Krushil Watene | The University of Auckland (original) (raw)

Papers by Krushil Watene

Routledge eBooks, Oct 14, 2022

Ethical Perspectives, 2020

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Empresariales, Mar 1, 2013

How inclusive the scope of justice is, what we take the unit of moral concern to be, and what pri... more How inclusive the scope of justice is, what we take the unit of moral concern to be, and what principles we think are globally relevant are pressing questions in light of the world in which we currently live. Our answers to each of these questions heavily bear on the life chances of literally billions of people who suffer and die every year unnecessarily. Over one billion people still live in abject poverty and survive on less that $1 a day, and at least ten million children die each year before they reach the age of five. These are shocking figures when we take into account that almost all of these children are from poor communities in short, millions of children die every year simply because of where they are born. It is clear that this is a source of severe injustice for persons who are not lucky enough to have been born into western societies where reading and writing philosophy is possible. This thesis concerns itself with this injustice, and attempts to answer each of these qu...

The Oxford Handbook of Global Justice, 2020

Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples’ self-determination, and essential to... more Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples’ self-determination, and essential to the pursuit and realization of justice for indigenous peoples globally. Given this contention, the absence of indigenous philosophies in mainstream global justice theorizing is problematic for the continued relevance of global justice theorizing today. The aim of this chapter is to think seriously about how to remedy this problem, and to begin to provide some of the solutions for moving forward, focusing particularly on Māori philosophies and Kaupapa Māori theory. More specifically, following a discussion of the importance of indigenous philosophies for global justice, we explore (1) why even the strongest (in intercultural terms) mainstream approach to justice—the capability approach—has so far fallen short, and (2) why indigenous methodologies remain vital to the appropriate articulation and inclusion of indigenous philosophies in justice theorizing. In so doing, the chapter highlight...

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to set the scene for an emerging conversation on the Rights of Nature as a... more PurposeThis paper aims to set the scene for an emerging conversation on the Rights of Nature as articulated by a philosophy of law called Earth Jurisprudence, which privileges the whole Earth community over the profit-driven structures of the existing legal and economic systems.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a wide range of thought from literature relating to philosophy, humanities, environmental economics, sustainable development, indigenous rights and legal theory to show how Earth Jurisprudence resonates with two recent treaties of Waitangi settlements in Aotearoa New Zealand that recognise the Rights of Nature.FindingsIndigenous philosophies have become highly relevant to sustainable and equitable development. They have provided an increasingly prominent approach in advancing social, economic, environmental and cultural development around the world. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Maori philosophies ground the naming of the Te Urewera National Park and the Whanganui River as...

Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2019

Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towar... more Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towards quantitative measurement. Indigenous peoples have not been immune to the representation and monitoring of their lives using indicators. Across many of these standard metrics, they consistently underperform. As a result, resources globally and nationally are often targeted at improving these metrics of indigenous populations. Indigenous peoples have not been silent on this matter. In challenging these universal frameworks, they mobilised a self-determination movement which is centred on their worldviews and priorities. The endorsement and ratification of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) have further created a space and impetus to ask how the UNDRIP can be implemented to support indigenous groups around the world to drive their own development agenda. Using a framework informed by UNDRIP and Indigenous knowledge this paper has two aims: 1) to explore if and how the SDGs have reframed policy relating to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand and 2) to explore how indigenous communities are developing their own indicators to inform their development needs and in the process mitigate the negative governance effects of national goal and target setting.

Journal of Global Ethics, 2018

The tools we have used to fashion justice have changed greatly over the past seventy years, and t... more The tools we have used to fashion justice have changed greatly over the past seventy years, and the changes have altered our understanding of what justice amounts to. The International Military Tribunals, pursued at Nuremberg and Tokyo, were conceived as a form of retribution to correct the injustices of the Second World War. These were paired with the victors' visions of reconstruction: the Marshall Plan and the Occupation of Japan. Many years later, in the wake of empire, different paradigms were conceived to fill the need for new paths forward. South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) provided a new route in 1995 centred upon truth-telling, amnesty, and forgiveness. These dimensions of reconciliation charted the path of restorative (rather than retributive) justice to ground a transition to democracy following the decades-long horrors of Apartheid. Broadly speaking, political reconciliation is concerned with the pursuit and realisation of respectful relationships between two or more communities in conflict, or relationships of oppression by one group over the other(s). In a world where oppression, repression, and persecution remain widespread, formal apologies, memorials, trials, and reparations have become commonplace. These and other processes of reconciliation, reclamation and (broadly) of transitional justice are the newer political tools that this issue of Journal of Global Ethics provides an opportunity to assess. Our willingness to face our histories and contemporary challenges in ways that create real space for new beginnings is pertinent to projects of political reconciliation and transitional justice. More precisely, being honest about these histories, and about the extent to which these histories continue to bear on the lives that communities are able to live today, can facilitate the forging of new relationships and new possibilities for the future. Committing to fostering processes and conditions that allow for healing, restitution, and (ultimately) justice in both post-conflict and settler-colonial societies remains critical. Such a commitment requires that we are willing to listen to the voices of those who have endured, and who continue to endure, many of these horrors. We need to be willing to listen to those intimately involved in existing processes of political reconciliation and transitional justice on the ground, as well as those who have played a role in framing those processes. We need to provide space for these voices, bringing their perspectives together in ways that can help to shape the work of creating communities that live together on just and peaceful terms. This special issue is, in one sense at least, an attempt to air important questions and contribute to conversations. We bring scholars concerned with the concepts and ideas of reconciliation and transitional justice alongside the voices of scholars and activists concerned with how these concepts and ideas have played out, and continue to play out, on the ground. In particular, we provide the necessary space for the voices of Indigenous scholars and activists (and their allies) to allow us to better understand how our theories and applications of reconciliation and transitional justice may succeed, may fall short and, ultimately, may be improved within and beyond settler-colonial states. At the very least, this issue attempts to support a platform upon which further and deeper conversations can be built. We begin with a collection of commentary upon Colleen Murphy's book The Conceptual Foundations of Transitional Justice, published by Cambridge University Press, 2017. Sirkku

Oxford Development Studies, 2016

Abstract Ideas about how development is conceived, designed and implemented play an important rol... more Abstract Ideas about how development is conceived, designed and implemented play an important role in determining whether and how indigenous peoples are able to pursue and realize self-determination. According to the human development and capability approach, people are the ends and means of development, understood as the expansion of capabilities people have reason to value. While conversations between the capability approach and indigenous communities are growing, the literature remains disparate and (largely) unpublished. The papers included in the first section of this special issue explore indigenous values as they apply to nature, the concept of indigenous autonomy in international law, as well as the realities of indigenous communities in Latin America, New Zealand and Australia. The second group of papers explores the usefulness of the human development and capability approach for indigenous peoples. The conclusions in this special issue range from the contention that the capability approach has severe limitations, to the contention that the approach provides helpful tools and insights.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2021

O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de verificar se os aspectos sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem m... more O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de verificar se os aspectos sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem mencionados nos Cadernos de Formação do PNAIC estão consonantes com os fundamentos da avaliação formativa na perspectiva cognitiva e da autorregulação. Configura-se como estudo de análise documental. Os conteúdos sobre avaliação ora estão de acordo com a perspectiva cognitivista, ora aproximam-se mais de um controle. Há prioridadenas ações do professorenquanto a ação do aluno no processo de avaliação é pouco destacada. Buscou-se compreender os procedimentos e instrumentos avaliativos da aprendizagem utilizados no PNAIC para consolidação da escola como um espaço fundamental de aprendizagens.

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021

The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly docum... more The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature. This paper begins to fill this gap. Our exploration of Māori connections to Antarctica details first voyagers through to involvement in recent science projects, as well as representations of mātauranga in carving and weaving. This exploration begins to construct a richer and more inclusive picture of Antarctica's relationship with humanity. By detailing these historical and contemporary connections, we build a platform on which much wider conversations about New Zealand relationships with Antarctica can be furthered. More than this, however, we create space for other under-represented groups and peoples to articulate their narratives of connection to the southern land-and sea-scapes. In so doing, we provide significant first steps for uncovering the rich and varied ways in which Antarctica features in the lives and futures of indigenous and other under-represented communities.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2021

In the version of this Comment originally published, there were errors in the main text, Fig. 1 a... more In the version of this Comment originally published, there were errors in the main text, Fig. 1 and the reference list. In the first paragraph, the text ' Ahead of a likely review of the ATS in 2048... ' should have read ' Ahead of possible review of the ATS after 2048... '. In Fig. 1, the event in the timeline at 2048 mistakenly read ' A review of the Antarctic Treaty will chart a course for future management of Antarctica'; it should have been 'Ongoing review of the Antarctic Treaty System will chart a course for future management of Antarctica. '

Routledge eBooks, Oct 14, 2022

Ethical Perspectives, 2020

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas Empresariales, Mar 1, 2013

How inclusive the scope of justice is, what we take the unit of moral concern to be, and what pri... more How inclusive the scope of justice is, what we take the unit of moral concern to be, and what principles we think are globally relevant are pressing questions in light of the world in which we currently live. Our answers to each of these questions heavily bear on the life chances of literally billions of people who suffer and die every year unnecessarily. Over one billion people still live in abject poverty and survive on less that $1 a day, and at least ten million children die each year before they reach the age of five. These are shocking figures when we take into account that almost all of these children are from poor communities in short, millions of children die every year simply because of where they are born. It is clear that this is a source of severe injustice for persons who are not lucky enough to have been born into western societies where reading and writing philosophy is possible. This thesis concerns itself with this injustice, and attempts to answer each of these qu...

The Oxford Handbook of Global Justice, 2020

Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples’ self-determination, and essential to... more Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples’ self-determination, and essential to the pursuit and realization of justice for indigenous peoples globally. Given this contention, the absence of indigenous philosophies in mainstream global justice theorizing is problematic for the continued relevance of global justice theorizing today. The aim of this chapter is to think seriously about how to remedy this problem, and to begin to provide some of the solutions for moving forward, focusing particularly on Māori philosophies and Kaupapa Māori theory. More specifically, following a discussion of the importance of indigenous philosophies for global justice, we explore (1) why even the strongest (in intercultural terms) mainstream approach to justice—the capability approach—has so far fallen short, and (2) why indigenous methodologies remain vital to the appropriate articulation and inclusion of indigenous philosophies in justice theorizing. In so doing, the chapter highlight...

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to set the scene for an emerging conversation on the Rights of Nature as a... more PurposeThis paper aims to set the scene for an emerging conversation on the Rights of Nature as articulated by a philosophy of law called Earth Jurisprudence, which privileges the whole Earth community over the profit-driven structures of the existing legal and economic systems.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a wide range of thought from literature relating to philosophy, humanities, environmental economics, sustainable development, indigenous rights and legal theory to show how Earth Jurisprudence resonates with two recent treaties of Waitangi settlements in Aotearoa New Zealand that recognise the Rights of Nature.FindingsIndigenous philosophies have become highly relevant to sustainable and equitable development. They have provided an increasingly prominent approach in advancing social, economic, environmental and cultural development around the world. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Maori philosophies ground the naming of the Te Urewera National Park and the Whanganui River as...

Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 2019

Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towar... more Indicators have emerged as a powerful communication tool for complex phenomena in the shift towards quantitative measurement. Indigenous peoples have not been immune to the representation and monitoring of their lives using indicators. Across many of these standard metrics, they consistently underperform. As a result, resources globally and nationally are often targeted at improving these metrics of indigenous populations. Indigenous peoples have not been silent on this matter. In challenging these universal frameworks, they mobilised a self-determination movement which is centred on their worldviews and priorities. The endorsement and ratification of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) have further created a space and impetus to ask how the UNDRIP can be implemented to support indigenous groups around the world to drive their own development agenda. Using a framework informed by UNDRIP and Indigenous knowledge this paper has two aims: 1) to explore if and how the SDGs have reframed policy relating to Indigenous peoples in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand and 2) to explore how indigenous communities are developing their own indicators to inform their development needs and in the process mitigate the negative governance effects of national goal and target setting.

Journal of Global Ethics, 2018

The tools we have used to fashion justice have changed greatly over the past seventy years, and t... more The tools we have used to fashion justice have changed greatly over the past seventy years, and the changes have altered our understanding of what justice amounts to. The International Military Tribunals, pursued at Nuremberg and Tokyo, were conceived as a form of retribution to correct the injustices of the Second World War. These were paired with the victors' visions of reconstruction: the Marshall Plan and the Occupation of Japan. Many years later, in the wake of empire, different paradigms were conceived to fill the need for new paths forward. South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) provided a new route in 1995 centred upon truth-telling, amnesty, and forgiveness. These dimensions of reconciliation charted the path of restorative (rather than retributive) justice to ground a transition to democracy following the decades-long horrors of Apartheid. Broadly speaking, political reconciliation is concerned with the pursuit and realisation of respectful relationships between two or more communities in conflict, or relationships of oppression by one group over the other(s). In a world where oppression, repression, and persecution remain widespread, formal apologies, memorials, trials, and reparations have become commonplace. These and other processes of reconciliation, reclamation and (broadly) of transitional justice are the newer political tools that this issue of Journal of Global Ethics provides an opportunity to assess. Our willingness to face our histories and contemporary challenges in ways that create real space for new beginnings is pertinent to projects of political reconciliation and transitional justice. More precisely, being honest about these histories, and about the extent to which these histories continue to bear on the lives that communities are able to live today, can facilitate the forging of new relationships and new possibilities for the future. Committing to fostering processes and conditions that allow for healing, restitution, and (ultimately) justice in both post-conflict and settler-colonial societies remains critical. Such a commitment requires that we are willing to listen to the voices of those who have endured, and who continue to endure, many of these horrors. We need to be willing to listen to those intimately involved in existing processes of political reconciliation and transitional justice on the ground, as well as those who have played a role in framing those processes. We need to provide space for these voices, bringing their perspectives together in ways that can help to shape the work of creating communities that live together on just and peaceful terms. This special issue is, in one sense at least, an attempt to air important questions and contribute to conversations. We bring scholars concerned with the concepts and ideas of reconciliation and transitional justice alongside the voices of scholars and activists concerned with how these concepts and ideas have played out, and continue to play out, on the ground. In particular, we provide the necessary space for the voices of Indigenous scholars and activists (and their allies) to allow us to better understand how our theories and applications of reconciliation and transitional justice may succeed, may fall short and, ultimately, may be improved within and beyond settler-colonial states. At the very least, this issue attempts to support a platform upon which further and deeper conversations can be built. We begin with a collection of commentary upon Colleen Murphy's book The Conceptual Foundations of Transitional Justice, published by Cambridge University Press, 2017. Sirkku

Oxford Development Studies, 2016

Abstract Ideas about how development is conceived, designed and implemented play an important rol... more Abstract Ideas about how development is conceived, designed and implemented play an important role in determining whether and how indigenous peoples are able to pursue and realize self-determination. According to the human development and capability approach, people are the ends and means of development, understood as the expansion of capabilities people have reason to value. While conversations between the capability approach and indigenous communities are growing, the literature remains disparate and (largely) unpublished. The papers included in the first section of this special issue explore indigenous values as they apply to nature, the concept of indigenous autonomy in international law, as well as the realities of indigenous communities in Latin America, New Zealand and Australia. The second group of papers explores the usefulness of the human development and capability approach for indigenous peoples. The conclusions in this special issue range from the contention that the capability approach has severe limitations, to the contention that the approach provides helpful tools and insights.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2021

O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de verificar se os aspectos sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem m... more O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de verificar se os aspectos sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem mencionados nos Cadernos de Formação do PNAIC estão consonantes com os fundamentos da avaliação formativa na perspectiva cognitiva e da autorregulação. Configura-se como estudo de análise documental. Os conteúdos sobre avaliação ora estão de acordo com a perspectiva cognitivista, ora aproximam-se mais de um controle. Há prioridadenas ações do professorenquanto a ação do aluno no processo de avaliação é pouco destacada. Buscou-se compreender os procedimentos e instrumentos avaliativos da aprendizagem utilizados no PNAIC para consolidação da escola como um espaço fundamental de aprendizagens.

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021

The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly docum... more The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature. This paper begins to fill this gap. Our exploration of Māori connections to Antarctica details first voyagers through to involvement in recent science projects, as well as representations of mātauranga in carving and weaving. This exploration begins to construct a richer and more inclusive picture of Antarctica's relationship with humanity. By detailing these historical and contemporary connections, we build a platform on which much wider conversations about New Zealand relationships with Antarctica can be furthered. More than this, however, we create space for other under-represented groups and peoples to articulate their narratives of connection to the southern land-and sea-scapes. In so doing, we provide significant first steps for uncovering the rich and varied ways in which Antarctica features in the lives and futures of indigenous and other under-represented communities.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2021

In the version of this Comment originally published, there were errors in the main text, Fig. 1 a... more In the version of this Comment originally published, there were errors in the main text, Fig. 1 and the reference list. In the first paragraph, the text ' Ahead of a likely review of the ATS in 2048... ' should have read ' Ahead of possible review of the ATS after 2048... '. In Fig. 1, the event in the timeline at 2048 mistakenly read ' A review of the Antarctic Treaty will chart a course for future management of Antarctica'; it should have been 'Ongoing review of the Antarctic Treaty System will chart a course for future management of Antarctica. '

Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples' self-determination, and essential to... more Indigenous philosophies are essential to indigenous peoples' self-determination, and essential to the pursuit and realisation of justice for indigenous peoples globally. Given this contention, the absence of indigenous philosophies in mainstream global justice theorising is problematic for the continued relevance of global justice theorizing today. The aim of this chapter is to think seriously about how to remedy this problem, and to begin to provide some of the solutions for moving forward, focusing particularly on Māori philosophies and Kaupapa Māori theory. More specifically, following a discussion of the importance of indigenous philosophies for global justice, we explore: 1) why even the strongest (in intercultural terms) mainstream approach to justice – the capability approach – has so far fallen short, and 2) why indigenous methodologies remain vital to the appropriate articulation and inclusion of indigenous philosophies in justice theorizing. In so doing, the chapter highlights some of the opportunities within, and challenges to, mainstream justice theorising – and philosophy more generally – for remedying this shortfall.