Oyetunde Salawu | Babcock University (original) (raw)

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P = 0.382) with typhoid (23.7 %) and fever (2.6 %) constituting the most and least common water b... more P = 0.382) with typhoid (23.7 %) and fever (2.6 %) constituting the most and least common water borne diseases mentioned by the women. Health education and provision of good water supply should be integrated into the control strategies in order reduce transmission in endemic areas.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2013

and sharing with colleagues.

Journal of pediatric urology, 2013

Objective: The study evaluates the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and diagnostic perfor... more Objective: The study evaluates the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and diagnostic performance of chemical reagent strips used for disease diagnosis in preschoolaged children ( 5 years) in Nigeria rural communities. Patients and methods: Urine samples from 419 children were observed microscopically for Schistosoma haematobium and screened for hematuria using standard urine chemical reagent strips. Results: Prevalence and intensity of infection were 9.8% and 14.4 eggs/10 ml of urine, respectively. Prevalence of infection was similar in girls (10%) and boys (9.6%) (p > 0.05). The intensity of infection was higher in boys (17.1 eggs/10 ml of urine) than in girls (12.8 eggs/10 ml of urine); however, this was not gender dependent (p > 0.05). The occurrence of hematuria was not associated with gender (p > 0.05), but was associated with prevalence of infection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Infection with S. haematobium occurs early in life in the communities and although intensity of infection is low, it could have serious implications in disease transmission. Hematuria, although moderately sensitive to infection, is an important morbidity indicator of urogenital schistosomiasis in the study population.

Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is a serious public health problem in rural c... more Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is a serious public health problem in rural communities of Nigeria. The study assessed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and associated clinical morbidities in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State. Microscopic examination of thick blood smears of 500 participants of both sexes and age ranging from 1 to 79 years was conducted. Visual observations of clinical manifestations of chronic infection were also conducted. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were 21% and 21.4 mf/mL of blood respectively. Microfilaraemic prevalence was significantly higher in males (27.1%) than in females (16%) (P < 0.001). However, intensity of infection was not gender and age dependent (P > 0.05). The overall prevalence of all clinical manifestations of infection due to W. bancrofti is 15% with hydrocele, limb and breast elephantiasis constituting 16.9%, 4.6% and 5.1% of the total population respectively. Prevalence of hydrocele and limb elephantiasis was significantly higher in the older age groups (P < 0.05). Occurrence of elephantiasis of the breast in women however was not associated with age (P > 0.05). Integrated approach through chemotherapy and vector control is therefore advocated to reduce morbidity due to infection in this study area. ª

The endemicity of schistosomiasis depends to a large extent on the presence of appropriate freshw... more The endemicity of schistosomiasis depends to a large extent on the presence of appropriate freshwater snail species with latent infection, and the quality of the microhabitat of the snails may favour or hinder their development and growth. Monthly in situ determinations of water temperature, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), conductivity and dissolved oxygen were carried out. Monthly sampling of snails was also conducted. The planorbid snail species morphologically identified were Gyraulus costulatus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus globosus, B. senegalensis, B. jousseaumei, Segmentorbis augustus, Ferrisia sp and Lymnaea natalensis. The most abundant snail species was Gyraulus costulatus (62.2%). Snail density correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (r = 0.349; P = 0.266), while a negative relationship occurred between snail density and conductivity (r = À0.064; P = 0.843). None of the B. globosus examined shed cercariae, while 12.5% of B. jousseaumei shed cercariae. The occurrence of B. jousseaumei in this study proves its presence in Nigeria and suggests its combined roles with B. globosus in the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in the endemic rural communities of Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Further studies on the geographical distribution of B. jousseaumei are recommended for better understanding of its epidemiological contribution to schistosomiasis in Nigeria. P = 0,266) alors qu'il y avait une relation n egative entre la densit e des mollusques et la conductivit e (r = À0,064; P = 0,843). Aucun des B. globosus examin es ne r epandait de cercaires alors que 12,5% des B. jousseaumei en d eversaient. L'occurrence de B. jousseaumei dans cette etude prouve sa pr esence au Nigeria et laisse penser qu'il partage avec B. globosus le rôle de transmettre la schistosomiase urog enitale dans les communaut es rurales end emiques de l'Aire gouvernementale locale de Yewa-nord dans l' Etat d'Ogun, au Nigeria. L'on recommande de nouvelles etudes sur la distribution g eographique de B. jousseaumei afin de mieux comprendre sa contribution epid emiologique a la schistosomiase au Nigeria.

Problem statement: Urinary schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Nigeria and for effective control... more Problem statement: Urinary schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Nigeria and for effective control measure, an efficient, quick and yet cheap diagnosis should be integrated. This will ensure the proper management of infection due to Schistosoma haematobium in low resource communities of Nigeria. Approach: This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 456 (252 males, 204 females) school children aged 3-20 years between November 2010 and June 2011. Urine samples were examined macroscopically for turbidity and subsequently screened for microhaematuria using diagnostic reagent strips. The microscopic examination of urine samples for schistosome eggs was used as the standard for diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium and geometric mean intensity of infection were 54.8% and 13.9 ± 0.67 eggs/10 mL of urine respectively. The age and sex prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The prevalences of urine turbidity and microhaematuria were 37.1 and 53.9% respectively and these varied significantly across age groups (p<0.05). The sensitivities of urine turbidity and microhaematuria used for the indirect diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis were 54.8 and 59.3 (p>0.05) with their corresponding specificities 80.2 and 65.8% respectively. Intensity of infection was significantly correlated with the indirect diagnostic methods, urine turbidity (r = 0.203, p<0.01) and microhaematuria (r = 0.487, p<0.01). Conclusion: The possible use of urine turbidity as an indicator for rapid diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in low resource communities is implied.

The study evaluated the molluscicidal effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of two Nigerian indigeno... more The study evaluated the molluscicidal effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of two Nigerian indigenous medicinal plants; Terminalia catappa and Carica papaya. Different concentrations 2500, 630, 160, 40 and 10 ppm were prepared from the stock solution of the extracts. Adult Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus were exposed to these different graded concentrations. Mortalities were observed at intervals of time. There were strong positive correlations between mortalities observed in snails and extracts' concentrations; R2 = 0.997 and 0.952 in T. catappa exposed B. pfeifferi and B. globosus respectively and R2 = 0.925and 0.937 in C. papaya exposed B. pfeifferi and B. globosus respectively. The lethal concentration for T. catappa and C. papaya ethanol extracts respectively. The corresponding LC90 values were (1222.8, 1874.9 ppm) and (4515.9, 1180.7 ppm) for T. catappa and C. papaya ethanol extracts respectively. The results from the lethal concentration values showed that B. pfeifferi is more susceptible to T. catappa while B. globosus is more susceptible to C. papaya ethanolic leaf extracts.

The molluscicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of the plant Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated ag... more The molluscicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of the plant Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated against different stages: eggs, juveniles and adults of the freshwater snail Bulinus globosus. Ten healthy one week old juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of the extract for 3 h, while three to four weeks old snails and the adults were exposed for 24 h. The egg masses were exposed for seven days. The mortality rates varied with concentrations and time of exposure. The LC 50 values for the eggs, of one week old juveniles, three to four week old immature snails and the adult snails were 0.614, 0.196, 0.161 and 0.077 ppm, respectively. The corresponding LC 90 values were 0.796, 0.353, 0.274 and 0.467 ppm, respectively. The results showed that the egg stage of B. globosus was the most resistant to the ethanolic extract of H. suaveolens.

The nutritional contents of Carica papaya and Calotropis procera processed cheeses were evaluated... more The nutritional contents of Carica papaya and Calotropis procera processed cheeses were evaluated. The following nutrients and elements were assayed; fat, protein, moisture, sugar, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu and their values were 22.3 and 31.45%, 31.60 and 33.84%, 62.5 and 61.70%, 2.05 and 8.10%, 1.19 and 4.14%, 2.80 and 2.35%, 4.8 and 4.7%, 4.6 and 7.3% for C. papaya and C. procera processed cheeses, respectively. The values obtained for fat, protein, sugar, Zn, and Cu were higher in C. procera processed cheese while Fe and Mn were higher in C. papaya processed cheese. This work therefore showed that even though C. procera have higher nutrient compositions, C. papaya processed cheese could be a good supplement for Fe and Mn in food deficient of the minerals.

P = 0.382) with typhoid (23.7 %) and fever (2.6 %) constituting the most and least common water b... more P = 0.382) with typhoid (23.7 %) and fever (2.6 %) constituting the most and least common water borne diseases mentioned by the women. Health education and provision of good water supply should be integrated into the control strategies in order reduce transmission in endemic areas.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2013

and sharing with colleagues.

Journal of pediatric urology, 2013

Objective: The study evaluates the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and diagnostic perfor... more Objective: The study evaluates the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis and diagnostic performance of chemical reagent strips used for disease diagnosis in preschoolaged children ( 5 years) in Nigeria rural communities. Patients and methods: Urine samples from 419 children were observed microscopically for Schistosoma haematobium and screened for hematuria using standard urine chemical reagent strips. Results: Prevalence and intensity of infection were 9.8% and 14.4 eggs/10 ml of urine, respectively. Prevalence of infection was similar in girls (10%) and boys (9.6%) (p > 0.05). The intensity of infection was higher in boys (17.1 eggs/10 ml of urine) than in girls (12.8 eggs/10 ml of urine); however, this was not gender dependent (p > 0.05). The occurrence of hematuria was not associated with gender (p > 0.05), but was associated with prevalence of infection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Infection with S. haematobium occurs early in life in the communities and although intensity of infection is low, it could have serious implications in disease transmission. Hematuria, although moderately sensitive to infection, is an important morbidity indicator of urogenital schistosomiasis in the study population.

Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is a serious public health problem in rural c... more Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is a serious public health problem in rural communities of Nigeria. The study assessed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and associated clinical morbidities in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State. Microscopic examination of thick blood smears of 500 participants of both sexes and age ranging from 1 to 79 years was conducted. Visual observations of clinical manifestations of chronic infection were also conducted. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were 21% and 21.4 mf/mL of blood respectively. Microfilaraemic prevalence was significantly higher in males (27.1%) than in females (16%) (P < 0.001). However, intensity of infection was not gender and age dependent (P > 0.05). The overall prevalence of all clinical manifestations of infection due to W. bancrofti is 15% with hydrocele, limb and breast elephantiasis constituting 16.9%, 4.6% and 5.1% of the total population respectively. Prevalence of hydrocele and limb elephantiasis was significantly higher in the older age groups (P < 0.05). Occurrence of elephantiasis of the breast in women however was not associated with age (P > 0.05). Integrated approach through chemotherapy and vector control is therefore advocated to reduce morbidity due to infection in this study area. ª

The endemicity of schistosomiasis depends to a large extent on the presence of appropriate freshw... more The endemicity of schistosomiasis depends to a large extent on the presence of appropriate freshwater snail species with latent infection, and the quality of the microhabitat of the snails may favour or hinder their development and growth. Monthly in situ determinations of water temperature, pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), conductivity and dissolved oxygen were carried out. Monthly sampling of snails was also conducted. The planorbid snail species morphologically identified were Gyraulus costulatus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus globosus, B. senegalensis, B. jousseaumei, Segmentorbis augustus, Ferrisia sp and Lymnaea natalensis. The most abundant snail species was Gyraulus costulatus (62.2%). Snail density correlated positively with dissolved oxygen (r = 0.349; P = 0.266), while a negative relationship occurred between snail density and conductivity (r = À0.064; P = 0.843). None of the B. globosus examined shed cercariae, while 12.5% of B. jousseaumei shed cercariae. The occurrence of B. jousseaumei in this study proves its presence in Nigeria and suggests its combined roles with B. globosus in the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in the endemic rural communities of Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Further studies on the geographical distribution of B. jousseaumei are recommended for better understanding of its epidemiological contribution to schistosomiasis in Nigeria. P = 0,266) alors qu'il y avait une relation n egative entre la densit e des mollusques et la conductivit e (r = À0,064; P = 0,843). Aucun des B. globosus examin es ne r epandait de cercaires alors que 12,5% des B. jousseaumei en d eversaient. L'occurrence de B. jousseaumei dans cette etude prouve sa pr esence au Nigeria et laisse penser qu'il partage avec B. globosus le rôle de transmettre la schistosomiase urog enitale dans les communaut es rurales end emiques de l'Aire gouvernementale locale de Yewa-nord dans l' Etat d'Ogun, au Nigeria. L'on recommande de nouvelles etudes sur la distribution g eographique de B. jousseaumei afin de mieux comprendre sa contribution epid emiologique a la schistosomiase au Nigeria.

Problem statement: Urinary schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Nigeria and for effective control... more Problem statement: Urinary schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Nigeria and for effective control measure, an efficient, quick and yet cheap diagnosis should be integrated. This will ensure the proper management of infection due to Schistosoma haematobium in low resource communities of Nigeria. Approach: This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 456 (252 males, 204 females) school children aged 3-20 years between November 2010 and June 2011. Urine samples were examined macroscopically for turbidity and subsequently screened for microhaematuria using diagnostic reagent strips. The microscopic examination of urine samples for schistosome eggs was used as the standard for diagnosis. Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium and geometric mean intensity of infection were 54.8% and 13.9 ± 0.67 eggs/10 mL of urine respectively. The age and sex prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The prevalences of urine turbidity and microhaematuria were 37.1 and 53.9% respectively and these varied significantly across age groups (p<0.05). The sensitivities of urine turbidity and microhaematuria used for the indirect diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis were 54.8 and 59.3 (p>0.05) with their corresponding specificities 80.2 and 65.8% respectively. Intensity of infection was significantly correlated with the indirect diagnostic methods, urine turbidity (r = 0.203, p<0.01) and microhaematuria (r = 0.487, p<0.01). Conclusion: The possible use of urine turbidity as an indicator for rapid diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in low resource communities is implied.

The study evaluated the molluscicidal effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of two Nigerian indigeno... more The study evaluated the molluscicidal effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of two Nigerian indigenous medicinal plants; Terminalia catappa and Carica papaya. Different concentrations 2500, 630, 160, 40 and 10 ppm were prepared from the stock solution of the extracts. Adult Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus were exposed to these different graded concentrations. Mortalities were observed at intervals of time. There were strong positive correlations between mortalities observed in snails and extracts' concentrations; R2 = 0.997 and 0.952 in T. catappa exposed B. pfeifferi and B. globosus respectively and R2 = 0.925and 0.937 in C. papaya exposed B. pfeifferi and B. globosus respectively. The lethal concentration for T. catappa and C. papaya ethanol extracts respectively. The corresponding LC90 values were (1222.8, 1874.9 ppm) and (4515.9, 1180.7 ppm) for T. catappa and C. papaya ethanol extracts respectively. The results from the lethal concentration values showed that B. pfeifferi is more susceptible to T. catappa while B. globosus is more susceptible to C. papaya ethanolic leaf extracts.

The molluscicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of the plant Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated ag... more The molluscicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of the plant Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated against different stages: eggs, juveniles and adults of the freshwater snail Bulinus globosus. Ten healthy one week old juveniles were exposed to different concentrations of the extract for 3 h, while three to four weeks old snails and the adults were exposed for 24 h. The egg masses were exposed for seven days. The mortality rates varied with concentrations and time of exposure. The LC 50 values for the eggs, of one week old juveniles, three to four week old immature snails and the adult snails were 0.614, 0.196, 0.161 and 0.077 ppm, respectively. The corresponding LC 90 values were 0.796, 0.353, 0.274 and 0.467 ppm, respectively. The results showed that the egg stage of B. globosus was the most resistant to the ethanolic extract of H. suaveolens.

The nutritional contents of Carica papaya and Calotropis procera processed cheeses were evaluated... more The nutritional contents of Carica papaya and Calotropis procera processed cheeses were evaluated. The following nutrients and elements were assayed; fat, protein, moisture, sugar, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu and their values were 22.3 and 31.45%, 31.60 and 33.84%, 62.5 and 61.70%, 2.05 and 8.10%, 1.19 and 4.14%, 2.80 and 2.35%, 4.8 and 4.7%, 4.6 and 7.3% for C. papaya and C. procera processed cheeses, respectively. The values obtained for fat, protein, sugar, Zn, and Cu were higher in C. procera processed cheese while Fe and Mn were higher in C. papaya processed cheese. This work therefore showed that even though C. procera have higher nutrient compositions, C. papaya processed cheese could be a good supplement for Fe and Mn in food deficient of the minerals.