Gunay Heydarli | Baku State University (original) (raw)
Papers by Gunay Heydarli
The spread of Catholicism among Eastern Christians had always been a priority of the Papacy. Miss... more The spread of Catholicism among Eastern Christians had always been a priority of the Papacy. Missionaries sent as diplomatic ambassadors attempted to subdue Eastern Christians to the Papacy, propagating Catholicism, and in turn received strong support from European Kings. The main purpose of the study is to examine the activities of missionaries who came to the Georgian lands and to study the reasons why Catholicism could not spread in the territories.
Revista Romana De Studii Eurasiatice, Anul XVI Nr.1-2.2020 , 2020
The Dominican and Augustinian missionary orders penetrating into the Safavid lands, got special p... more The Dominican and Augustinian missionary orders penetrating into the Safavid lands, got special privileges from the Safavid kings and managed to build churches and monasteries here. These priests played an important role in translating the Bible and compiling dictionaries. Bartholomew of Podio and John of Florence who came to Azerbaijan in the 14th century, learned Turkish and Persian while in Italy. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (2010), who visited Nakhchivan in 1650, describes in his travelogue that Latinization had so thoroughly penetrated this remote corner of Christianity that the Eastern Community of the Safavid Empire chanted the Dominican songs in Latin and offered the Latin Mass. Relacao Verdadeira (True Connection), a valuable source on the activities of the Augustinians in the territory of the Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan describes the visit of Shah Abbas I to the Church of St.Augustine in December 1608 together with the courtiers: “The beautifully decorated floor is covered with carpets and various aromatic substances (incenses) are burnt in church. The church is equipped with organs and other musical instruments. There are various divine paintings depicted on the altar of the Church: Paintings of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ – Our Savior. The choir plays local Portuguese music.” (Flannery, 2013, p.120 ). The main purpose of this research is to study the role of the Dominican and Augustinian Churches in intercultural and interreligious relations. On the other hand, the presence of Catholics among the Muslim population changed the attitude of Shah Abbas I to the churches. The Shia clerics complained about missionaries that the Augustinians sent about 5,000-7,000 people to Hormuz to become Catholic. The Englishman Thomas Herbert visited the Safavid lands in 1627. His travelogue describes the churches and the espionage activities of the clergy. ( Herbert, 2015, p.59) It is important to note that there were also priests who converted to Islam among Augustinians. One of the purposes of our study is to shed light on the causes of the conflict between Catholic missionaries and the Safavid population based on the sources of the period.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences , 2019
In the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it l... more In the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it lost its influence over Europe. The Church turned its policy to the East to propagate the faith. For nearly a century, the missionaries were represented in the Safavid provinces and attempted to win the Eastern Christian Population for the Catholic Church. On the other hand,with the flow of Catholic missionaries caused the increase of intercultural and interreligious exchanges. This paper examines the Catholic missionaries'motives to bring the Safavids' Eastern Christian Community under papal jurisdiction as well as the reception that the Safavid rulers, Armenian Church and Georgian Church offered visa -vis this group. The aim of the study is to investigate the missionaries' attempts to create a 'fifth column' by proselytizing the Eastern Christian Community in the Safavid territories.
This article examines the progress of a series of ambassadorial visits to Europe during the reign... more This article examines the progress of a series of ambassadorial visits to Europe
during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavi. The reign of Shah Abbas I (1587–1629)
inaugurated a new chapter in Safavid–European relations. He opened his country
to the world in unprecedented ways. Shah Abbas consolidated the state by securing
the borders, establishing a central administration and bureaucracy, fortifying the
economy and creating a standing army responsible not to the tribal heads, but to
the Shah as the head of the state. Shah Abbas’s energetic foreign policy led him to
send missions to Europe. Considerable diplomacy took place between Europe and
Safavids Empire over diverting the silk trade away from the traditional Anatolian
route and through the Persian Gulf. Nevertheless, Shah’s attitude towards the
European ambassadors, travelers, merchants, or even priests was a major factor in
the creation of many works about the reign of Shah Abbas. Close attention is paid to
the ambassadors and their action in this article.
Avrupalı misyonerlerin – din yayıcı grupların – Safevilere ilgisi Safevi tarihinin dikkate değer ... more Avrupalı misyonerlerin – din yayıcı grupların
– Safevilere ilgisi Safevi tarihinin dikkate
değer tartışma konularından biridir.
Safevi bölgesindeki misyoner faaliyetlerinin
farklı siyasi, kültürel, sosyal ve dini alanlarda,
genel olarak da papanın hedefleri ve bazı Avrupa
devletleri açısından bazı sonuçları oldu. Bu makale
Safevi tarihi hakkında kısa bir girizgah yaptıktan
sonra misyonerlerin Safevi bölgesinde daimi
bir misyon oluşturmak istemelerindeki motivasyonu
ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Misyonerlerin
hedefi Safevi bölgesindeki Doğu Hristiyan toplumunu
papanın nüfuzu altına sokmak ve kısmen
de Portekiz etkisi olmaksızın Hindistan ve Çin’e
karadan geçiş sağlamaktı. Makalede bu meseleler
Safeviler bağlamında ele alınmaktadır.
Аннотация: в статье излагается положение восточной церкви под османским владычеством. Автором ана... more Аннотация: в статье излагается положение восточной церкви под османским владычеством.
Автором анализируется отношение турецкого правительства к церковным учреждениям. После
падения Константинополя Султан Мехмед сохранил церковные учреждения и вместе с патриархом
разработал новый свод законов для греческого миллета.
Ключевые слова: восточная церковь, Константинополь, Султан Мехмед, патриарх, миллет.
The spread of Catholicism among Eastern Christians had always been a priority of the Papacy. Miss... more The spread of Catholicism among Eastern Christians had always been a priority of the Papacy. Missionaries sent as diplomatic ambassadors attempted to subdue Eastern Christians to the Papacy, propagating Catholicism, and in turn received strong support from European Kings. The main purpose of the study is to examine the activities of missionaries who came to the Georgian lands and to study the reasons why Catholicism could not spread in the territories.
Revista Romana De Studii Eurasiatice, Anul XVI Nr.1-2.2020 , 2020
The Dominican and Augustinian missionary orders penetrating into the Safavid lands, got special p... more The Dominican and Augustinian missionary orders penetrating into the Safavid lands, got special privileges from the Safavid kings and managed to build churches and monasteries here. These priests played an important role in translating the Bible and compiling dictionaries. Bartholomew of Podio and John of Florence who came to Azerbaijan in the 14th century, learned Turkish and Persian while in Italy. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (2010), who visited Nakhchivan in 1650, describes in his travelogue that Latinization had so thoroughly penetrated this remote corner of Christianity that the Eastern Community of the Safavid Empire chanted the Dominican songs in Latin and offered the Latin Mass. Relacao Verdadeira (True Connection), a valuable source on the activities of the Augustinians in the territory of the Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan describes the visit of Shah Abbas I to the Church of St.Augustine in December 1608 together with the courtiers: “The beautifully decorated floor is covered with carpets and various aromatic substances (incenses) are burnt in church. The church is equipped with organs and other musical instruments. There are various divine paintings depicted on the altar of the Church: Paintings of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ – Our Savior. The choir plays local Portuguese music.” (Flannery, 2013, p.120 ). The main purpose of this research is to study the role of the Dominican and Augustinian Churches in intercultural and interreligious relations. On the other hand, the presence of Catholics among the Muslim population changed the attitude of Shah Abbas I to the churches. The Shia clerics complained about missionaries that the Augustinians sent about 5,000-7,000 people to Hormuz to become Catholic. The Englishman Thomas Herbert visited the Safavid lands in 1627. His travelogue describes the churches and the espionage activities of the clergy. ( Herbert, 2015, p.59) It is important to note that there were also priests who converted to Islam among Augustinians. One of the purposes of our study is to shed light on the causes of the conflict between Catholic missionaries and the Safavid population based on the sources of the period.
PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences , 2019
In the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it l... more In the early modern period the Protestant Reformation weakened the Roman Catholic Church and it lost its influence over Europe. The Church turned its policy to the East to propagate the faith. For nearly a century, the missionaries were represented in the Safavid provinces and attempted to win the Eastern Christian Population for the Catholic Church. On the other hand,with the flow of Catholic missionaries caused the increase of intercultural and interreligious exchanges. This paper examines the Catholic missionaries'motives to bring the Safavids' Eastern Christian Community under papal jurisdiction as well as the reception that the Safavid rulers, Armenian Church and Georgian Church offered visa -vis this group. The aim of the study is to investigate the missionaries' attempts to create a 'fifth column' by proselytizing the Eastern Christian Community in the Safavid territories.
This article examines the progress of a series of ambassadorial visits to Europe during the reign... more This article examines the progress of a series of ambassadorial visits to Europe
during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavi. The reign of Shah Abbas I (1587–1629)
inaugurated a new chapter in Safavid–European relations. He opened his country
to the world in unprecedented ways. Shah Abbas consolidated the state by securing
the borders, establishing a central administration and bureaucracy, fortifying the
economy and creating a standing army responsible not to the tribal heads, but to
the Shah as the head of the state. Shah Abbas’s energetic foreign policy led him to
send missions to Europe. Considerable diplomacy took place between Europe and
Safavids Empire over diverting the silk trade away from the traditional Anatolian
route and through the Persian Gulf. Nevertheless, Shah’s attitude towards the
European ambassadors, travelers, merchants, or even priests was a major factor in
the creation of many works about the reign of Shah Abbas. Close attention is paid to
the ambassadors and their action in this article.
Avrupalı misyonerlerin – din yayıcı grupların – Safevilere ilgisi Safevi tarihinin dikkate değer ... more Avrupalı misyonerlerin – din yayıcı grupların
– Safevilere ilgisi Safevi tarihinin dikkate
değer tartışma konularından biridir.
Safevi bölgesindeki misyoner faaliyetlerinin
farklı siyasi, kültürel, sosyal ve dini alanlarda,
genel olarak da papanın hedefleri ve bazı Avrupa
devletleri açısından bazı sonuçları oldu. Bu makale
Safevi tarihi hakkında kısa bir girizgah yaptıktan
sonra misyonerlerin Safevi bölgesinde daimi
bir misyon oluşturmak istemelerindeki motivasyonu
ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Misyonerlerin
hedefi Safevi bölgesindeki Doğu Hristiyan toplumunu
papanın nüfuzu altına sokmak ve kısmen
de Portekiz etkisi olmaksızın Hindistan ve Çin’e
karadan geçiş sağlamaktı. Makalede bu meseleler
Safeviler bağlamında ele alınmaktadır.
Аннотация: в статье излагается положение восточной церкви под османским владычеством. Автором ана... more Аннотация: в статье излагается положение восточной церкви под османским владычеством.
Автором анализируется отношение турецкого правительства к церковным учреждениям. После
падения Константинополя Султан Мехмед сохранил церковные учреждения и вместе с патриархом
разработал новый свод законов для греческого миллета.
Ключевые слова: восточная церковь, Константинополь, Султан Мехмед, патриарх, миллет.