Eko Pudjadi | National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (original) (raw)

Papers by Eko Pudjadi

The indoor radon, thoron and their decay products are the main contributors of total inhalation d... more The indoor radon, thoron and their decay products are the main contributors of total inhalation dose in the living environment. Measurement of their levels in dwellings is an important aspect to assess the inhalation dose rate to humans. The exposure of population to radon and thoron gases has become an important issue in terms of radiological protection. The data on the radon and thoron gases in dwellings of Bali island, Indonesia is not available. The main objective of this study is to assess the health hazard due to the indoor radon-thoron in dwellings belonging to residential areas of Bali island. The measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in dwellings of Bali island were carried out using passive dosimeters with the CR-39 alpha track detector. The dosimeters were installed in living room and bedroom of each house. The radon and thoron concentrations in the dwellings varied from 9 to 48 Bq/m3 and not detected to 66 Bq/m3 respectively. The total annual effective dose due to the exposure of indoor radon, and thoron in study area have been found to vary from 0.38 mSv/y to 2.4 mSv/y with an mean value of 1.08 mSv/y. The mean annual estimated effective dose received by the residents of the studied area was found to be less than the action level recommended. The annual effective dose due to the exposure to radon and thoron concentrations in the dwellings of Bali island are within the permissible limits.

Penggunaan ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry) telah dianalisis dalam pengukur... more Penggunaan ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry) telah dianalisis dalam pengukuran sampel-sampellingkungan untuk keperluan safeguards. Ada 2 isotop dalam sampling lingkungan yang biasa digunakan untuk mencari asal bahan nuklir atau untuk memveriflkasi undeclared aktivitas nuklir, yaitu pertama, isotop uranium yang terdiri dari 234U, 235U, 236U dan 238U; serta kedua, isotop plutonium yang terdiri daTi 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu dan 242Pu. Isotop-isotop uranium biasanya digunakan untuk memverifikasi keberadaan suatu aktivitas PLTN, fasilitas pengkayaan atau fasilitas daur ulang. Sedangkan isotop plutonium digunakan untuk memverifikasi suatu bahan nuklir dari global fallout akibat percobaan senjata nuklir atau kecelakaan suatu fasilitas nuklir, maupun bahan nuklir untuk tujuan militer. Dalam hat lain, ICP-MS yang mampu mendeteksi kecilnya isotop dan unsur trace dengan konsentrasi ppb, dapat pula diaplikasikan untuk mengukur radio isotop 235U dan ratio isotop 240Pu/239Pu. Sensitivitas ICP-MS dengan presisi yang cukup tinggi dan biaya operasional yang cukup rendah membuat penggunaan ICP-MS untuk analisis sampling lingkungan dapat dipertimbangkan dalam pembuatan desain PLTN berbasis safeguards di negara berkembang.

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

Special Contribution An evaluation on the cytogenetic and DNA damages caused by natural radiation... more Special Contribution An evaluation on the cytogenetic and DNA damages caused by natural radiation was done in eighty eight person living in Botteng village as HLNRA and their matched control in Keang village as normal level natural radiation areas (NLNRA). Their bloods were collected with their full informed consent and culture set up for cytogenetic evaluation as well as nucleic acid damage observation with comet assay and γ-H2AX that were done according to the standard procedures. Lymphocytes were scored manually under microscopic observation for the presence of chromosome aberrations. Radiosensitivity of cells evaluation was also done by challenging these bloods to 1.5 Gy of gamma rays before being cultured. The evaluation showed that frequency of chromosome aberration in HLNRA group was lower (0.00081) compared to control group (0.00125). However, frequency of micronucleus (MN) in HLNRA group was higher (0.0204) than that in control area (0.0172). Nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear budding are found in extremely low frequency. DNA damage observation with comet assay showed a difference between study and control group, however γ-H2AX analysis showed no any effects observed in lymphocytes for both groups. Our data did not reveal any significant difference (P >0.05) in HLNRA as compared to NLNRA in all parameters (cytogenetics biomarkers) studied which is supported by the nucleic acid damage evaluation. There was a less radiosensitivity observed in lymphocytes of HLNRA group in comparison with controls.

Ecological Research, 2005

The hydroxyl (OH) radical, which is generated in polluted dew water on leaf surfaces of the Japan... more The hydroxyl (OH) radical, which is generated in polluted dew water on leaf surfaces of the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), is known to be a potent oxidant. In order to investigate the effects of the OH radical formed in polluted dew water on the photosynthesis and growth of 3-year-old seedlings of P. mume, OH radical-generating solutions simulating polluted dew water

Journal of physics, 2020

High background radiation areas usually are correlated to the high concentration of primordial ra... more High background radiation areas usually are correlated to the high concentration of primordial radionuclides activity from Uranium/Thorium series and 40 K. This paper reported the natural radioactivity level in soil sample was taken from Botteng Utara village area. The activity of primordial radionuclide such as 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were investigated from the soil by gamma spectrometry. In order to evaluate the radioactivity levels of the area, Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorb dose rate (D), the annual effective dose rate (E), the external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hi n) were calculated and compared with the internationally approved value. The concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K measured by gamma spectrometry are lies in the range 268.90 to 2921.17, 993.07 to 3153.81, and 115.72 to 438.26 Bq.kg-1 respectively. The average and maximum annual effective dose received by Botteng Utara resident from terrestrial gamma rays are 10.40 and 18.62 mSv y-1 , which is the maximum received by resident of Tande-Tande hamlets. This present work clarify that Botteng Utara is an area with high background radiation exposure from primordial radionuclides activity.

Mount Sinabung is one of the active volcanoes located in Distric Karo, North Sumatera and it is s... more Mount Sinabung is one of the active volcanoes located in Distric Karo, North Sumatera and it is site at 03 0 10' N and 98 0 23' E with an altitude of 2460 m above sea level. Mount Sinabung has erupted many times. Within the last 10 years Mount Sinabung has shown some activities, on August 27, 2010 and then in 2013 again a prolonged eruption to the present. The activity of volcanos can cause potentially life-threatening hazard that is in the form of primary hazard such as lava flows, hot cloud, poisonous gas, incandescent stone and ash rain, while the secondary danger is cold lava. The eruption of the volcano brought out a thick cloud of black smoke with sand and volcanic ash. Volcanic ash or volcanic sands are volcanic mineral drops that are ejected into the air during an eruption. Volcanic ash and sands are made up of fine to large-sized rocks, of which the fine size can fall at distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, while large ones usually fall around the radiu...

THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES (ICoNETS) 2021

Radionuclide monitoring systems with adequate sensitivity are urgently needed to be developed in ... more Radionuclide monitoring systems with adequate sensitivity are urgently needed to be developed in Indonesia for the following reasons. First, the system can be part of the national infrastructure required for the development of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and second, the system is required for anticipating the nuclear emergencies that may occur in neighboring countries. The system may be functioned also as part of CTBTO's global monitoring system. For developing a stationed monitoring system, site surveys need to be undertaken for selecting appropriate locations for installing air sampling units that shall be capable to sampling radionuclides released by NPPs operated in Asia including in the islands of Bangka, Belitung, Kalimantan and Java. This paper reports a preliminary site assessment of several locations in the cities of Padang, Medan, Pangkalpinang, Pontianak and Manado. The sites for the candidate of station were chosen from a number of facilities owned by BMKG. The survey was conducted by observing the parameters set by the CTBTO for the global monitoring system including level of background radiation dose rate, meteorological data, geographical and topographical conditions, and the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. The survey results show that among eight surveyed locations within five cities, the BMKG station at Supadio Pontianak airport is the most attractive candidate for the first installation of a radionuclide sampling station. These results have not considered the possibility of building NPPs in eastern part of Indonesia such as Lombok Island.

Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials (NORM) on earth consist of natural materials containing ... more Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials (NORM) on earth consist of natural materials containing radioactive material. Nature-produced radionuclides are called primordial radionuclides, which are found in soil, plants, water and air. This research was conducted on rice plants in five locations in Malang, namely Singosari, Malang Kota, Karangploso, Kepanjen and Pujon. This research aims to measure 210Pb and 40K natural radionuclides in paddy fields and rice plants, to analyze the value of 210Pb and 40K natural radionuclide transfer factors from paddy fields to rice plants. The research used samples of rice plants and rice fields from five different sampling locations in the Malang area. The sample was prepared and measured using a gamma spectrometer at PTKMR BATAN, Jakarta. The results show that the value of 40K radionuclide concentration was higher than the concentratio...

ABSTRAK ANALISIS DEPOSISI RADIONUKLIDA PEMANCAR ALFA PADA SALURAN PERNAFASAN MELALUI PROSES INHAL... more ABSTRAK ANALISIS DEPOSISI RADIONUKLIDA PEMANCAR ALFA PADA SALURAN PERNAFASAN MELALUI PROSES INHALASI DALAM KONDISI SISTEM TATA UDARA YANG BERBEDA DI INSTALASI RADIOMETALURGI . Telah dilakukan analisis deposisi radionuklida gros alfa dalam saluran perrnafasan pekerja melalui proses inhalasi. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar konsentrasi radionuklida gros alfa yang terhirup oleh pekerja dibandingkan dengan batasan yang direkomendasikan oleh IAEA. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan pendekatan model biokinetika sistem pernafasan manusia sesuai ICRP Publikasi 66/1994 yang diekstrapolasi dari pengukuran konsentrasi radioaktifitas radionuklida pemancar alfa di udara. Pengukuran radionuklida pemancar alfa di udara dilakukan di operating area dan service area Instalasi Radiometalurgi (IRM). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas radionuklida pemancar a di paru-paru untuk orang yang bekerja selama 4 jam per hari di operating area berturut-turut sebesar 1.232 Bq,...

Recently, international awareness of NORM as a potential source ionized radiation has increased s... more Recently, international awareness of NORM as a potential source ionized radiation has increased significantly. Also Naturally Occurring radioactive materials (NORM) became the focus of regulatory interest with the publication of International Atomic Energy Agency and have gained interest among of scientists [1]. Mt. Sinabung, located in Karo District of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, is a strato volcano having four active craters. Since its latest eruption about 1,200 year ago, a phreatic eruption occurred on August 27 th , 2010 and the eruption is still probably occurring until now. Volcanic eruptions result in substantial emissions of gases and ash particles. The areas at risk from volcanic activity encompass a large agricultural productive area. From the interactions between volcanic ash and human, the danger from volcanic ash containing radioactive nuclides can be categorized into two namely breathing and environmental risks. Breathing volcanic ash may lead to the risk of ca...

Analysis of activity concentration of natural radioactive elements in volcanic ashes, cold lava a... more Analysis of activity concentration of natural radioactive elements in volcanic ashes, cold lava and river waters has been carried out due to volcanic eruption of mount Sinabung. It was found the activity concentration of U-238, Ra-226, Th-228, Th-232 and K-40 were 22.62±13.22, 15.10±0.27, 35.45±0.48, 36.55±0.74, 538.78±3.85 respectively for vulcanic ashes and cold lava were 17.46±6.70, 11.72±0.23, 27.01±0.38, 28.76±0.60, 428.56±3.10 for U-238, Ra-226, Th-228, Th-232 and K-40 and for river waters not detected. Risk assessment of the exposure to Gamma radiation from radioactive elements to human and environment in the vicinity of study area were calculated as risk indices. The average radium equivalent (Raeq) for volcanic ashes was of 174.60 Bq/kg, the average absorbed dose rate (D) was of 60.50 nGy/h, gamma index (γi) was of 1.40 and the average of annual effective dose was of 0.084 mSv. Whereas for cold lava was 149.39 Bq/kg, 54.43 nGy/h, 0.471, 0.0476 mSv respectively for Raeq, D, ...

Genome Integrity, 2018

Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us and account for most of the radiation re... more Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us and account for most of the radiation received by human beings each year. Indonesia has a region with high-dose natural radiation located in the suburb of West Sulawesi province with a dose rate up to 2800 nSv/h; however, its impact was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes of inhabitant from high background radiation area (HBRA) and 10 from normal background radiation area (NBRA) based on cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after challenged with 1.5 Gy of gamma ray. The analysis of CBMN was done according to standard procedure as per IAEA guidelines, and frequency of binucleate (mitotic) cells with micronuclei (MN) was scored in around 2000 binucleate lymphocytes cells per culture in microscopic analysis. Mean MN frequency for HBRA was lower than that of NBRA (0.121 vs. 0.189) after irradiation, indicating an adaptive response in HBRA group ...

JURNAL IKATAN ALUMNI FISIKA, 2016

konsentrasi Radiasi Gas Radon – Thoron pasca Erupsi Gunung Sinabung terhadap penduduk Desa Siga... more konsentrasi Radiasi Gas Radon – Thoron pasca Erupsi Gunung Sinabung terhadap penduduk Desa Sigarang-garang, Desa Sukanalu, Desa Guru Kinayan, Desa Namanteran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pasif dengan sampel monitor Radon – Thoron buatan BATAN Jakarta dengan detector CR-39 didalam rumah penduduk disekitar Gunung Sinabung selama 2 bulan yaitu dari bulan Oktober 2014 – Desember 2014. Pada saat itu Gunung Sinabung terus – menerus meletus dan mengeluarkan abu dan awan panas yang sangat tebal ke desa-desa disekitarnya. Sampel Monitor Radon – Thoron ini dietsa di Laboratorium Pusat Teknologi Keselamatan dan Meterologi Radiasi BATAN Jakarta. Dari hasil proses dan etsa dilaboratorium diperoleh bahwa gas radioaktif Radon – Thoron masih dalam batas ambang dosis yang diperbolehkan oleh ICRP (Komisi Proteksi Radiasi Internasional) yaitu 1mSv/tahun kepada publik. Batas maksimun untuk Radon adalah 200 Bq/m3 dan untuk Thoron adalah 600 Bq/m3.

Atom Indonesia, 2020

The evaluation of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) codon 72 polymorphism (rs1042522) status in a popu... more The evaluation of the tumor protein p53 (TP53) codon 72 polymorphism (rs1042522) status in a population exposed to high background radiation was performed in this study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to genotype the rs1042522 polymorphism in 100 subjects from Takandeang, Salleto, and Ahu villages in Mamuju district, West Sulawesi. An in silico study was then conducted to identify the potential effects of the proline substitution associated with this polymorphism on protein stability. The in silico analysis was performed using three different computational tools, namely I-Mutant Suite, iStable, and Protein Variation Effect Analyzer (PROVEAN). Secondary and three-dimensional (3D) structural models for wild-type (WT) and variant TP53 were generated to predict potential structural changes in the protein. Electrostatic surface charge calculations were also performed to identify changes in the electrostatic charge of codon 72. The Pro72 and Arg72 frequencies among the inhabitants in the Takandeang, Salleto, and Ahu villages, who are Mandarese Austronesian-speaking ethnic group members, were 0.56 and 0.44, respectively. The in silico analysis revealed no negative effects on protein stability due to the proline substitution at codon 72, although molecular modeling showed several differences in the secondary and 3D structures of the TP53 variant compared with the structure of WT TP53. To determine the impact of the proline-coding allele on individual sensitivity to radiation exposure, we compared the micronucleus (MN) frequencies of each genotype. The results showed that the MN frequencies in individuals harboring the proline-coding allele were not significantly higher than those expressing the arginine-coding allele. In conclusion, this study revealed that the proline-coding allele for codon 72 of the TP53 gene represented the predominant genotype among Takandeang, Salleto, and Ahu villages inhabitants. The present study also demonstrated that individuals who carried the proline-coding allele were not more sensitive to radiation compared with those expressing the arginine-coding allele for codon 72 of the TP53 gene.

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

Ecological Research, 2005

Journal of physics, 2020

THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES (ICoNETS) 2021

Genome Integrity, 2018

JURNAL IKATAN ALUMNI FISIKA, 2016

Atom Indonesia, 2020

Science of The Total Environment, 2021