprehensive, holistic process of continuous quality improvement (CQI) fo... more (AUHSOP) implemented a comprehensive, holistic process of continuous quality improvement (CQI) for its program using the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education's (ACPE) Accreditation Standards as the foundation. The process served as a way to increase the impact of the accreditation standards through continuous monitoring and programmatic improvements. Internally generated standards were also included in the CQI process. Design of the program included defining the program, establishing quality criteria, developing a table of measures that provided evaluation metrics, and assessing the program annually. Each year, faculty members, staff, students and other constituents assess the program for strengths, areas for improvement and insights. A CQI report is created and is made available to constituents, including ACPE through the Assessment and Management System (AAMS). Areas for improvement and new goals are then incorporated into the school's strategic plan and committee assignments for the year. Some of the suggestions included making the program appraisal more meaningful and on a continuous, ongoing basis compared to doing an appraisal for accreditation purposes at 8-year intervals. The process has increased constituent awareness of all aspects of the program and prompted numerous improvements since its adoption. A culture of assessment resulted from the process.

The Committee was specifically charged to examine and recommend how pharmacy colleges and schools... more The Committee was specifically charged to examine and recommend how pharmacy colleges and schools should prepare all student pharmacists to appropriately assist those who are addicted or affected by others' addiction, and help support addiction recovery with an emphasis on public safety. The Committee was also directed to include recommendations on core curricular content and delivery, both for student pharmacists and continuing education for pharmacists, and on prevention and assistance processes within our colleges and schools. BACKGROUND Substance abuse and addiction continues to be a significant public health problem in the United States. Data for the year 2008 indicate that 8 percent of the population aged 12 or greater reported current illicit drug use and 6.9 percent met the criteria for heavy alcohol use. 1 The incidence of such disorders in health professionals is believed to be higher than that of the general population; this may be related to the access that health professionals have to abusable and addictive substances. Health professionals in training, including student pharmacists are impacted as well. Pharmacists are educated and trained to fulfill the societal role of being drug experts and to use this expertise in the care of patients, including the prevention and management of drug related problems. Given that substance abuse and addiction are obviously disorders that are related to

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Mar 1, 2021

Objective. To identify national trends among US pharmacy schools and colleges in their requiremen... more Objective. To identify national trends among US pharmacy schools and colleges in their requirements for the Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) and underlying rationales for not requiring pharmacy school applicants to take it. Methods. An electronic survey regarding the following was sent to all US pharmacy programs: current and future PCAT requirements for applicants, use of the PCAT or other means to assess applicants' written communication skills, use of unofficial PCAT scores, and, if applicable, the rationale for not requiring applicants to submit PCAT scores. Data analysis was performed using Excel. Results. One hundred five (73%) of 144 schools and colleges of pharmacy responded to the survey. Twelve institutions discontinued the PCAT requirement between the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 admissions cycles. The most commonly selected reason for discontinuation was a desire to increase pharmacy applications by reducing admission barriers. Pharmacy schools nationwide had concerns regarding high PCAT registration fees. The majority of pharmacy programs that used PCAT scores in their application process indicated that they always, often, or sometimes invited applicants for an interview before they had received the applicant's official PCAT scores. The majority of pharmacy programs considered applicants' PCAT writing score in making their admissions decisions. Other methods used included onsite essays and personal statements. Conclusion. At the time of this study the majority of US pharmacy schools required applicants to submit the PCAT scores before being considered for admission to pharmacy school; however, the use of this examination has declined nationally.

PubMed, Aug 1, 1992

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, role in lipid-lo... more The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, role in lipid-lowering therapy, and dosage and administration of pravastatin are reviewed. Pravastatin sodium is a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Its structural formula is similar to those of lovastatin and simvastatin, but it is active in the parent form. It competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reduces hepatic cellular cholesterol synthesis, increases the expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, and reduces hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis. Pravastatin has been demonstrated to reduce cholesterol in patients with familial and nonfamilial polygenic hypercholesterolemia and patients with diabetes mellitus. In doses of 10-40 mg/day, pravastatin has been shown to reduce total cholesterol by 15-30% and LDL cholesterol by 15-40%. It also increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 2-20% and reduces triglycerides. It is generally well tolerated, with few adverse effects reported in clinical trials. Pravastatin reduces LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol comparably to lovastatin but possibly with fewer adverse effects. Further studies and clinical use will be needed to confirm potential differences in adverse effect profiles between the two drugs.

This article describes the background, development, and assessment of an Office of Teaching, Lear... more This article describes the background, development, and assessment of an Office of Teaching, Learning and Assessment at the Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University. This case study is intended to provide other colleges and schools with insights that may facilitate the relatively unproblematic development of similar programs.

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Apr 1, 2016

The objective of this article is to describe the key areas of consideration for global/internatio... more The objective of this article is to describe the key areas of consideration for global/international advanced pharmacy practice experience (G/I APPE) preceptors, students and learning objectives. At the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP), the GPE SIG prepared and presented an initial report on the G/IAPPE initiatives. Round table discussions were conducted at the 2014 AACP Annual Meeting to document GPE SIG member input on key areas in the report. Literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE with keywords was conducted to expand this report. In this paper, considerations related to preceptors and students and learning outcomes are described. Preceptors for G/I APPEs may vary based on the learning outcomes of the experience. Student learning outcomes for G/I APPEs may vary based on the type of experiential site. Recommendations and future directions for development of G/IAPPEs are presented. Development of a successful G/I APPE requires significant planning and consideration of appropriate qualifications for preceptors and students.

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 1997

The Journal of pharmacy technology, Mar 1, 2004

Acknowledgments -- Introduction: why all the fuss? -- Pt. I. Tools: distinguishing right from wro... more Acknowledgments -- Introduction: why all the fuss? -- Pt. I. Tools: distinguishing right from wrong -- Ch. 1. It started with Hippocrates -- Ch. 2. Then along came bioethics -- Ch. 3. Does the Bible address bioethics? -- Pt. II. Health care: across the lifespan -- Ch. 4. Embryonic ethics: stem cell research, abortion. and beyond -- Ch. 5. Life on the line: end-of-life treatment and resource allocation -- Ch. 6. Breathtaking decisions: assisted suicide and euthanasia -- Pt. III. Biotechnology: shaping the human race -- Ch. 7. Thirty-eight ways to make a baby -- Ch. 8. Send in the clones? -- Ch. 9. Who's splashing in the gene pool? -- Ch. 10. Remaking humans: the new utopians versus a truly human future -- Recommended resources -- Discussion questions -- Notes -- Topical index -- About the authors

Annals of Pharmacotherapy, May 1, 1996

DICP, Sep 1, 1991

The three specific indicators that were evaluated during this study included: (I) 100 percent of ... more The three specific indicators that were evaluated during this study included: (I) 100 percent of patients on ciprofloxacin and theophylline shall not have serum theophylline concentrations exceeding the therapeutic range, (2) 100 percent of patients on ciprofloxacin and theophylline with theophylline concentrations exceeding the therapeutic range shall not be experiencing adverse effects, and (3) 100 percent of patient charts with a ciprofloxacin-theophylline interaction notice supplied from the pharmacy shall have one of the following: (a) theophylline concentration ordered within 48 hours of beginning ciprofloxacin therapy or within 48 hours of having the interaction notice placed in the chart, or (b) downward adjustment of theophylline doses within 48 hours of beginning ciprofloxacin therapy if theophylline concentrations are observed to be rising. The thresholds for all our parameters were set at 100 percent. A total of 40 patients were evaluated between September 1990 and February 1991. The results of our study were as follows: (I) in 36 patients (90 percent), theophylline concentrations did not exceed the therapeutic range while the patient was on concomitant ciprofloxacin therapy; (2) none of the 40 patients experienced adverse drug reactions secondary to either theophylline or ciprofloxacin; and (3) in all 40 patients, a theophylline concentration was ordered within 48 hours after the interaction notice was placed in the chart. It also should be noted that doses of theophylline were decreased within 48 hours if concentrations were known to be in excess of the therapeutic range. Combining concurrent pharmacy intervention and physician education about the reaction has resulted in better usage of both ciprofloxacin and theophylline and has increased awareness of this adverse reaction.

Journal of the American Dental Association, Nov 1, 1991

Research in Higher Education, Mar 1, 1994

The workplace, especially the academic department or division, provides an intriguing research si... more The workplace, especially the academic department or division, provides an intriguing research site for study of correlates of scholarly performance. The objective of this study was to estimate a correlate model of three-year scholarly performance of clinical faculty in colleges of pharmacy. Two-hundred and ninety-six clinical faculty in pharmacy responded to an author-developed questionnaire. The scholarly performance items factored into three dimensions: "Refereed Research," "Grants/Books Research," and "Nonresearch Scholarship." A fourth single-item variable, "Contracts," was also used as a dependent dimension. Eight correlates, including two related to the departmental workplace, emerged as factors significantly explaining the variation in scholarly performance. The two most significant were "Off-Campus Conversations" and "Department: Percent Time in Research." These results as well as others were contrasted with prior correlate studies and suggestions were made for future additional study.

Advances in medical education, research, and ethics (AMERE) book series, 2022

The rapidly emerging COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for rapid and extensive changes in th... more The rapidly emerging COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for rapid and extensive changes in the education programs of universities. This chapter reviews the changes in teaching and learning made by pharmaceutical faculties in six universities located in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Mahasarakham University (Thailand), Taylor&#39;s University (Malaysia), University of the Philippines-Manilla (Philippines), Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam), University of Health Sciences (Lao PDR), and Sanata Dharma University (Indonesia). The authors discuss adjustments that were made based on educational contexts, planning and infrastructure, educational processes, and products and outcomes. Each university provides a specific story concerning lessons learned in responding to the pandemic. The chapter concludes with changes that will be employed in future emergency situations, as well as those that will continue to be incorporated with the resumption of normal operations.

Clinical Therapeutics, Nov 1, 2000

This paper reviews the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of pantoprazole in compa... more This paper reviews the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of pantoprazole in comparison with those of other available proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Relevant English-language research and review articles were identified by database searches of MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and UnCover, and by examining the reference lists of the articles so identified. In selecting data for inclusion, the author gave preference to full-length articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Like other PPIs, pantoprazole exerts its pharmacodynamic actions by binding to the proton pump (H+,K+ -adenosine triphosphatase) in the parietal cells, but, compared with other PPIs, its binding may be more specific for the proton pump. Pantoprazole is well absorbed when administered as an enteric-coated, delayed-release tablet, with an oral bioavailability of approximately 77%. It is hepatically metabolized via cytochrome P2C19 to hydroxypantoprazole, an inactive metabolite that subsequently undergoes sulfate conjugation. The elimination half-life ranges from 0.9 to 1.9 hours and is independent of dose. Pantoprazole has similar efficacy to other PPIs in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as erosive esophagitis, and as part of triple-drug regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori from the gastric mucosa. It is well tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being headache, diarrhea, flatulence, and abdominal pain. In clinical studies, it has been shown to have no interactions with various other agents, including carbamazepine, cisapride, cyclosporine, digoxin, phenytoin, theophylline, and warfarin. Pantoprazole appears to be as effective as other PPIs. Its low potential for drug interactions may give it an advantage in patients taking other drugs.