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Papers by bilge IŞIK
Building and Environment, 2008
The materials and energy sources needed for construction are limited by island conditions. Until ... more The materials and energy sources needed for construction are limited by island conditions. Until recent decades, earth was widely used as a construction material in northern Cyprus due to its abundance and many technical advantages, however, as a construction material, earth is vulnerable to moisture. Ongoing research into gypsum-stabilized earth (known as Alker) at Istanbul Technical University since 1978 demonstrates the superior physical properties, increased durability, and human health benefits of this improved earthen material. This study examines the use of Alker as a wall material to contribute to sustainable development in Northern Cyprus. The historical building materials and environmental resources of Cyprus are investigated and documented to gain an idea of what is involved in the socio-cultural, economical, and ecological sustainability.
İTÜDERGİSİ/a, 2010
Bu makale, birinci yazar tarafından İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yapı Bilgisi Programı'nda tamaml... more Bu makale, birinci yazar tarafından İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yapı Bilgisi Programı'nda tamamlanmış olan "Beton esaslı prefabrike ilköğretim binalarında ısıtma enerjisine bağlı enerji kazanımı çevre kirliliği ve ısıtma ekonomisi kriterlerinin değerlendirilmesi" adlı doktora tezinden hazırlanmıştır.
RILEM Bookseries, 2019
Earthen wall has low thermal conductivity and very good energy storage capacity, it can contribut... more Earthen wall has low thermal conductivity and very good energy storage capacity, it can contribute to minimizing the global energy consumption. Although one third of the global population lives in earthen houses, construction technology is still not advanced in this field. Earthen buildings when damaged or collapsed, pose a higher threat to human health than other buildings, through inhalation of soil-dust which can be fatal.
Yapi Malzemesi karari, insanlarin hayatta kalma ve saglikli yasamalari icin onemlidir. Bilgi, mal... more Yapi Malzemesi karari, insanlarin hayatta kalma ve saglikli yasamalari icin onemlidir. Bilgi, malzeme ve enerji 1970'lerde insanlarin cagdas uygarliginin ucayagi olarak nitelendirilmistir. Gunumuzde malzemenin her gecen gun daha onemli oldugu gorulmektedir. Yore ozelliklerine gore yapilarda farkli malzemeler kullanilir. Bu bolgelerden biri olan Van yoresi, kirsal kesimlerinde yapilar tamamen dogal cevreden elde edilen malzemeler ile insa edilmistir. Endustriyel yapi malzemelerinin bolgeye ulasmasi, ekonomik imkânlarin satin alma duzeyine gelmesi sonucu yapilarda son donemde bir degisim gorulmektedir. Calisma kapsaminda Van koy evlerinde surec icerisindeki yapi malzeme kullanimdaki degisim incelenmistir. Yapilan calisma sonucunda yeni yapilan konutlarda malzeme secimi yapilirken insan sagligi ile ilgili sartlarin saglanamadigi, yasam konforuna arti saglayacak orgutlenmenin yapilamadigi gorulmektedir.
ÖZET Suyu, mimari tasarımda yapının yerleştiği alternatif tasarım alanı olarak düşündüğümüzde get... more ÖZET Suyu, mimari tasarımda yapının yerleştiği alternatif tasarım alanı olarak düşündüğümüzde getirdiği fırsatlar; yeni fonksiyonlar için tasarım yapılmasına ve yüzen yerleşim oluşturma potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamasıdır. Bu çalışmada yüzen bir yapının mühendislik tasarımının yanında, mimari tasarım sürecini etkileyen koşullar incelenmiştir. Yüzen mimari yapıya etkiyen rüzgâr ve dalganın, kullanıcı konforunu azaltacak hareket etkilerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada bu etkiler, yüzen mimari tasarım sürecinde aktif tasarım öğesi desteği olarak kullanılmıştır. Çevresel sınır koşullarını oluşturan rüzgâr ve dalganın, meydana getirdiği yanal yüklerin yüzen yapıya etkidiği noktadan, yapının bağlandığı zemine kadar olan aktarımı sürecinde meydana getirdiği yapı salınım hareketini oluşturan öncelikli etmenler, yapısal bütünlük açısından belirlenmiş, uzman sistemlerden yararlanarak değerlendirilmiş, yapıya etki derecesi kural tabanı haline dönüştü...
In consideration of many concepts such as “sustainable, ecological, green, climate and environmen... more In consideration of many concepts such as “sustainable, ecological, green, climate and environment-friendly, high performance, intelligent, passive, carbon-neutral buildings” the objective of the applications, becoming evident today, is to produce structures, making us respect and take care of the “nature” with reference to the risk of failure of future generations to survive. The objective of this study is to draw attention to the utility of wood, a renewable material, in this respect in sustainable, organic and ecological architectures, which have gained more importance nowadays, based on the increasing interest in natural life and use of natural materials in the world in recent years. In this regard, technical specifications of wooden materials are mentioned, wooden-material based several structures are analyzed and samples are provided thereof.
Mudbrick has become a more important material in construction as environmental pollution increase... more Mudbrick has become a more important material in construction as environmental pollution increases considerably. One of the weakest aspects of the adobe material is its non-resistance towards water. When water contacts with soil it can often cause mass loss by melting, which leads to a considerable decrease in strength. In this study, additives based of enzyme and polymer were used, aiming to increase water resistance in adobe structures. Furthermore samples were produced to compare the results without any additives. The specimens were left for 30 days to gain strength and afterwards water absorption and pressure tests were applied to the samples prepared. Chemical analysis has been carried out in order to understand the content of the soil used in the sample production. It can be concluded that the additives used in the tests result in adobes with higher water resistance. The enzyme used in the experiments is protein originated and forms a chemical reaction with minerals, water and soil. The polymers used in the experiments are also part of the natural environment. Therefore, the additives used for the experiment are harmless to human health. They have interacted with the minerals in the soil to strengthen the material. The additives used in the study have shown positive and estimated results. Enzyme and polymer-added adobe are more resistant to water. It is thought that the results obtained in the study will contribute to the mudbrick construction sector.
This chapter analyzes the case study of Kanlidere watershed in Cyprus to explore a potential " re... more This chapter analyzes the case study of Kanlidere watershed in Cyprus to explore a potential " reintroducing " of the river to its surrounding residential communities (and, on a broader level, to society), in an effective protection and restoration approach of the environment. The Kanlidere (Pedios) is Cyprus' longest river where its watershed has considerable importance for the environmental sustainability of Northern Cyprus. There has been waste, vegetation, and other materials accumulated in the riverbed over many years of neglect, which led to thick vegetation growth and water pooling. This chapter examines the site in order to preserve its overall ecological health, facilitating the improvement of the communities in the future.
Conference Presentations by bilge IŞIK
The 1. International Conference of SilkGIS, 2017
Connecting the Far East with Europe, historical Silk Road has served as a bridge among the civili... more Connecting the Far East with Europe, historical Silk Road has served as a bridge among the civilizations throughout the centuries. Not only the trade goods but also science, art, armies, opinions, culture and religious beliefs are conveyed on this road. In a globalizing world, where trade volume gradually increases, countries are now in need of Silk Road, much more than they used to be, which decreased in value with the growth of sea transport. Having a major role in our life since the past years; the effects of Silk Road on the societies are analyzed in this study. Detailed studies were conducted about the history, geography and spheres of influence of Silk Road. Social and cultural interactions, strong ties experienced between the nations of Silk Road were revealed and it was emphasized what a significant role Silk Road played in the transfers therewith. In this respect, the importance of experiencing the same interactions at the present time and revitalizing this historical road was emphasized in the conclusion part.
Keywords: Silk Road, Culture, Societies and Interaction, Tourism.
Building and Environment, 2008
The materials and energy sources needed for construction are limited by island conditions. Until ... more The materials and energy sources needed for construction are limited by island conditions. Until recent decades, earth was widely used as a construction material in northern Cyprus due to its abundance and many technical advantages, however, as a construction material, earth is vulnerable to moisture. Ongoing research into gypsum-stabilized earth (known as Alker) at Istanbul Technical University since 1978 demonstrates the superior physical properties, increased durability, and human health benefits of this improved earthen material. This study examines the use of Alker as a wall material to contribute to sustainable development in Northern Cyprus. The historical building materials and environmental resources of Cyprus are investigated and documented to gain an idea of what is involved in the socio-cultural, economical, and ecological sustainability.
İTÜDERGİSİ/a, 2010
Bu makale, birinci yazar tarafından İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yapı Bilgisi Programı'nda tamaml... more Bu makale, birinci yazar tarafından İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yapı Bilgisi Programı'nda tamamlanmış olan "Beton esaslı prefabrike ilköğretim binalarında ısıtma enerjisine bağlı enerji kazanımı çevre kirliliği ve ısıtma ekonomisi kriterlerinin değerlendirilmesi" adlı doktora tezinden hazırlanmıştır.
RILEM Bookseries, 2019
Earthen wall has low thermal conductivity and very good energy storage capacity, it can contribut... more Earthen wall has low thermal conductivity and very good energy storage capacity, it can contribute to minimizing the global energy consumption. Although one third of the global population lives in earthen houses, construction technology is still not advanced in this field. Earthen buildings when damaged or collapsed, pose a higher threat to human health than other buildings, through inhalation of soil-dust which can be fatal.
Yapi Malzemesi karari, insanlarin hayatta kalma ve saglikli yasamalari icin onemlidir. Bilgi, mal... more Yapi Malzemesi karari, insanlarin hayatta kalma ve saglikli yasamalari icin onemlidir. Bilgi, malzeme ve enerji 1970'lerde insanlarin cagdas uygarliginin ucayagi olarak nitelendirilmistir. Gunumuzde malzemenin her gecen gun daha onemli oldugu gorulmektedir. Yore ozelliklerine gore yapilarda farkli malzemeler kullanilir. Bu bolgelerden biri olan Van yoresi, kirsal kesimlerinde yapilar tamamen dogal cevreden elde edilen malzemeler ile insa edilmistir. Endustriyel yapi malzemelerinin bolgeye ulasmasi, ekonomik imkânlarin satin alma duzeyine gelmesi sonucu yapilarda son donemde bir degisim gorulmektedir. Calisma kapsaminda Van koy evlerinde surec icerisindeki yapi malzeme kullanimdaki degisim incelenmistir. Yapilan calisma sonucunda yeni yapilan konutlarda malzeme secimi yapilirken insan sagligi ile ilgili sartlarin saglanamadigi, yasam konforuna arti saglayacak orgutlenmenin yapilamadigi gorulmektedir.
ÖZET Suyu, mimari tasarımda yapının yerleştiği alternatif tasarım alanı olarak düşündüğümüzde get... more ÖZET Suyu, mimari tasarımda yapının yerleştiği alternatif tasarım alanı olarak düşündüğümüzde getirdiği fırsatlar; yeni fonksiyonlar için tasarım yapılmasına ve yüzen yerleşim oluşturma potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamasıdır. Bu çalışmada yüzen bir yapının mühendislik tasarımının yanında, mimari tasarım sürecini etkileyen koşullar incelenmiştir. Yüzen mimari yapıya etkiyen rüzgâr ve dalganın, kullanıcı konforunu azaltacak hareket etkilerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada bu etkiler, yüzen mimari tasarım sürecinde aktif tasarım öğesi desteği olarak kullanılmıştır. Çevresel sınır koşullarını oluşturan rüzgâr ve dalganın, meydana getirdiği yanal yüklerin yüzen yapıya etkidiği noktadan, yapının bağlandığı zemine kadar olan aktarımı sürecinde meydana getirdiği yapı salınım hareketini oluşturan öncelikli etmenler, yapısal bütünlük açısından belirlenmiş, uzman sistemlerden yararlanarak değerlendirilmiş, yapıya etki derecesi kural tabanı haline dönüştü...
In consideration of many concepts such as “sustainable, ecological, green, climate and environmen... more In consideration of many concepts such as “sustainable, ecological, green, climate and environment-friendly, high performance, intelligent, passive, carbon-neutral buildings” the objective of the applications, becoming evident today, is to produce structures, making us respect and take care of the “nature” with reference to the risk of failure of future generations to survive. The objective of this study is to draw attention to the utility of wood, a renewable material, in this respect in sustainable, organic and ecological architectures, which have gained more importance nowadays, based on the increasing interest in natural life and use of natural materials in the world in recent years. In this regard, technical specifications of wooden materials are mentioned, wooden-material based several structures are analyzed and samples are provided thereof.
Mudbrick has become a more important material in construction as environmental pollution increase... more Mudbrick has become a more important material in construction as environmental pollution increases considerably. One of the weakest aspects of the adobe material is its non-resistance towards water. When water contacts with soil it can often cause mass loss by melting, which leads to a considerable decrease in strength. In this study, additives based of enzyme and polymer were used, aiming to increase water resistance in adobe structures. Furthermore samples were produced to compare the results without any additives. The specimens were left for 30 days to gain strength and afterwards water absorption and pressure tests were applied to the samples prepared. Chemical analysis has been carried out in order to understand the content of the soil used in the sample production. It can be concluded that the additives used in the tests result in adobes with higher water resistance. The enzyme used in the experiments is protein originated and forms a chemical reaction with minerals, water and soil. The polymers used in the experiments are also part of the natural environment. Therefore, the additives used for the experiment are harmless to human health. They have interacted with the minerals in the soil to strengthen the material. The additives used in the study have shown positive and estimated results. Enzyme and polymer-added adobe are more resistant to water. It is thought that the results obtained in the study will contribute to the mudbrick construction sector.
This chapter analyzes the case study of Kanlidere watershed in Cyprus to explore a potential " re... more This chapter analyzes the case study of Kanlidere watershed in Cyprus to explore a potential " reintroducing " of the river to its surrounding residential communities (and, on a broader level, to society), in an effective protection and restoration approach of the environment. The Kanlidere (Pedios) is Cyprus' longest river where its watershed has considerable importance for the environmental sustainability of Northern Cyprus. There has been waste, vegetation, and other materials accumulated in the riverbed over many years of neglect, which led to thick vegetation growth and water pooling. This chapter examines the site in order to preserve its overall ecological health, facilitating the improvement of the communities in the future.
The 1. International Conference of SilkGIS, 2017
Connecting the Far East with Europe, historical Silk Road has served as a bridge among the civili... more Connecting the Far East with Europe, historical Silk Road has served as a bridge among the civilizations throughout the centuries. Not only the trade goods but also science, art, armies, opinions, culture and religious beliefs are conveyed on this road. In a globalizing world, where trade volume gradually increases, countries are now in need of Silk Road, much more than they used to be, which decreased in value with the growth of sea transport. Having a major role in our life since the past years; the effects of Silk Road on the societies are analyzed in this study. Detailed studies were conducted about the history, geography and spheres of influence of Silk Road. Social and cultural interactions, strong ties experienced between the nations of Silk Road were revealed and it was emphasized what a significant role Silk Road played in the transfers therewith. In this respect, the importance of experiencing the same interactions at the present time and revitalizing this historical road was emphasized in the conclusion part.
Keywords: Silk Road, Culture, Societies and Interaction, Tourism.