Nilima Kumari | Banasthali University (original) (raw)

Papers by Nilima Kumari

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal root rot of chickpea (Cicer arientium) and ... more Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal root rot of chickpea (Cicer arientium) and various leaves of different host of Macrophomina phaseolina was toxigenic when cultured on various media. The crude extract or culture filtrate induced chlorosis and necrosis on leaves, inhibition of germination of seeds and wilting of seedling. A phytotoxin was isolated both from cell free culture filtrate and infected tissue, purified and toxicity identified as phaseolinone, by using thin layer chromatography. The results show patho-physiological

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Jul 24, 2022

Journal of Plant Interactions, Sep 5, 2013

The fungal disease, charcoal root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a foremost yield rest... more The fungal disease, charcoal root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a foremost yield restraining factor of Sorghum bicolor L. around the world. The expression analysis of genes induced in general defense response can endow with clues to reveal major defense mechanisms against pathogen infection in sorghum plant. The role of chitinase and Stilbene synthase in response to M. phaseolina in sorghum was studied under control growth conditions using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Here, we report the expression analysis of antifungal genes in two cultivars viz. PJ-1430 (resistant) and SU-1080 (susceptible) at different hours after inoculation with M. phaseolina isolate MTCC 2165. Chitinase and stilbene synthase were induced in PJ-1430 within 0 h, 24 h and in SU-1080 in 48 h, 24 h, respectively, after inoculation. However, the expression levels of chitinase and stilbene synthase in resistant cultivar were significantly higher. The results showed that chitinase and stilbene synthase can be effective to enhance resistance to M. phaseolina.

Research on Crops, Dec 31, 2018

Abiotic and biotic factors affect the survival, biomass production and crop yield. The main cerea... more Abiotic and biotic factors affect the survival, biomass production and crop yield. The main cereal crops as wheat, rice and maize get affected severely by drought stress. DREB/CBF binds to cis-acting elements responsive for drought stress. In the present work, the role of 18s rRNA and DREB1A gene in wheat plants treated with different elicitors at the time of sowing in response to drought stress has been studied. Specifically the expression of DREB1A and 18s rRNA genes in seeds of two wheat cultivars RAJ-4120 and RAJ-3765 pre-treated with different elicitors on 5th, 10th and 15th day of plant growth was investigated. The seeds of Triticum aestivum L. were treated with different elicitors viz., sodium nitro prusside (10 mM), salicylic acid (0.5 mM) and silver nitrate (10 mM) for 6 h before sowing. DREB1A gene expression in RAJ-4120 cultivar was significantly higher than RAJ-3765 cultivar. The results showed that DREB1A gene provided resistance against drought stress when treated with different elicitors in comparison to the seeds having no pre-sowing treatment. Among three elicitors, the highest DREB1A gene expression was noticed in SNP pre-treated seedlings during 15th day of stress. Hence, from the present study, it was concluded that DREB1A gene had role in delaying drought stress in T. aestivum L. and among three elicitors treated, SNP was found to be the best in which expression of DREB1A gene was found to be maximum.

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Feb 24, 2023

Biologia plantarum, 2015

The present study investigated differences in cadmium resistance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum ... more The present study investigated differences in cadmium resistance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The cvs. RAJ 4161 (Cd resistant) and PBW 343 (Cd sensitive) were treated with 200 mg(Cd) kg-1 (soil) for 3, 5, 7, and 10 d. The effect of the Cd stress was estimated by measuring growth parameters, accumulation of cadmium, sulphur, and glutathione (GSH), and by expression of some defence genes [phytochelatin synthase (PCS), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. The Cd treatment resulted in a significant reduction in plant growth and in an increase in the accumulation of S and GSH. Further, the expressions of PCS, GR, and APX were also mostly enhanced. The PCS was upregulated significantly in roots of RAJ 4161 (0.6-fold) and downregulated (0.9-fold) in PBW 343 on day 3 of the Cd treatment. In RAJ 4161, the expressions of APX and GR recorded a maximum increase of 2.1-and 2.4-fold in roots and leaves, respectively, after 10 d of the stress. The results show that a different ability of RAJ 4161 and PBW 343 to modulate mRNA expression after the Cd treatment was related to their Cd tolerance.

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, Feb 23, 2022

Journal of Plant Interactions, 2018

The present study was undertaken to identify the aluminum (Al) tolerant cultivar of Brassica junc... more The present study was undertaken to identify the aluminum (Al) tolerant cultivar of Brassica juncea. We examined the changes in antioxidant enzymes, proline level, chlorophyll a fluorescence and psb A gene expression at vegetative and reproductive growth stages of B. juncea cultivars (Bio-902, CS-14, Pusa-Tarak and Laxmi). The selected cultivars were exposed to soil (pH 5.2) supplemented with Al (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg −1). We observed the lowest decline in photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm ′), ETR, PPFD values and psb A expression to Al stress in the cultivar Bio-902 (tolerant cultivar) followed by CS-14 and Pusa-Tarak whereas the highest decline was observed in the cultivar Laxmi (sensitive cultivar). The improved performance of the cultivar Bio-902 under Al stress was accompanied by an increase in proline level, CAT and APX activities but without any increase in SOD activity. However, significant increase in SOD activity was observed in Laxmi.

Agricultural research, Feb 23, 2018

In the present study, we analysed the photosynthetic performance in five varieties of Vigna radia... more In the present study, we analysed the photosynthetic performance in five varieties of Vigna radiata, viz. vars RMG 268, K-851, RMG 492, RMG 975 and Anand using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. We observed that var. RMG 268 tended to reach highest effective quantum yield of PSII [DF/F m 0 ], maximum apparent electron transport rate [ETR max ] and saturating photosynthetically active photon flux density [PPFDsat], followed by var. K-851. Thus as judged by its photosynthetic performance, ecophysiologically var. RMG 268 seems to be better adapted to the semi-arid environment of the state of Rajasthan, India. On the contrary, var. Anand was least adapted to its environment as indicated by lowest ETR max , PPFDsat and DF/F m 0 values. The activities of certain antioxidant enzymes of Vigna radiata in response to drought were also examined in var. RMG 268 and var. Anand. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, presumed to limit cellular damage, were observed in var. RMG 268. Cellular malondialdehyde content signal indicators of lipid peroxidation were much higher in var. Anand compared to var. RMG 268. These data revealed that var. RMG 268 had high resistance to environmental and drought conditions and thus substantiated our results obtained on the basis of plant performance.

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Nov 1, 2018

The present study was undertaken to explore the stimulatory effect of microwave radiation on grow... more The present study was undertaken to explore the stimulatory effect of microwave radiation on growth and development of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato) plant. These signal stimuli propagate and encode information which alters and manipulate the plant signaling system. Two varieties of tomato seeds i.e. NS-585 and NS-2535 were exposed to microwave radiation at 9.3 GHz for 0-8 h where 0 h seeds were treated as control. Exposure to microwave radiation showed enhanced germination rate and speed germination index and increment in the β-1,3-glucanase activity which clearly suggested the stimulation of the germination rate and seedling vigour of the tomato seedlings. Microwave radiation showed increment in the bioactive compounds like polyphenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein content of the tomato plant exposed for 4-5 h; further increase in the microwave dose reduced the growth and other biochemical content in the tomato plant. Growth related modification in tomato seedlings were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy which clearly confirmed the increase in pectin, lignin, protein, carbohydrate and lipid content in the microwave irradiated tomato seedlings. It is suggested that controlled and defined microwave radiation may help in enhancing crop productivity.

Scientific Reports, Aug 8, 2016

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium, is the major cause of chronic... more Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium, is the major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Owing to its central role, DNA replication machinery has emerged as a prime target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. Here, we report 2Å structure of β-clamp from H. pylori (Hpβ-clamp), which is one of the critical components of DNA polymerase III. Despite of similarity in the overall fold of eubacterial β-clamp structures, some distinct features in DNA interacting loops exists that have not been reported previously. The in silico prediction identified the potential binders of β-clamp such as alpha subunit of DNA pol III and DNA ligase with identification of β-clamp binding regions in them and validated by SPR studies. Hpβ-clamp interacts with DNA ligase in micromolar binding affinity. Moreover, we have successfully determined the co-crystal structure of β-clamp with peptide from DNA ligase (not reported earlier in prokaryotes) revealing the region from ligase that interacts with β-clamp.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, May 1, 2012

To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant variety of Brassica juncea to adapt to a sal... more To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant variety of Brassica juncea to adapt to a saline environment in a field, we examined the activities of antioxidant enzymes in relation to photosystem II, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment concentration, protein (D1) and proline in plants exposed to salt stress. We observed a greater decline in the photosynthetic rate (∆F/Fm') and electron transport rate (ETRsat) and saturating photosynthetically active photo flux density (PPFDsat) under salt stress in var. Urvashi (sensitive variety) than in var. Bio902 (tolerant variety). Var. Urvashi was found to be more sensitive to high salinity. In var. Bio902, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentrations were higher than in the sensitive variety. Proline and protein contents were also higher in var. Bio902 as compared to their lower accumulation in var. Urvashi. The improved performance of the var. Bio902 under high salinity was accompanied by an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), though no salt-dependent increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) was observed. However, no such increase in APX and CAT was observed in var. Urvashi, though there was significant increase in SOD activity. These results suggest that var. Bio902 is potentially more tolerant to salt damage and is associated with better adaptive responses found in var. Bio902 than var. Urvashi. Increased photoinhibition in var. Urvashi as observed by its reduced thylakoid membrane protein, D1 probably results from the greater photosynthetic damage caused by salt stress than var. Bio902.

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology

Vegetos

Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of ... more Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of disasters, the systemic nature of risk, a more recent pandemic along with abiotic stress factors are endangering our entire food system. In these stressful environment, it is widely reprimanded that strategies should be encompassed to attain increased crop yield and economic returns which would alleviate food and nutritional scarcity in developing countries. To study the physiological responses to salt stress, Vigna radiata seedlings subjected to varying levels of salt stress (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) were evaluated by tracking changes in Chl a fluorescence, pigment content, free proline and carotenoids content by HPLC. The ability of plants to adapt to salt stress is related with the plasticity and resilience of photosynthesis. As salt concentration increased, chlorophyll fluorescence indices decreased and a reduction in the PSII linear electron transport rate was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used for in vitro non-invasive monitoring of plants responses to salt stress. Overall, Vigna responded to salt stress by the changes in avoidance mechanism and protective systems. Chl fluorescence indices, enzymatic contents of POD, CAT and free proline were sensitive to salt stress. The study is significant to evaluate the tolerance mechanisms of plants to salt stress and may develop insights for breeding new salt-tolerant varieties.

Handbook of Research on Water Sciences and Society

With an increasing inclination of the world towards fashion and clothing, textile industries are ... more With an increasing inclination of the world towards fashion and clothing, textile industries are becoming one of the major contributors. This has led to a simultaneous upsurge of various recalcitrant synthetic dyes. The effluents from textile industries are rich in dyes, which when dumped without treatment into rivers, deteriorate the entire ecosystem. Despite various remedial technologies and governmental regulations in this regard, lack of public attention towards the concern is worsening the situation further. The chapter, therefore, focuses on the current status of the water crisis due to water pollution with special reference to textile dye pollution in rivers. The chapter brings a unique amalgamated approach by aiming to bring in front advanced treatment methods using biotechnology that can help in efficient treatment of dye-rich textile effluents along with a deeper understanding of socio-cultural reforms that will ultimately help in the implementation of these solutions.

Cereal Research Communications

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal root rot of chickpea (Cicer arientium) and ... more Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal root rot of chickpea (Cicer arientium) and various leaves of different host of Macrophomina phaseolina was toxigenic when cultured on various media. The crude extract or culture filtrate induced chlorosis and necrosis on leaves, inhibition of germination of seeds and wilting of seedling. A phytotoxin was isolated both from cell free culture filtrate and infected tissue, purified and toxicity identified as phaseolinone, by using thin layer chromatography. The results show patho-physiological

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Jul 24, 2022

Journal of Plant Interactions, Sep 5, 2013

The fungal disease, charcoal root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a foremost yield rest... more The fungal disease, charcoal root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a foremost yield restraining factor of Sorghum bicolor L. around the world. The expression analysis of genes induced in general defense response can endow with clues to reveal major defense mechanisms against pathogen infection in sorghum plant. The role of chitinase and Stilbene synthase in response to M. phaseolina in sorghum was studied under control growth conditions using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Here, we report the expression analysis of antifungal genes in two cultivars viz. PJ-1430 (resistant) and SU-1080 (susceptible) at different hours after inoculation with M. phaseolina isolate MTCC 2165. Chitinase and stilbene synthase were induced in PJ-1430 within 0 h, 24 h and in SU-1080 in 48 h, 24 h, respectively, after inoculation. However, the expression levels of chitinase and stilbene synthase in resistant cultivar were significantly higher. The results showed that chitinase and stilbene synthase can be effective to enhance resistance to M. phaseolina.

Research on Crops, Dec 31, 2018

Abiotic and biotic factors affect the survival, biomass production and crop yield. The main cerea... more Abiotic and biotic factors affect the survival, biomass production and crop yield. The main cereal crops as wheat, rice and maize get affected severely by drought stress. DREB/CBF binds to cis-acting elements responsive for drought stress. In the present work, the role of 18s rRNA and DREB1A gene in wheat plants treated with different elicitors at the time of sowing in response to drought stress has been studied. Specifically the expression of DREB1A and 18s rRNA genes in seeds of two wheat cultivars RAJ-4120 and RAJ-3765 pre-treated with different elicitors on 5th, 10th and 15th day of plant growth was investigated. The seeds of Triticum aestivum L. were treated with different elicitors viz., sodium nitro prusside (10 mM), salicylic acid (0.5 mM) and silver nitrate (10 mM) for 6 h before sowing. DREB1A gene expression in RAJ-4120 cultivar was significantly higher than RAJ-3765 cultivar. The results showed that DREB1A gene provided resistance against drought stress when treated with different elicitors in comparison to the seeds having no pre-sowing treatment. Among three elicitors, the highest DREB1A gene expression was noticed in SNP pre-treated seedlings during 15th day of stress. Hence, from the present study, it was concluded that DREB1A gene had role in delaying drought stress in T. aestivum L. and among three elicitors treated, SNP was found to be the best in which expression of DREB1A gene was found to be maximum.

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Feb 24, 2023

Biologia plantarum, 2015

The present study investigated differences in cadmium resistance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum ... more The present study investigated differences in cadmium resistance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The cvs. RAJ 4161 (Cd resistant) and PBW 343 (Cd sensitive) were treated with 200 mg(Cd) kg-1 (soil) for 3, 5, 7, and 10 d. The effect of the Cd stress was estimated by measuring growth parameters, accumulation of cadmium, sulphur, and glutathione (GSH), and by expression of some defence genes [phytochelatin synthase (PCS), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. The Cd treatment resulted in a significant reduction in plant growth and in an increase in the accumulation of S and GSH. Further, the expressions of PCS, GR, and APX were also mostly enhanced. The PCS was upregulated significantly in roots of RAJ 4161 (0.6-fold) and downregulated (0.9-fold) in PBW 343 on day 3 of the Cd treatment. In RAJ 4161, the expressions of APX and GR recorded a maximum increase of 2.1-and 2.4-fold in roots and leaves, respectively, after 10 d of the stress. The results show that a different ability of RAJ 4161 and PBW 343 to modulate mRNA expression after the Cd treatment was related to their Cd tolerance.

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, Feb 23, 2022

Journal of Plant Interactions, 2018

The present study was undertaken to identify the aluminum (Al) tolerant cultivar of Brassica junc... more The present study was undertaken to identify the aluminum (Al) tolerant cultivar of Brassica juncea. We examined the changes in antioxidant enzymes, proline level, chlorophyll a fluorescence and psb A gene expression at vegetative and reproductive growth stages of B. juncea cultivars (Bio-902, CS-14, Pusa-Tarak and Laxmi). The selected cultivars were exposed to soil (pH 5.2) supplemented with Al (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg −1). We observed the lowest decline in photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm ′), ETR, PPFD values and psb A expression to Al stress in the cultivar Bio-902 (tolerant cultivar) followed by CS-14 and Pusa-Tarak whereas the highest decline was observed in the cultivar Laxmi (sensitive cultivar). The improved performance of the cultivar Bio-902 under Al stress was accompanied by an increase in proline level, CAT and APX activities but without any increase in SOD activity. However, significant increase in SOD activity was observed in Laxmi.

Agricultural research, Feb 23, 2018

In the present study, we analysed the photosynthetic performance in five varieties of Vigna radia... more In the present study, we analysed the photosynthetic performance in five varieties of Vigna radiata, viz. vars RMG 268, K-851, RMG 492, RMG 975 and Anand using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. We observed that var. RMG 268 tended to reach highest effective quantum yield of PSII [DF/F m 0 ], maximum apparent electron transport rate [ETR max ] and saturating photosynthetically active photon flux density [PPFDsat], followed by var. K-851. Thus as judged by its photosynthetic performance, ecophysiologically var. RMG 268 seems to be better adapted to the semi-arid environment of the state of Rajasthan, India. On the contrary, var. Anand was least adapted to its environment as indicated by lowest ETR max , PPFDsat and DF/F m 0 values. The activities of certain antioxidant enzymes of Vigna radiata in response to drought were also examined in var. RMG 268 and var. Anand. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, presumed to limit cellular damage, were observed in var. RMG 268. Cellular malondialdehyde content signal indicators of lipid peroxidation were much higher in var. Anand compared to var. RMG 268. These data revealed that var. RMG 268 had high resistance to environmental and drought conditions and thus substantiated our results obtained on the basis of plant performance.

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Nov 1, 2018

The present study was undertaken to explore the stimulatory effect of microwave radiation on grow... more The present study was undertaken to explore the stimulatory effect of microwave radiation on growth and development of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato) plant. These signal stimuli propagate and encode information which alters and manipulate the plant signaling system. Two varieties of tomato seeds i.e. NS-585 and NS-2535 were exposed to microwave radiation at 9.3 GHz for 0-8 h where 0 h seeds were treated as control. Exposure to microwave radiation showed enhanced germination rate and speed germination index and increment in the β-1,3-glucanase activity which clearly suggested the stimulation of the germination rate and seedling vigour of the tomato seedlings. Microwave radiation showed increment in the bioactive compounds like polyphenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein content of the tomato plant exposed for 4-5 h; further increase in the microwave dose reduced the growth and other biochemical content in the tomato plant. Growth related modification in tomato seedlings were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy which clearly confirmed the increase in pectin, lignin, protein, carbohydrate and lipid content in the microwave irradiated tomato seedlings. It is suggested that controlled and defined microwave radiation may help in enhancing crop productivity.

Scientific Reports, Aug 8, 2016

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium, is the major cause of chronic... more Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative and microaerophilic bacterium, is the major cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Owing to its central role, DNA replication machinery has emerged as a prime target for the development of antimicrobial drugs. Here, we report 2Å structure of β-clamp from H. pylori (Hpβ-clamp), which is one of the critical components of DNA polymerase III. Despite of similarity in the overall fold of eubacterial β-clamp structures, some distinct features in DNA interacting loops exists that have not been reported previously. The in silico prediction identified the potential binders of β-clamp such as alpha subunit of DNA pol III and DNA ligase with identification of β-clamp binding regions in them and validated by SPR studies. Hpβ-clamp interacts with DNA ligase in micromolar binding affinity. Moreover, we have successfully determined the co-crystal structure of β-clamp with peptide from DNA ligase (not reported earlier in prokaryotes) revealing the region from ligase that interacts with β-clamp.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, May 1, 2012

To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant variety of Brassica juncea to adapt to a sal... more To investigate the ability of sensitive and tolerant variety of Brassica juncea to adapt to a saline environment in a field, we examined the activities of antioxidant enzymes in relation to photosystem II, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment concentration, protein (D1) and proline in plants exposed to salt stress. We observed a greater decline in the photosynthetic rate (∆F/Fm') and electron transport rate (ETRsat) and saturating photosynthetically active photo flux density (PPFDsat) under salt stress in var. Urvashi (sensitive variety) than in var. Bio902 (tolerant variety). Var. Urvashi was found to be more sensitive to high salinity. In var. Bio902, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentrations were higher than in the sensitive variety. Proline and protein contents were also higher in var. Bio902 as compared to their lower accumulation in var. Urvashi. The improved performance of the var. Bio902 under high salinity was accompanied by an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), though no salt-dependent increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) was observed. However, no such increase in APX and CAT was observed in var. Urvashi, though there was significant increase in SOD activity. These results suggest that var. Bio902 is potentially more tolerant to salt damage and is associated with better adaptive responses found in var. Bio902 than var. Urvashi. Increased photoinhibition in var. Urvashi as observed by its reduced thylakoid membrane protein, D1 probably results from the greater photosynthetic damage caused by salt stress than var. Bio902.

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology

Vegetos

Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of ... more Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of disasters, the systemic nature of risk, a more recent pandemic along with abiotic stress factors are endangering our entire food system. In these stressful environment, it is widely reprimanded that strategies should be encompassed to attain increased crop yield and economic returns which would alleviate food and nutritional scarcity in developing countries. To study the physiological responses to salt stress, Vigna radiata seedlings subjected to varying levels of salt stress (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) were evaluated by tracking changes in Chl a fluorescence, pigment content, free proline and carotenoids content by HPLC. The ability of plants to adapt to salt stress is related with the plasticity and resilience of photosynthesis. As salt concentration increased, chlorophyll fluorescence indices decreased and a reduction in the PSII linear electron transport rate was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used for in vitro non-invasive monitoring of plants responses to salt stress. Overall, Vigna responded to salt stress by the changes in avoidance mechanism and protective systems. Chl fluorescence indices, enzymatic contents of POD, CAT and free proline were sensitive to salt stress. The study is significant to evaluate the tolerance mechanisms of plants to salt stress and may develop insights for breeding new salt-tolerant varieties.

Handbook of Research on Water Sciences and Society

With an increasing inclination of the world towards fashion and clothing, textile industries are ... more With an increasing inclination of the world towards fashion and clothing, textile industries are becoming one of the major contributors. This has led to a simultaneous upsurge of various recalcitrant synthetic dyes. The effluents from textile industries are rich in dyes, which when dumped without treatment into rivers, deteriorate the entire ecosystem. Despite various remedial technologies and governmental regulations in this regard, lack of public attention towards the concern is worsening the situation further. The chapter, therefore, focuses on the current status of the water crisis due to water pollution with special reference to textile dye pollution in rivers. The chapter brings a unique amalgamated approach by aiming to bring in front advanced treatment methods using biotechnology that can help in efficient treatment of dye-rich textile effluents along with a deeper understanding of socio-cultural reforms that will ultimately help in the implementation of these solutions.

Cereal Research Communications