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Papers in Persian by mehdi parizadeh

Research paper thumbnail of بررسی تاریخی نقش‌های تکواژ مگر

مجله زبان و زبان شناسی (انجمن زبان شناسی), 2022

این مقاله به بررسی نقش‌های مختلفی پرداخته که «مگر» از قرن چهارم هجری تاکنون در متون زبان فارسی بر... more این مقاله به بررسی نقش‌های مختلفی پرداخته که «مگر» از قرن چهارم هجری تاکنون در متون زبان فارسی برعهده داشته است. به این منظور پیکره‌ای مشتمل بر 24 عنوان کتاب از سه دورۀ تاریخی قرن‌های چهارم تا هفتم، هشتم تا یازدهم و دوازدهم تا زمان حاضر تهیه شد. از این سه دوره، تعداد 360 جمله که شامل «مگر» هستند استخراج شد. پس از بررسی و دسته‌بندی آنها دو کارکرد عمده برای «مگر» به‌دست آمد: کارکرد پرسشی و غیرپرسشی. ویژگی‌های هرکدام به‌تفصیل بررسی شد. هر دسته شامل زیرمجموعه‌هایی است که ویژگی‌های نحوی خاص خود را دارند. اما به‌طور کلی، نقش پرسشی «مگر» در حدود این 12 قرن روندی افزایشی را نشان می‌دهد و نقش غیرپرسشی آن روبه کاهش بوده است. همچنین به‌نظر می‌رسد در متون مکتوب «مگر» در حال عبور از مرحلۀ غیرذهنی به ذهنی‌شدگی است.

Research paper thumbnail of دستوری شدگی «مر» و پیرا اضافه «مر...را» در زبان فارسی

پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی

زبان موجودی زنده است و سعی میکند از امکانات خود به شکلی پویا بهره ببرد. از همین رو واژگان را عناص... more زبان موجودی زنده است و سعی میکند از امکانات خود به شکلی پویا بهره ببرد. از همین رو واژگان را عناصری ایستا نمیداند، بلکه ممکن است به هنگام نیاز آنها را برای اهداف خود تغییر دهد. «دستوری شدگی» یکی از این نوع ابزارهای زبان است. وقتی یک واژه ی آزاد، دستوری میشود، به این معناست که میتواند نقشی دستوری نیز داشته باشد. اگر این فرایند ادامه یابد جزء دستوری، دستوری تر می-شود. در این مقاله به فرایند دستوری شدگی «مر» پرداخته میشود. از دورانی که «مر» واژه ای آزاد بوده اطلاعات چندانی در دست نیست. برای انجام این پژوهش در پیکره ای شامل 70 عنوان کتاب در 127 مجلد که متعلق به بازه ی زمانی قرن چهارم تا چهاردهم هجری است، وجود «مر» و «مر ...را» بررسی گردید. بررسی این پیکره نشان میدهد این واژه، به ویژه در سه قرن چهارم و پنجم و ششم به دو صورت تکواژ «مر» و پیرااضافه ی «مر ... را» کاربرد داشته است. هر دو کاربرد نشانگر چندین نقش معنایی است و از آنجا که با تکواژ «را» پیوند دارند، این نقشهای معنایی زیرمجموعه ای از نقشهای معنایی «را» نیز هستند. همه ی این نقشها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و بسامد آنها به دست آمده است و سیر دستوری شدگی آن بررسی شده است. در پایان خواهیم دید حاصل این دستوری شدگی امروزه تنها در واژه ی «مرا» مشاهده می¬شود.

Research paper thumbnail of Persian becomes more analytic: evidence from the study of parallel texts تحلیلی شدگی زبان فارسی: بررسی کمی متون موازی

Dastoor (Grammar), 2020

The Persian language has so far undergone various historical periods. In each of these periods, a... more The Persian language has so far undergone various historical periods. In each of these periods, a number of morphosyntactic, phonetic, and lexical features of the language have been changed. In some cases, this change is in a way that has shifted the language toward typological change. One of these changes has made Persian to become more analytical. But all of these changes have come about with the passing of time. Therefore, in order to study these changes, we have to take a viewpoint which examines them both synchronically and diachronically. To reach this aim, in this study, two translations of a single text have been used as two parallel texts. Tabari's translation of the Holy Qur'an, which was written in the 10th century is compared with the translation of Bahaedin Khoramshahi, belonging to the contemporary period. The question is whether Persian has become more analytic or not. Since the type of analysis of this research is based on statistical and quantitative data, first, all of the vocabularies of each of the two texts are counted and classified according to frequency of occurrence in the frequency / rank index. At the same time, they are arranged in a different list regarding to the part of speech they belong. In the second stage, each sentence of the first text is compared with the corresponding sentence of the second text and their changes are recorded. Since there is a gap of more than a thousand years between the two texts, it is assumed that the Persian language has progressed towards being analytic in this period; therefore, in order to prove this linguistic metamorphosis quantitatively, it is necessary to use a proven instrument and criterion. Zipf's law is a tool that can be used to test the analyticity of Persian language. The findings show that Persian has become more analytic.

Papers by mehdi parizadeh

Research paper thumbnail of Different functions of <i>‘rā’</i> in New Persian

Journal of historical linguistics, Feb 21, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of La-Leach: A New Approach to Increase the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the main issues in the context of clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) i... more One of the main issues in the context of clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is the selection of cluster head (CH). Many researches select the CH based on the value of the residual energy of the nodes. In other many approaches it is selected based on the number of the neighboring nodes or the distance among them. In this paper, a new method based on learning automata (LA) named LA-LEACH is proposed to increase the lifetime of WSNs. That is, a LA is resident on every sensor node. In the proposed method, CH is selected on the basis of both factors the residual energy and Euclidean distance. Then, using its residing LA, the selected CH communicates with its associated cluster members. The simulation results demonstrate that LA-LEACH outperforms W-LEACH, HCDD, and CSME in terms of load balancing and energy usage. Keywordsclustering, learning automata, mobile sink, wireless sensor network, lifetime

Papers in English by mehdi parizadeh

Research paper thumbnail of Different functions of ‘rā’ in New Persian A semantic map analysis

Journal of Historical Linguistics, 2024

Persian has a polyfunctional case marker, ‘rā’, which diachronically varies greatly in the range ... more Persian has a polyfunctional case marker, ‘rā’, which diachronically varies greatly in the range of functions it covers. In this paper, we give an account of different case functions of ‘rā’, in New Persian, an era from the 8th century (C.E.) to present. To analyze the functionality of ‘rā’ in different texts, we selected 78 books from the New and Contemporary Persian eras and studied one thousand tokens of ‘rā’ from each century. The data show that ‘rā’ has been a polyfunctional case marker in New Persian, marking about 13 different case roles. Its main role was to mark direct objects, and gradually it has become its sole function in Contemporary Persian. However, during the time span, some of the ‘rā’-marked roles remained constant and some of them replaced ‘rā’ with other adpositions. We follow a historical semantic map approach as a typological grid to examine our data. The findings show that ‘rā’ has shifted from animate to inanimate concepts gradually. While in the 12th century about 750 out of 1000 (about 75%) roles marked with ‘rā’ were animate, it has decreased to about 400 out of 1000 (about 42%) in the 19th century and less than 30% in the 20th century. Our data show that ‘rā’ has not gone further to mark inanimate relations, and it has gone toward core case roles, specifically direct object.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectual Verb Constructions in Persian

Iranian studies, 2022

This paper aims to describe and explain the different morphosyntactic and semantic features of so... more This paper aims to describe and explain the different morphosyntactic and semantic features of some double verb constructions in Persian, an Indo-European language mainly spoken in Iran. It is argued that these double verb constructions are not instances of serial verb construction, but instances of emerging aspectual verbs with varied degrees of grammaticalization. It is argued that numerous factors lead to grammaticalization of these verbs, including context, the semantic class of the verbs, and their frequency. A corpus-based analysis shows that these aspectual verbs have been grammaticalized in different ratios during the last one hundred years, demonstrating ongoing change in the Persian language.

Research paper thumbnail of بررسی تاریخی نقش‌های تکواژ مگر

مجله زبان و زبان شناسی (انجمن زبان شناسی), 2022

این مقاله به بررسی نقش‌های مختلفی پرداخته که «مگر» از قرن چهارم هجری تاکنون در متون زبان فارسی بر... more این مقاله به بررسی نقش‌های مختلفی پرداخته که «مگر» از قرن چهارم هجری تاکنون در متون زبان فارسی برعهده داشته است. به این منظور پیکره‌ای مشتمل بر 24 عنوان کتاب از سه دورۀ تاریخی قرن‌های چهارم تا هفتم، هشتم تا یازدهم و دوازدهم تا زمان حاضر تهیه شد. از این سه دوره، تعداد 360 جمله که شامل «مگر» هستند استخراج شد. پس از بررسی و دسته‌بندی آنها دو کارکرد عمده برای «مگر» به‌دست آمد: کارکرد پرسشی و غیرپرسشی. ویژگی‌های هرکدام به‌تفصیل بررسی شد. هر دسته شامل زیرمجموعه‌هایی است که ویژگی‌های نحوی خاص خود را دارند. اما به‌طور کلی، نقش پرسشی «مگر» در حدود این 12 قرن روندی افزایشی را نشان می‌دهد و نقش غیرپرسشی آن روبه کاهش بوده است. همچنین به‌نظر می‌رسد در متون مکتوب «مگر» در حال عبور از مرحلۀ غیرذهنی به ذهنی‌شدگی است.

Research paper thumbnail of دستوری شدگی «مر» و پیرا اضافه «مر...را» در زبان فارسی

پژوهشهای زبانشناسی تطبیقی

زبان موجودی زنده است و سعی میکند از امکانات خود به شکلی پویا بهره ببرد. از همین رو واژگان را عناص... more زبان موجودی زنده است و سعی میکند از امکانات خود به شکلی پویا بهره ببرد. از همین رو واژگان را عناصری ایستا نمیداند، بلکه ممکن است به هنگام نیاز آنها را برای اهداف خود تغییر دهد. «دستوری شدگی» یکی از این نوع ابزارهای زبان است. وقتی یک واژه ی آزاد، دستوری میشود، به این معناست که میتواند نقشی دستوری نیز داشته باشد. اگر این فرایند ادامه یابد جزء دستوری، دستوری تر می-شود. در این مقاله به فرایند دستوری شدگی «مر» پرداخته میشود. از دورانی که «مر» واژه ای آزاد بوده اطلاعات چندانی در دست نیست. برای انجام این پژوهش در پیکره ای شامل 70 عنوان کتاب در 127 مجلد که متعلق به بازه ی زمانی قرن چهارم تا چهاردهم هجری است، وجود «مر» و «مر ...را» بررسی گردید. بررسی این پیکره نشان میدهد این واژه، به ویژه در سه قرن چهارم و پنجم و ششم به دو صورت تکواژ «مر» و پیرااضافه ی «مر ... را» کاربرد داشته است. هر دو کاربرد نشانگر چندین نقش معنایی است و از آنجا که با تکواژ «را» پیوند دارند، این نقشهای معنایی زیرمجموعه ای از نقشهای معنایی «را» نیز هستند. همه ی این نقشها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و بسامد آنها به دست آمده است و سیر دستوری شدگی آن بررسی شده است. در پایان خواهیم دید حاصل این دستوری شدگی امروزه تنها در واژه ی «مرا» مشاهده می¬شود.

Research paper thumbnail of Persian becomes more analytic: evidence from the study of parallel texts تحلیلی شدگی زبان فارسی: بررسی کمی متون موازی

Dastoor (Grammar), 2020

The Persian language has so far undergone various historical periods. In each of these periods, a... more The Persian language has so far undergone various historical periods. In each of these periods, a number of morphosyntactic, phonetic, and lexical features of the language have been changed. In some cases, this change is in a way that has shifted the language toward typological change. One of these changes has made Persian to become more analytical. But all of these changes have come about with the passing of time. Therefore, in order to study these changes, we have to take a viewpoint which examines them both synchronically and diachronically. To reach this aim, in this study, two translations of a single text have been used as two parallel texts. Tabari's translation of the Holy Qur'an, which was written in the 10th century is compared with the translation of Bahaedin Khoramshahi, belonging to the contemporary period. The question is whether Persian has become more analytic or not. Since the type of analysis of this research is based on statistical and quantitative data, first, all of the vocabularies of each of the two texts are counted and classified according to frequency of occurrence in the frequency / rank index. At the same time, they are arranged in a different list regarding to the part of speech they belong. In the second stage, each sentence of the first text is compared with the corresponding sentence of the second text and their changes are recorded. Since there is a gap of more than a thousand years between the two texts, it is assumed that the Persian language has progressed towards being analytic in this period; therefore, in order to prove this linguistic metamorphosis quantitatively, it is necessary to use a proven instrument and criterion. Zipf's law is a tool that can be used to test the analyticity of Persian language. The findings show that Persian has become more analytic.

Research paper thumbnail of Different functions of <i>‘rā’</i> in New Persian

Journal of historical linguistics, Feb 21, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of La-Leach: A New Approach to Increase the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the main issues in the context of clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) i... more One of the main issues in the context of clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is the selection of cluster head (CH). Many researches select the CH based on the value of the residual energy of the nodes. In other many approaches it is selected based on the number of the neighboring nodes or the distance among them. In this paper, a new method based on learning automata (LA) named LA-LEACH is proposed to increase the lifetime of WSNs. That is, a LA is resident on every sensor node. In the proposed method, CH is selected on the basis of both factors the residual energy and Euclidean distance. Then, using its residing LA, the selected CH communicates with its associated cluster members. The simulation results demonstrate that LA-LEACH outperforms W-LEACH, HCDD, and CSME in terms of load balancing and energy usage. Keywordsclustering, learning automata, mobile sink, wireless sensor network, lifetime

Research paper thumbnail of Different functions of ‘rā’ in New Persian A semantic map analysis

Journal of Historical Linguistics, 2024

Persian has a polyfunctional case marker, ‘rā’, which diachronically varies greatly in the range ... more Persian has a polyfunctional case marker, ‘rā’, which diachronically varies greatly in the range of functions it covers. In this paper, we give an account of different case functions of ‘rā’, in New Persian, an era from the 8th century (C.E.) to present. To analyze the functionality of ‘rā’ in different texts, we selected 78 books from the New and Contemporary Persian eras and studied one thousand tokens of ‘rā’ from each century. The data show that ‘rā’ has been a polyfunctional case marker in New Persian, marking about 13 different case roles. Its main role was to mark direct objects, and gradually it has become its sole function in Contemporary Persian. However, during the time span, some of the ‘rā’-marked roles remained constant and some of them replaced ‘rā’ with other adpositions. We follow a historical semantic map approach as a typological grid to examine our data. The findings show that ‘rā’ has shifted from animate to inanimate concepts gradually. While in the 12th century about 750 out of 1000 (about 75%) roles marked with ‘rā’ were animate, it has decreased to about 400 out of 1000 (about 42%) in the 19th century and less than 30% in the 20th century. Our data show that ‘rā’ has not gone further to mark inanimate relations, and it has gone toward core case roles, specifically direct object.

Research paper thumbnail of Aspectual Verb Constructions in Persian

Iranian studies, 2022

This paper aims to describe and explain the different morphosyntactic and semantic features of so... more This paper aims to describe and explain the different morphosyntactic and semantic features of some double verb constructions in Persian, an Indo-European language mainly spoken in Iran. It is argued that these double verb constructions are not instances of serial verb construction, but instances of emerging aspectual verbs with varied degrees of grammaticalization. It is argued that numerous factors lead to grammaticalization of these verbs, including context, the semantic class of the verbs, and their frequency. A corpus-based analysis shows that these aspectual verbs have been grammaticalized in different ratios during the last one hundred years, demonstrating ongoing change in the Persian language.