Angelika Heike Rüdiger | Bangor University (original) (raw)
Papers by Angelika Heike Rüdiger
Gwyn ap Nudd is a fictional character appearing in poem XXXIV of the Black Book of Carmarthen for... more Gwyn ap Nudd is a fictional character appearing in poem XXXIV of the Black Book of Carmarthen for the first time. The earliest prose text mentioning his name is the tale “Culwch ac Olwen” found in the White Book of Rhydderch. The present redaction of the text is assumed to date back to 1100 AD.
In the medieval time Gwyn must have played a considerable role in Welsh folk beliefs, as a text fragment from the Speculum Christiani dating back to the 14th century proves. In modern times he became known as the “Fairy King” of Wales.
However, he vanishes in folk tradition during the time of reformation, but re-surfaces during the Classical Revival as “blessed astronomer”. In Welsh poetry his come-back is established by Elfed in the “literary revival” of the late 19th /early 20th century.
With the strengthening of neo-paganism, Gwyn was reclaimed again as character playing a role in popular belief. However, his re-discovery is largely based on literary secondary sources. The distortions transmitted by these sources (eg. the translations of the Black Book poem by Sir John Rhŷs and the image of Gwyn as presented by Robert Graves in his famous “White Goddess”) formed the substrate from which the modern neo-pagan image of Gwyn ap Nudd was formed, often in a process of cross-cultural synchretism and an artificial construction of parallels to Greek mythology.
This paper will exemplarily elucidate the origin of characteristics of Gwyn ap Nudd in neo-paganism and popular literature influenced by a neo-pagan background.
A monoclonal antibody (ID5) raised against the synthetic tetradecapeptide corresponding to the C-... more A monoclonal antibody (ID5) raised against the synthetic tetradecapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of detyrosinated α-tubulin showed an unexpected cross-reactivity with β-tubulin from pig brain tissue. The specificity and the minimal epitope requirements of IDS were characterized by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spot blots using a series of synthetic peptides and the natural peptides of β-tubulin and detyrosinated α-tubulin from brain. The epitope of IDS is comprised of the carboxy terminal sequence -XEE carrying the terminal a-carboxylate group with X being a variable residue. All linkages in the epitope involve α-peptide bonds. This epitope is provided by the detyrosinated α-tubulin main chain and the polyglutamyl side chains of both brain α- and β-tubulins. Atrmity purification of β-tubulin peptides and mass spectrometric characterization reveal that peptides carrying three to nine glutamyl residues in the side chain are recognized by ID5. These results show that except for the first γ-peptide linkage the α-peptide bond is the preferred linkage type in the tubulin polyglutamyl side chains.
Analytical Biochemistry, 1999
Combined applications of affinity purification procedures and mass-spectrometric analyses (affini... more Combined applications of affinity purification procedures and mass-spectrometric analyses (affinity mass spectrometry or affinity-directed mass spectrometry) have gained broad interest in various fields of biological sciences. We have extended these techniques to the purification and analysis of closely related peptides from complex mixtures and to the characterization of binding motifs and relative affinities in protein-protein interactions. The posttranslational modifications in the carboxy-terminal region of porcine brain tubulin are used as an example for the applicability of affinity mass spectrometry in the characterization of complex patterns of related peptides. We also show that affinity mass spectrometry allows the mapping of sequential binding motifs of two interacting proteins. Using the ActA/Mena protein-protein complex as a model system, we show that we can selectively purify Mena-binding peptides from a tryptic digest of ActA. The results from this assay are compared to data sets obtained earlier by classical methods using synthetic peptides and molecular genetic experiments. As a further expansion of affinity mass spectrometry, we have established an internally standardized system that allows comparison of the affinities of related ligands for a given protein. Here the affinities of two peptide ligands for the monoclonal tubulin-specific antibody YL1/2 are determined in terms of half-maximal competition. . 2 Abbreviations used: MALDI-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; TOF, time of flight; MSIA, mass spectrometric immunoassay; SELDI, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization; AMS, affinity mass spectrometry; ELISA, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; RIA, radioactive immunoassay; EVH1 domain, Ena-VASP-homology domain 1; ActA, actin-assembly-inducing protein; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; 4-HCCA, 4-hydroxy-␣-cyanocinnamic acid; ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Gwyn ap Nudd is a fictional character appearing in poem XXXIV of the Black Book of Carmarthen for... more Gwyn ap Nudd is a fictional character appearing in poem XXXIV of the Black Book of Carmarthen for the first time. The earliest prose text mentioning his name is the tale “Culwch ac Olwen” found in the White Book of Rhydderch. The present redaction of the text is assumed to date back to 1100 AD.
In the medieval time Gwyn must have played a considerable role in Welsh folk beliefs, as a text fragment from the Speculum Christiani dating back to the 14th century proves. In modern times he became known as the “Fairy King” of Wales.
However, he vanishes in folk tradition during the time of reformation, but re-surfaces during the Classical Revival as “blessed astronomer”. In Welsh poetry his come-back is established by Elfed in the “literary revival” of the late 19th /early 20th century.
With the strengthening of neo-paganism, Gwyn was reclaimed again as character playing a role in popular belief. However, his re-discovery is largely based on literary secondary sources. The distortions transmitted by these sources (eg. the translations of the Black Book poem by Sir John Rhŷs and the image of Gwyn as presented by Robert Graves in his famous “White Goddess”) formed the substrate from which the modern neo-pagan image of Gwyn ap Nudd was formed, often in a process of cross-cultural synchretism and an artificial construction of parallels to Greek mythology.
This paper will exemplarily elucidate the origin of characteristics of Gwyn ap Nudd in neo-paganism and popular literature influenced by a neo-pagan background.
A monoclonal antibody (ID5) raised against the synthetic tetradecapeptide corresponding to the C-... more A monoclonal antibody (ID5) raised against the synthetic tetradecapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of detyrosinated α-tubulin showed an unexpected cross-reactivity with β-tubulin from pig brain tissue. The specificity and the minimal epitope requirements of IDS were characterized by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spot blots using a series of synthetic peptides and the natural peptides of β-tubulin and detyrosinated α-tubulin from brain. The epitope of IDS is comprised of the carboxy terminal sequence -XEE carrying the terminal a-carboxylate group with X being a variable residue. All linkages in the epitope involve α-peptide bonds. This epitope is provided by the detyrosinated α-tubulin main chain and the polyglutamyl side chains of both brain α- and β-tubulins. Atrmity purification of β-tubulin peptides and mass spectrometric characterization reveal that peptides carrying three to nine glutamyl residues in the side chain are recognized by ID5. These results show that except for the first γ-peptide linkage the α-peptide bond is the preferred linkage type in the tubulin polyglutamyl side chains.
Analytical Biochemistry, 1999
Combined applications of affinity purification procedures and mass-spectrometric analyses (affini... more Combined applications of affinity purification procedures and mass-spectrometric analyses (affinity mass spectrometry or affinity-directed mass spectrometry) have gained broad interest in various fields of biological sciences. We have extended these techniques to the purification and analysis of closely related peptides from complex mixtures and to the characterization of binding motifs and relative affinities in protein-protein interactions. The posttranslational modifications in the carboxy-terminal region of porcine brain tubulin are used as an example for the applicability of affinity mass spectrometry in the characterization of complex patterns of related peptides. We also show that affinity mass spectrometry allows the mapping of sequential binding motifs of two interacting proteins. Using the ActA/Mena protein-protein complex as a model system, we show that we can selectively purify Mena-binding peptides from a tryptic digest of ActA. The results from this assay are compared to data sets obtained earlier by classical methods using synthetic peptides and molecular genetic experiments. As a further expansion of affinity mass spectrometry, we have established an internally standardized system that allows comparison of the affinities of related ligands for a given protein. Here the affinities of two peptide ligands for the monoclonal tubulin-specific antibody YL1/2 are determined in terms of half-maximal competition. . 2 Abbreviations used: MALDI-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; TOF, time of flight; MSIA, mass spectrometric immunoassay; SELDI, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization; AMS, affinity mass spectrometry; ELISA, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; RIA, radioactive immunoassay; EVH1 domain, Ena-VASP-homology domain 1; ActA, actin-assembly-inducing protein; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; 4-HCCA, 4-hydroxy-␣-cyanocinnamic acid; ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.