adnan kusman | Bahcesehir University (original) (raw)

Papers by adnan kusman

IntechOpen eBooks, May 27, 2024

Schizophrenia is a disorder that begins at a young age and causes severe mortality and morbidity.... more Schizophrenia is a disorder that begins at a young age and causes severe mortality and morbidity. The aetiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia are still not known precisely. It is a very complex syndrome, and it is thought that more than one aetiological factor plays a role in its emergence. Genetics, epigenetics, and environmental and gene-environment interaction play a role in the aetiology of the disease. In addition, post-mortem neuropathological findings, neuroimaging findings, neurochemical studies, neuropsychological study results, and neurophysiological study results shed light on the mechanisms that cause the disease to occur. This chapter will provide an overview of the diathesis-stress, neurodegeneration, and neurodevelopmental models and summarise the work done so far in many areas.

Archives of Neuropsychiatry

Journal of Affective Disorders, Mar 1, 2021

Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits interfere in social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (SCZ) an... more Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits interfere in social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (SCZ) and are increasingly recognized to do so in bipolar disorder (BD), however their clinical and neurobiological correlates remain unclear. This study represents the first direct comparison of subjects with SCZ (N = 26), BD (N = 26) and healthy controls (N = 33) in cortical activity during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) with the control condition (CC) involving gender identification via the same stimuli. The three groups were compared with a comprehensive ToM battery and assessed in terms of the relationship of ToM performance with clinical symptoms, insight and functioning. The controls scored higher than the SCZ and BD groups in ToM assessments, with SCZ group showing the worse performance in terms of meta-representation and empathy. The SCZ group ToM scores inversely correlated with negative symptom severity and positively correlated with insight; BD group ToM scores negatively correlated with subclinical mania symptoms and projected functioning. Cortical activity was higher during the ToM condition compared to the CC in the pre-motor and supplementary-motor cortices, middle and superior temporal gyri, and the primary somatosensory cortex. Group x Condition interaction was detected whereby activity was higher during the ToM condition among controls with no detected difference between SCZ and BD groups. The results suggest that ToM is represented similarly in cortical activity in SCZ and BD compared to healthy controls pointing to possible neurobiological convergence of SCZ and BD in underlying impairments of social cognition.

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, Apr 11, 2020

Introduction: Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer, ost... more Introduction: Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer, osteoporosis, and post-menopausal symptoms. Also, tamoxifen is currently under investigation for its anti-manic properties. In this article, we report a case who developed manic episode following the initiation of tamoxifen and remitted with discontinuation of the medication. Case Report: A 58-year-old woman was diagnosed with breast cancer. Pathologic diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma. Following bilateral total mastectomy operation, trastuzumab was initiated with intervals of 21 days. Five days before the fourth application of trastuzumab, tamoxifen was added. On the sixth day following the initiation of tamoxifen, manic symptoms were developed and she was diagnosed as acute mania. Management and Outcome: The oncology department suggested withdrawing tamoxifen due to a possible association between tamoxifen initiation and behavioral symptoms. Manic symptoms were rapidly (approximately 24 h) improved following cessation of tamoxifen. Psychiatric evaluation on the fifth day following cessation of tamoxifen revealed no manic symptoms. An aromatase inhibitor-exemestane was initiated and she showed no side effects with this medication since then. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of probable tamoxifen-induced mania. Our case report at least indicates that there were possibly some patients who were sensitive to the tamoxifen's nervous system effects, mainly to manic effects. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of these rare behavioral adverse effects of tamoxifen.

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2021

BACKGROUND The cognitive and emotional vulnerability of individuals with social anxiety disorder ... more BACKGROUND The cognitive and emotional vulnerability of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and their response to repeated experiences of social rejection and social acceptance are important factors for the emergence and maintenance of symptoms of the disorder. Functional neuroimaging studies of SAD reveal hyperactivity in regions involved in the fear circuit such as amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortices (PFC) in response to human faces with negative emotions. Observation of brain activity, however, involving studies of responses to standardized human interaction of social acceptance and social rejection have been lacking. METHODS We compared a group of index subjects with SAD (N = 22, mean age:26.3 ± 5.4, female/male: 7/15) (SADG) with a group of healthy controls (CG) (N = 21, mean age:28.7 ± 4.5, female/male: 14/7) in measures of cortical activity during standardized experiences of human interaction involving social acceptance (SA) and social rejection (SR) video-simulated handshaking tasks performed by real actors. In a third, control condition (CC), the subjects were expected to press a switch button in an equivalent space. Subjects with a concurrent mood episode were excluded and the severity of subclinical depressive symptoms was controlled. 52-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cortical activity. RESULTS Activity was higher in the SAD subjects compared to healthy controls, in particular in channels that project to middle and superior temporal gyri (STG), frontal eye fields (FEF) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in terms of both SA and SR conditions. Cortical activity during the CC was not different between the groups. Only in the SAD-group, activity in the pre-motor and supplementary motor cortices, inferior and middle temporal gyri and fronto-polar area was higher during the rejection condition than the other two conditions. Anxiety scores were correlated with activity in STG, DLPFC, FEF and premotor cortex, while avoidance scores were correlated with activity in STG and FEF. CONCLUSIONS SA and SR are represented differently in terms of cortical activity in SAD subjects compared to healthy controls. Higher activity in both social conditions in SAD subjects compared to controls may imply biological sensitivity to these experiences and may underscore the importance of increased cortical activity during social interaction experiences as a putative mediator of vulnerability to SAD. Higher cortical activity in the SADG may possibly indicate stronger need for inhibitory control mechanisms and higher recruitment of theory of mind functions during social stress. Higher activity during the SR compared to the SA condition in the SAD subjects may also suggest distinct processing of social cues, whether they involve acceptance or rejection.

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, Sep 1, 2020

Studies that examined the effect of clozapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenia provided co... more Studies that examined the effect of clozapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenia provided contradictory results. N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC) is the major metabolite of clozapine and have procognitive effects via agonistic activity in the M1 cholinergic receptors. The rs2067477 polymorphism in the M1 receptors may play role in cognitive profile in schizophrenia. We investigated the association of plasma clozapine (PClz), NDMC (PNdmc) levels and the rs2067477 polymorphism with cognitive functions and cortical activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during the N-Back task in subjects with schizophrenia (N = 50) who are under antipsychotic monotherapy with clozapine. We found that PClz and PNdmc levels were negatively, PNdmc/PClz ratio was positively correlated with immediate recall score in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. PNdmc/PClz ratio was positively correlated with cortical activity during the N-back task. M1 wild-type group (CC: wild-type) produced higher cortical activity than M1 non wild-type group (CA: heterozygote / AA: mutant) in cortical regions associated with working memory (WM). These results suggest that individual differences in clozapine's effect on short term episodic memory may be associated with PClz and PNdmc. Higher activity in the M1 wild-type group may indicate inefficient use of cortical resources and/or excessive use of certain cognitive strategies during WM performance.

Nöropsikiyatri arşivi, 2023

Early experiences of infant-caregiver relationships constitute mental representations called inte... more Early experiences of infant-caregiver relationships constitute mental representations called internal working models (IWMs) of attachment. These working models comprise several elements, including episodic memories, beliefs, goals, and plans. However, executive functioning may also be related to attachment style. Executive functions encompass the flexible control of attention, the ability to hold information through working memory and the maintenance of inhibitory control. These three executive function skills are the fundamental abilities for children and adults to achieve all kinds of daily life goals (1). Zimmermann et al. (2015) proposed that problem-solving, information processing, decision-making, social evaluation, perception, pattern recognition, attention, memory, and cognitive control comprises subprocesses associated with attachment (2). Del Villano et. al. (2014) demonstrated

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2021

et al., The relationship of cortical activity induced by pain stimulation with clinical and cogni... more et al., The relationship of cortical activity induced by pain stimulation with clinical and cognitive features of somatic symptom disorder: A controlled functional near infrared spectroscopy study,

2019 27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2019

With the use of ecologically validated tools more applicable measurements can be obtained, especi... more With the use of ecologically validated tools more applicable measurements can be obtained, especially of individuals who have psychological disorders. Functional Near- Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neural imaging method that comes into prominence for imaging patients who have psychological disorders. It is a desired method because of its feasibility, high resolution in time and its partial resistance to head movements. Following the developments in the artificial intelligence, individuals' medical data obtained from various methods are started to be used in neural networks to classify various health conditions. In this research, 1 dimensional time domain data of fNIRS, which is acquired during prepared tasks, are used to train a neural network for the diagnosis of a common mood disorder, the Bipolar Disorder. With the classification of this data, the distinguishability of ill subjects from healthy subjects is investigated by using a 1 dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is a feed-forward deep neural network. By means of the obtained results, it is observed that the Bipolar Disorder can be classified even during the remission period.

Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 2020

Minör fiziksel anomaliler (MFA) nörogelişimde bozulmanın işaretleyicileridir. Şizofrenide sağlıkl... more Minör fiziksel anomaliler (MFA) nörogelişimde bozulmanın işaretleyicileridir. Şizofrenide sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha sık görülmektedirler ve bu bulgu hastalığın nörogelişimsel modelini desteklemektedir. Ancak MFA'ların psikotik belirtilerle ilişkisi konusunda literatür tutarsızdır. Öte yandan, güncel kanıtlar sağlıklı kişilerde eşik altı psikotik belirtilerin (EAPB) yaygın biçimde görülebildiğini göstermekte ve bu durum psikotik deneyimin sürekliliğine işaret etmektedir. Öyleyse, sağlıklı kişilerde EAPB'nin şiddeti-şizofrenide olduğundan daha hafif derecede olsa da MFA şiddetiyle ilişkili olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı MFA'ların şizofreni spektrum bozuklukları olgularında psikotik belirtilerle, sağlıklı kimselerde ise EAPB ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Şizofreni spektrum bozuklukları olgularından oluşan olgu grubu (OG) (n=55), sağlıklı kimselerden derlenen bir kontrol grubuyla (KG) (n=61) kapsamlı bir MFA taramasına tabi tutulmuştur. Klinik grupta pozitif ve negatif belirtilerin şiddetiyle, kontrol grubunda ise EAPB'nin şiddetiyle MFA'ların sayı ve lokalizasyonları arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçüm yapılan çoğu topoğrafik bölgede MFA puanları KG'ye göre OG'de daha yüksektir. OG'de psikotik atak sayısı ve genel hastalık şiddeti MFA puanlarıyla koreledir. Kraniyo-fasiyal anomalileri pozitif belirtilerle ve özellikle kulak anomalileri dezorganizasyon boyutuyla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Benzer olarak KG'de EAPB'nin pozitif boyutuyla kraniyo-fasiyal MFA'ların arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Negatif belirtiler ve EAPB'nin negatif boyutuyla MFA'ların arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamız sağlıklı popülasyonda eşik altı psikotik yaşantılarla kraniyo-fasiyal anomaliler arasında bir ilişki olabileceğine dair ilk bildirimdir. Sonuçlar psikozun sürekliliği bağlamında, özellikle kraniyo-fasiyal MFA'larla pozitif belirtiler ve dezorganizasyon boyutu arasında bir ilişki olduğuna işaret etmekte olup, bu bulgu psikozun nörogelişimsel etiyolojisine ilişkin ipuçları sağlayabilir.

Journal of Psychophysiology, 2020

Results of the behavioral studies suggest that attachment styles may have an enduring effect upon... more Results of the behavioral studies suggest that attachment styles may have an enduring effect upon theory of mind (ToM). However biological underpinnings of this relationship are unclear. Here, we compared securely and insecurely attached first grade university students (N = 56) in terms of cortical activity measured by 52 channel Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the Reading the Mind from the Eyes Test (RMET). The control condition involved gender identification via the same stimuli. We found that the ToM condition evoked higher activity than the control condition particularly in the right hemisphere. We observed higher activity during the ToM condition relative to the control condition in the secure group (SG), whereas the overall cortical activity evoked by the two conditions was indistinguishable in the insecure group (ISG). Higher activity was observed in channels corresponding to right superior temporal and adjacent parietal cortices in the SG relative to the ISG during the ToM condition. Dismissive attachment scores were negatively correlated with activity in channels that correspond to right superior temporal cortex. These results suggest that attachment styles do have an effect on representation of ToM in terms of cortical activity in late adolescence. Particularly, dismissive attachment is represented by lower activity in the right superior temporal cortex during ToM, which might be

Journal of Neural Engineering, 2019

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, 2020

Introduction Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer, oste... more Introduction Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer, osteoporosis, and post-menopausal symptoms. Also, tamoxifen is currently under investigation for its anti-manic properties. In this article, we report a case who developed manic episode following the initiation of tamoxifen and remitted with discontinuation of the medication. Case Report A 58-year-old woman was diagnosed with breast cancer. Pathologic diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma. Following bilateral total mastectomy operation, trastuzumab was initiated with intervals of 21 days. Five days before the fourth application of trastuzumab, tamoxifen was added. On the sixth day following the initiation of tamoxifen, manic symptoms were developed and she was diagnosed as acute mania. Management and Outcome The oncology department suggested withdrawing tamoxifen due to a possible association between tamoxifen initiation and behavioral symptoms. Manic symptoms were rapidly (approximately 2...

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine

2019 27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU)

Journal of Affective Disorders

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Communications Faculty Of Science University of Ankara, 2017

In this study, we investigate the suitability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals (f... more In this study, we investigate the suitability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals (fNIRS) for person identification using data visualization and machine learning algorithms. We first applied two linear dimension reduction algorithms: Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in order to reduce the dimensionality of the fNIRS data. We then inspected the clustering of samples in a 2d space using a nonlinear projection algorithm. We observed with the SVD projection that the data integrity associated with each person is high in the reduced space. In the light of these observations, we implemented a random forest algorithm as a baseline model and a fully connected deep neural network (FCDNN) as the primary model to identify person from their brain signals. We obtained %85.16 accuracy with our FCDNN model using SVD reduction. Our results are in parallel with the neuroscience researches, which state that brain signals of each person are unique and can be used to identify a person.