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Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition among Under Five Children in Shashogo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Matched Case Control Study

Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 2014

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is one of the major killers of under five children in devel... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is one of the major killers of under five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, little information is known about the determinant factors of severe acute malnutrition. Hence this study identified the determinants of severe acute malnutrition in Shashogo woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An age matched community based case control study was conducted from February 20 to march 30, 2014 in 12 randomly selected rural kebeles of the Shashogo district, southern Ethiopia. The cases were 108 severely malnourished children under the age of five and the controls (n=108) were children without malnutrition recruited concurrently from under five children of the same kebele. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire and the anthropometric measurements of the children was taken using standard procedures. Descriptive and summary statistics was done. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using conditional logistic regression on SPSS version 20.0 and Epi info version 7 software in order to determine factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Result: Multivariate analysis with conditional logistic regression revealed that severe acute malnutrition was associated with maternal illiteracy (AOR=8.683, 95% CI 2.668-28.26), lack of maternal autonomy in decision making (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.272-9.414), diarrhea 2 weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.34-11.47), sub optimal frequency of complementary feeding (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.63-9.33) and visit to health institution after 24 hours of the onset of symptoms for sick child (AOR=3.95, 95% CI 1.465-10.647) after the effects of other significant variables were controlled. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study have confirmed the association of severe acute malnutrition with maternal education, maternal autonomy in decision making and inappropriate infant and young child caring practices. To reduce childhood malnutrition due emphasis should be given in empowering women and improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child caring practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in bahir dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: a case control study

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The impact is more severe among children aged 6-23 months. Severely malnourished children are nine times more likely to die than healthy children. Identification of the determinants of severe acute malnutrition under the age of two years can significantly reduce the burden of child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months at Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among a total sample size of 201 children (67 cases and 134 controls) in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tibebe Ghion Specialized teaching hospital, from February 2020-March 2020. Children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition were considered as cases and children with other problems were control groups. The study participants were randomly selected from pediatrics units in the two specialized hospitals. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 23 for analysis. Variables with (p < 0.25) in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. For multivariable analysis, a backward method was selected with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: In this study, 67 cases and 134 controls of children with their mothers had participated with an overall response rate of 100%. Family size > 5 [(AOR = 3.89, 95% CI:(1.19,-12.70)], average perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.015,-0.148)] and large perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.023, 95% CI:(0.002,-0.271)], introduction of complementary feeding before six months [(AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (1.44,-26.76)] and dietary diversity score < 5 groups [(AOR = 9.20, 95% CI; 3.40,-19.83)were significant factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: In this study, dietary diversity, family size, perceived birth weight, and initiation of complementary feeding were significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improving infant and young child feeding practices, especially timely initiation of complementary feeding and dietary diversity.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in bahir dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: a case control study

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The impact is more severe among children aged 6-23 months. Severely malnourished children are nine times more likely to die than healthy children. Identification of the determinants of severe acute malnutrition under the age of two years can significantly reduce the burden of child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months at Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among a total sample size of 201 children (67 cases and 134 controls) in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tibebe Ghion Specialized teaching hospital, from February 2020-March 2020. Children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition were considered as cases and children with other problems were control groups. The study participants were randomly selected from pediatrics units in the two specialized hospitals. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 23 for analysis. Variables with (p < 0.25) in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. For multivariable analysis, a backward method was selected with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: In this study, 67 cases and 134 controls of children with their mothers had participated with an overall response rate of 100%. Family size > 5 [(AOR = 3.89, 95% CI:(1.19,-12.70)], average perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.015,-0.148)] and large perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.023, 95% CI:(0.002,-0.271)], introduction of complementary feeding before six months [(AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (1.44,-26.76)] and dietary diversity score < 5 groups [(AOR = 9.20, 95% CI; 3.40,-19.83)were significant factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: In this study, dietary diversity, family size, perceived birth weight, and initiation of complementary feeding were significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improving infant and young child feeding practices, especially timely initiation of complementary feeding and dietary diversity.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on HIV care at South Gondar Zone Public General Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2020; retrospective cohort study

PLOS ONE

Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide which accounts 24.8% of the populati... more Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide which accounts 24.8% of the population. Subsequently, anemia is a leading killer of people living with human immunodeficiency virus and many of these deaths occur in developing countries including Ethiopia. Cross sectional studies have done on anemia and human immunodeficiency virus. However, there is limited study on incidence of anemia and its predictors among adults on HIV care, especially no survival study has been conducted in the study area. Objective To assess incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on Human immunodeficiency virus care. Methods An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 434 adults on HIV care from January 1st 2015 to December 30th 2019 at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. A computer-generated simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Bahir Dar University, and also...

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence and Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up Among Children Attending ART Clinics in Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background It is known that antiretroviral therapy reduces the transmission of human immunodefici... more Background It is known that antiretroviral therapy reduces the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS-related morbidity. The coverage of HIV drugs is increasing to control further spread of HIV and children living with HIV are the target groups in using these medications. However, loss to follow-up remains a critical challenge among these groups of the population. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among children attending antiretroviral therapy clinics. Methods A ten-year institution-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 448 children enrolled in antiretroviral therapy. Data were entered and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14 for further statistical analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival time and the Log rank test was used to compare the survival time between different categories of the explanatory variables. Multivariabl...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition among Under Five Children in Shashogo Woreda, Southern Ethiopia: A Community Based Matched Case Control Study

Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 2014

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is one of the major killers of under five children in devel... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is one of the major killers of under five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, little information is known about the determinant factors of severe acute malnutrition. Hence this study identified the determinants of severe acute malnutrition in Shashogo woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An age matched community based case control study was conducted from February 20 to march 30, 2014 in 12 randomly selected rural kebeles of the Shashogo district, southern Ethiopia. The cases were 108 severely malnourished children under the age of five and the controls (n=108) were children without malnutrition recruited concurrently from under five children of the same kebele. Data was collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire and the anthropometric measurements of the children was taken using standard procedures. Descriptive and summary statistics was done. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using conditional logistic regression on SPSS version 20.0 and Epi info version 7 software in order to determine factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Result: Multivariate analysis with conditional logistic regression revealed that severe acute malnutrition was associated with maternal illiteracy (AOR=8.683, 95% CI 2.668-28.26), lack of maternal autonomy in decision making (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.272-9.414), diarrhea 2 weeks preceding the survey (AOR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.34-11.47), sub optimal frequency of complementary feeding (AOR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.63-9.33) and visit to health institution after 24 hours of the onset of symptoms for sick child (AOR=3.95, 95% CI 1.465-10.647) after the effects of other significant variables were controlled. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study have confirmed the association of severe acute malnutrition with maternal education, maternal autonomy in decision making and inappropriate infant and young child caring practices. To reduce childhood malnutrition due emphasis should be given in empowering women and improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child caring practices.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in bahir dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: a case control study

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The impact is more severe among children aged 6-23 months. Severely malnourished children are nine times more likely to die than healthy children. Identification of the determinants of severe acute malnutrition under the age of two years can significantly reduce the burden of child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months at Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among a total sample size of 201 children (67 cases and 134 controls) in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tibebe Ghion Specialized teaching hospital, from February 2020-March 2020. Children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition were considered as cases and children with other problems were control groups. The study participants were randomly selected from pediatrics units in the two specialized hospitals. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 23 for analysis. Variables with (p < 0.25) in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. For multivariable analysis, a backward method was selected with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: In this study, 67 cases and 134 controls of children with their mothers had participated with an overall response rate of 100%. Family size > 5 [(AOR = 3.89, 95% CI:(1.19,-12.70)], average perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.015,-0.148)] and large perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.023, 95% CI:(0.002,-0.271)], introduction of complementary feeding before six months [(AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (1.44,-26.76)] and dietary diversity score < 5 groups [(AOR = 9.20, 95% CI; 3.40,-19.83)were significant factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: In this study, dietary diversity, family size, perceived birth weight, and initiation of complementary feeding were significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improving infant and young child feeding practices, especially timely initiation of complementary feeding and dietary diversity.

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months in bahir dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: a case control study

Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one... more Background: Severe acute malnutrition is a major problem among developing countries and it is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The impact is more severe among children aged 6-23 months. Severely malnourished children are nine times more likely to die than healthy children. Identification of the determinants of severe acute malnutrition under the age of two years can significantly reduce the burden of child morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-23 months at Bahir Dar city public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among a total sample size of 201 children (67 cases and 134 controls) in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Tibebe Ghion Specialized teaching hospital, from February 2020-March 2020. Children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition were considered as cases and children with other problems were control groups. The study participants were randomly selected from pediatrics units in the two specialized hospitals. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 23 for analysis. Variables with (p < 0.25) in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression. For multivariable analysis, a backward method was selected with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results: In this study, 67 cases and 134 controls of children with their mothers had participated with an overall response rate of 100%. Family size > 5 [(AOR = 3.89, 95% CI:(1.19,-12.70)], average perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.015,-0.148)] and large perceived birth weight [(AOR = 0.023, 95% CI:(0.002,-0.271)], introduction of complementary feeding before six months [(AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: (1.44,-26.76)] and dietary diversity score < 5 groups [(AOR = 9.20, 95% CI; 3.40,-19.83)were significant factors associated with severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: In this study, dietary diversity, family size, perceived birth weight, and initiation of complementary feeding were significantly associated with severe acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to improving infant and young child feeding practices, especially timely initiation of complementary feeding and dietary diversity.

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on HIV care at South Gondar Zone Public General Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2020; retrospective cohort study

PLOS ONE

Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide which accounts 24.8% of the populati... more Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide which accounts 24.8% of the population. Subsequently, anemia is a leading killer of people living with human immunodeficiency virus and many of these deaths occur in developing countries including Ethiopia. Cross sectional studies have done on anemia and human immunodeficiency virus. However, there is limited study on incidence of anemia and its predictors among adults on HIV care, especially no survival study has been conducted in the study area. Objective To assess incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on Human immunodeficiency virus care. Methods An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 434 adults on HIV care from January 1st 2015 to December 30th 2019 at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. A computer-generated simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Bahir Dar University, and also...

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence and Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up Among Children Attending ART Clinics in Northeast Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background It is known that antiretroviral therapy reduces the transmission of human immunodefici... more Background It is known that antiretroviral therapy reduces the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS-related morbidity. The coverage of HIV drugs is increasing to control further spread of HIV and children living with HIV are the target groups in using these medications. However, loss to follow-up remains a critical challenge among these groups of the population. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among children attending antiretroviral therapy clinics. Methods A ten-year institution-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 448 children enrolled in antiretroviral therapy. Data were entered and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14 for further statistical analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival time and the Log rank test was used to compare the survival time between different categories of the explanatory variables. Multivariabl...