Dalia Saad | American University in Cairo (original) (raw)

Papers by Dalia Saad

Egyptian Liver Journal, 2021

Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage... more Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage and dysfunction. The l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway seems to be relevant during this process of IR. Although acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), regular training improves hepatic antioxidant status. Also, oxytocin (Oxy), besides its classical functions, it exhibits a potent antistress, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatic functional and structural changes induced by hepatic IR injury in rats and to probe the effect and potential mechanism of moderate intensity exercise training and/or Oxy, in comparison to a nitric oxide donor, l-arginine, against liver IR-induced damage. Results Compared to the sham-operated control group, the hepatic IR group displayed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT and AST, plasma levels of MDA and TNF-α, and significant decrease in plasma TAC ...

al-azhar medical journal, 2020

Background: Menopause, a natural step in woman`s life aging process, is associated with increased... more Background: Menopause, a natural step in woman`s life aging process, is associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases. Salt, is an essential micronutrient, commonly added to food. However, studies addressing the metabolic effects of high salt intake are controversial and limited. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the changes imposed by increased salt consumption on glucose and lipid homeostasis in ovariectomized rats that mimics the estrogen-deprived condition in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: Thirty six adult female albino Wister rats were allocated into 3 equal groups: Control group, ovariectomized group, and high salt ovariectomized group which received high salt (2%NaCl) solution for 2 months. Rats were subjected to estimation of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat weight. Glucose uptake by diaphragm and glucose output by kidneys were determined. Also, levels of glucose, lipid profile, malon...

Applied Water Science, 2014

A continuous fixed-bed adsorption study was carried out by using phosphonated cross-linked polyet... more A continuous fixed-bed adsorption study was carried out by using phosphonated cross-linked polyethylenimine as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium (U) from aqueous solutions. The effect of inlet metal ion concentration (40, 70, and 100 mg L-1), feed flow rate (1, 2, and 3 mL min-1), and polymer bed height (2.5, 3.2 and 4.5 cm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the fixedbed adsorption system at pH 2 were studied. The results showed that the breakthrough time appeared to increase with increase of bed height but decreased with increase of both influent U concentration and flow rate. Modelling of the dynamics of the fixed-bed adsorption process was studied and the application of different models to describe the breakthrough curves showed that the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson model gave better results for the operating conditions.

Water pollution is a serious environmental crisis all over the world hence unsafe water is rated ... more Water pollution is a serious environmental crisis all over the world hence unsafe water is rated among the top ten risks to health. Heavy metals are among the most threatening water contaminants because of their toxic effects on human health. This research was dedicated to the development of insoluble polyethylenimine derivatives; with the suitable functionalities for use as adsorbents to abstract specific toxic elements from mining and industrial wastewater. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI), well known for its metal chelating potential, was cross linked by epichlorohydrin in order to convert it into a water-insoluble form. The water-insoluble property gives the advantage of being used in situ and a possibility of regeneration and re-use, making it a more feasible and cost-effective method. Its surface was then modified for selective removal of uranium (U), mercury (Hg, arsenic (As), and selenium (Se). Three different functional groups were chosen according to the targeted elements namely: the phosphate group for selective removal of U and As; sulphate group for selective removal of Hg and Se, and the thiol group for selective removal of Hg. The adsorption performance of the developed materials was assessed in batch and column experiments. The selectivity of the synthesized materials as well as their ability to be regenerated for reuse was assessed. The results obtained demonstrated that the phosphonated derivative had a superior selectivity towards U with up to 99% adsorption (at pH 3 and 8) even in presence of competing ions, as well as a very good removal for As showing 88%.

BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 17, 2017

Hypercholesterolemia is a serious diseases associated with type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, card... more Hypercholesterolemia is a serious diseases associated with type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders and liver diseases. Humans seek for safe herbal medication such as karela (Momordica charantia/bitter melon) to treat such disorders to avoid side effect of pharmacotherapies widely used. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups; control group with free access to food and water, cholesterol administered group (40 mg/kg BW orally); karela administered group (5 g /kg BW orally) and mixture of cholesterol and karela. The treatments continued for 10 weeks. Karela was given for hypercholesterolemic rats after 6 weeks of cholesterol administration. Serum, liver and epididymal adipose tissues were taken for biochemical, histopathological and genetic assessments. Hypercholesterolemia induced a decrease in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that were ameliorated by karela admi...

Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015

Background: Direct rigid endoscopic laryngosurgery is a short procedure usually performed under g... more Background: Direct rigid endoscopic laryngosurgery is a short procedure usually performed under general anesthesia. This is a double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, which was designed to evaluate the effect of bilateral block of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) as an adjuvant to general anesthesia during endoscopic laryngeal surgery when smaller dose of muscle relaxant is used. Method: Seventy-six patients required endoscopic laryngosurgery in whom general anesthesia was preceded by bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block either with 2% lidocaine (L-group) or with saline (C-group). Results: The reaction to endotracheal tube insertion was better in L-group as less frequent cough occurred in L-group (one patient) compared to (8 patients) C-group (P value <0.05). The maximum pressor response was observed immediately after intubation, at which the increase in MAP from baseline in C-group (24.4%) was significantly higher than in L-group (6.4%) (P < 0.05) and the increase in HR from baseline in C-group (29.5%) was significantly higher than in L-group (14.8%) (P < 0.05). The MAP and HR remain significantly higher in C-group than that of the L-group all through the intraoperative period. The incidence of severe cough was significantly higher in C-group just before extubation (bucking), 5 min and 30 min postextubation. Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in C-group in the first 4 h postoperatively. Conclusion: During endoscopic laryngeal surgeries, using bilateral block of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve as an adjuvant to general anesthesia was associated with better intubation conditions, better intraoperative hemodynamic response to intubation and surgical procedure and better recovery profile in the form of improved postoperative cough and sore throat.

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition), 2017

Introduction: The majority of women having planned cesarean section receive spinal anesthesia for... more Introduction: The majority of women having planned cesarean section receive spinal anesthesia for the procedure. Typically, spinal opioids are administered during the same time as a component of multimodal analgesia to provide pain relief in the 16-24 h period postoperatively. The quadratus lumborum block is a regional analgesic technique that blocks T5-L1 nerve branches and has an evolving role in postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries and may be a potential alternative to spinal opioids. If found effective, it will have the advantage of a reduction in opioid associated adverse effects while providing similar quality of analgesia. Methods: We performed bilateral quadratus lumborum block in 3 women who received a spinal anesthetic for a cesarean delivery and evaluated their post-operative opioid consumption and patient satisfaction. Results: In all 3 patients, there was no additional opioid consumption during the first 24 h after the block. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain was less than 6 for the first 24 h. Women were all very satisfied with the quality of pain relief. Discussion: Quadratus lumborum block may be a promising anesthetic adjuvant for postcesarean analgesia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy of the quadratus lumborum block with intrathecal opioids.

BMC Anesthesiology, 2020

Background Deliberate hypotension is used to provide a bloodless field during functional endoscop... more Background Deliberate hypotension is used to provide a bloodless field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery; however, the impact of controlled hypotension during anesthesia on peripheral tissue perfusion has not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of nitroglycerin- versus labetalol-induced hypotension on peripheral perfusion. Methods The present randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial included adult patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients were allocated to one of two groups according to the drug received for induction of deliberate hypotension: nitroglycerin (n = 20) or labetalol (n = 20). Mean arterial pressure was maintained at 55–65 mmHg in both groups. Both study groups were compared according to pulse oximeter-derived peripheral perfusion index (primary outcome), serum lactate level, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, surgical field score, and intraoperative blood loss. Results Forty patients were included in th...

Egyptian Liver Journal, 2021

Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage... more Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage and dysfunction. The l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway seems to be relevant during this process of IR. Although acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), regular training improves hepatic antioxidant status. Also, oxytocin (Oxy), besides its classical functions, it exhibits a potent antistress, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatic functional and structural changes induced by hepatic IR injury in rats and to probe the effect and potential mechanism of moderate intensity exercise training and/or Oxy, in comparison to a nitric oxide donor, l-arginine, against liver IR-induced damage. Results Compared to the sham-operated control group, the hepatic IR group displayed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT and AST, plasma levels of MDA and TNF-α, and significant decrease in plasma TAC ...

al-azhar medical journal, 2020

Background: Menopause, a natural step in woman`s life aging process, is associated with increased... more Background: Menopause, a natural step in woman`s life aging process, is associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases. Salt, is an essential micronutrient, commonly added to food. However, studies addressing the metabolic effects of high salt intake are controversial and limited. Objective: The present study was designed to determine the changes imposed by increased salt consumption on glucose and lipid homeostasis in ovariectomized rats that mimics the estrogen-deprived condition in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: Thirty six adult female albino Wister rats were allocated into 3 equal groups: Control group, ovariectomized group, and high salt ovariectomized group which received high salt (2%NaCl) solution for 2 months. Rats were subjected to estimation of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat weight. Glucose uptake by diaphragm and glucose output by kidneys were determined. Also, levels of glucose, lipid profile, malon...

Applied Water Science, 2014

A continuous fixed-bed adsorption study was carried out by using phosphonated cross-linked polyet... more A continuous fixed-bed adsorption study was carried out by using phosphonated cross-linked polyethylenimine as an adsorbent for the removal of uranium (U) from aqueous solutions. The effect of inlet metal ion concentration (40, 70, and 100 mg L-1), feed flow rate (1, 2, and 3 mL min-1), and polymer bed height (2.5, 3.2 and 4.5 cm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the fixedbed adsorption system at pH 2 were studied. The results showed that the breakthrough time appeared to increase with increase of bed height but decreased with increase of both influent U concentration and flow rate. Modelling of the dynamics of the fixed-bed adsorption process was studied and the application of different models to describe the breakthrough curves showed that the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson model gave better results for the operating conditions.

Water pollution is a serious environmental crisis all over the world hence unsafe water is rated ... more Water pollution is a serious environmental crisis all over the world hence unsafe water is rated among the top ten risks to health. Heavy metals are among the most threatening water contaminants because of their toxic effects on human health. This research was dedicated to the development of insoluble polyethylenimine derivatives; with the suitable functionalities for use as adsorbents to abstract specific toxic elements from mining and industrial wastewater. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI), well known for its metal chelating potential, was cross linked by epichlorohydrin in order to convert it into a water-insoluble form. The water-insoluble property gives the advantage of being used in situ and a possibility of regeneration and re-use, making it a more feasible and cost-effective method. Its surface was then modified for selective removal of uranium (U), mercury (Hg, arsenic (As), and selenium (Se). Three different functional groups were chosen according to the targeted elements namely: the phosphate group for selective removal of U and As; sulphate group for selective removal of Hg and Se, and the thiol group for selective removal of Hg. The adsorption performance of the developed materials was assessed in batch and column experiments. The selectivity of the synthesized materials as well as their ability to be regenerated for reuse was assessed. The results obtained demonstrated that the phosphonated derivative had a superior selectivity towards U with up to 99% adsorption (at pH 3 and 8) even in presence of competing ions, as well as a very good removal for As showing 88%.

BMC complementary and alternative medicine, Jan 17, 2017

Hypercholesterolemia is a serious diseases associated with type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, card... more Hypercholesterolemia is a serious diseases associated with type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders and liver diseases. Humans seek for safe herbal medication such as karela (Momordica charantia/bitter melon) to treat such disorders to avoid side effect of pharmacotherapies widely used. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups; control group with free access to food and water, cholesterol administered group (40 mg/kg BW orally); karela administered group (5 g /kg BW orally) and mixture of cholesterol and karela. The treatments continued for 10 weeks. Karela was given for hypercholesterolemic rats after 6 weeks of cholesterol administration. Serum, liver and epididymal adipose tissues were taken for biochemical, histopathological and genetic assessments. Hypercholesterolemia induced a decrease in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that were ameliorated by karela admi...

Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2015

Background: Direct rigid endoscopic laryngosurgery is a short procedure usually performed under g... more Background: Direct rigid endoscopic laryngosurgery is a short procedure usually performed under general anesthesia. This is a double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, which was designed to evaluate the effect of bilateral block of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) as an adjuvant to general anesthesia during endoscopic laryngeal surgery when smaller dose of muscle relaxant is used. Method: Seventy-six patients required endoscopic laryngosurgery in whom general anesthesia was preceded by bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block either with 2% lidocaine (L-group) or with saline (C-group). Results: The reaction to endotracheal tube insertion was better in L-group as less frequent cough occurred in L-group (one patient) compared to (8 patients) C-group (P value <0.05). The maximum pressor response was observed immediately after intubation, at which the increase in MAP from baseline in C-group (24.4%) was significantly higher than in L-group (6.4%) (P < 0.05) and the increase in HR from baseline in C-group (29.5%) was significantly higher than in L-group (14.8%) (P < 0.05). The MAP and HR remain significantly higher in C-group than that of the L-group all through the intraoperative period. The incidence of severe cough was significantly higher in C-group just before extubation (bucking), 5 min and 30 min postextubation. Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in C-group in the first 4 h postoperatively. Conclusion: During endoscopic laryngeal surgeries, using bilateral block of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve as an adjuvant to general anesthesia was associated with better intubation conditions, better intraoperative hemodynamic response to intubation and surgical procedure and better recovery profile in the form of improved postoperative cough and sore throat.

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition), 2017

Introduction: The majority of women having planned cesarean section receive spinal anesthesia for... more Introduction: The majority of women having planned cesarean section receive spinal anesthesia for the procedure. Typically, spinal opioids are administered during the same time as a component of multimodal analgesia to provide pain relief in the 16-24 h period postoperatively. The quadratus lumborum block is a regional analgesic technique that blocks T5-L1 nerve branches and has an evolving role in postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries and may be a potential alternative to spinal opioids. If found effective, it will have the advantage of a reduction in opioid associated adverse effects while providing similar quality of analgesia. Methods: We performed bilateral quadratus lumborum block in 3 women who received a spinal anesthetic for a cesarean delivery and evaluated their post-operative opioid consumption and patient satisfaction. Results: In all 3 patients, there was no additional opioid consumption during the first 24 h after the block. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain was less than 6 for the first 24 h. Women were all very satisfied with the quality of pain relief. Discussion: Quadratus lumborum block may be a promising anesthetic adjuvant for postcesarean analgesia. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy of the quadratus lumborum block with intrathecal opioids.

BMC Anesthesiology, 2020

Background Deliberate hypotension is used to provide a bloodless field during functional endoscop... more Background Deliberate hypotension is used to provide a bloodless field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery; however, the impact of controlled hypotension during anesthesia on peripheral tissue perfusion has not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of nitroglycerin- versus labetalol-induced hypotension on peripheral perfusion. Methods The present randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial included adult patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients were allocated to one of two groups according to the drug received for induction of deliberate hypotension: nitroglycerin (n = 20) or labetalol (n = 20). Mean arterial pressure was maintained at 55–65 mmHg in both groups. Both study groups were compared according to pulse oximeter-derived peripheral perfusion index (primary outcome), serum lactate level, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, surgical field score, and intraoperative blood loss. Results Forty patients were included in th...