Onur Gulbahar | Batman University (original) (raw)

Papers by Onur Gulbahar

Many companies are following and adapting the technological developments in communication area, w... more Many companies are following and adapting the technological developments in communication area, with high percentage usage ratios of web page and mobile applications based services, even as linking them on the social media channels. Besides, internet usage and social media has been appeared out as an important channel in every sector. Tourism sector is one of the top sectors in this sense and it is adapting these new social media channel and technological communication tools. Almost, every tourism companies in Turkey are updating themselves for catching the new wave. Impressively, internet framework covering the mobile communication is very powerful in Turkey relative to other emerging economies. Moreover, there are not sufficient data which examine the social media effect on the marketing power in Turkey. But, it has become a necessity to analyze social media's role in the manner of marketing and the effects on sales in tourism sector. Another question also appears: Which social media channel is preferred for the marketing efforts in Turkey or which channels are used by companies for CRM based efforts? Mainly, research, tries to examine the social media and electronic communication effect on marketing in tourism sector. Research method is based on qualitative method and data will be collected from hotel managers. Hotels will be selected from Istanbul Hotels in Turkey. The research will describe the framework of social media and electronic communication usage for the marketing purpose of tourism sector in Turkey that gives acceleration to tourism companies in the manner of benchmarking and road mapping for their future efforts.

Keywords: Tourism; Social Media; CRM; Mobile Applications; Marketing

Many companies are following and adapting the technological developments in communication area, w... more Many companies are following and adapting the technological developments in communication area, with high percentage usage ratios of web page and mobile applications based services, even as linking them on the social media channels. Besides, internet usage and social media has been appeared out as an important channel in every sector. Tourism sector is one of the top sectors in this sense and it is adapting these new social media channel and technological communication tools. Almost, every tourism companies in Turkey are updating themselves for catching the new wave. Impressively, internet framework covering the mobile communication is very powerful in Turkey relative to other emerging economies. Moreover, there are not sufficient data which examine the social media effect on the marketing power in Turkey. But, it has become a necessity to analyze social media’s role in the manner of marketing and the effects on sales in tourism sector. Another question also appears: Which social media channel
is preferred for the marketing efforts in Turkey or which channels are used by companies for CRM based efforts? Mainly,
research, tries to examine the social media and electronic communication effect on marketing in tourism sector. Research method is based on qualitative method and data will be collected from hotel managers. Hotels will be selected from Istanbul Hotels in Turkey. The research will describe the framework of social media and electronic communication usage for the marketing purpose of tourism sector in Turkey that gives acceleration to tourism companies in the manner of benchmarking and road mapping for their future efforts.

Keywords: Tourism; Social Media; CRM; Mobile Applications; Marketing

Journal of Qafqaz University (Social Science), Number 22, Baku, 134–152, Aug 1, 2008

" The agricultural sector is an indispensable activity area by means of nutrition of population ... more " The agricultural sector is an indispensable activity area by means of nutrition of population and progress, for developed and developing countries.
Turkey, whose economy consisted mostly of and majority of working population was employed in agriculture, tried to improve the sector with conservative policies till 1980s. In this time period, conservative policies for agriculture were practiced throughout the world as well. In the beginning of 1980s, countries made decisions intended to liberalize agriculture, as a result of profusion of agricultural production and recession in the international markets. Member countries of GATT have signed “Agreement on Agriculture” and decided to decrease conservation in the first years of 1990s.
In this process of agricultural liberalization that she was not ready for, Turkey has lost her sufficiency in agricultural products. In the 2000s, the country took precautions for encouraging the sector and increasing production quality and productivity. Attempts of precautions for technology renewal, training qualified staff, decreasing agricultural product costs and increasing competitiveness have begun. However, Turkish agriculture is currently suffering from the problems like having small scale arables, having unimproved infrastructures, deficiency of legal arrangements suitable for EU norms, not having suitable supportive policies drawn up for the world’s conditions.
Key Words: Agricultural Policy, The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, Direct Income Support, Turkish Agricultural Law, Agriculture in the Development Plans"

Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl:10, Sayı:15, Karaman, 160-198, Dec 2008

In recent years, global warming has been one of the most popular headlines in the international a... more In recent years, global warming has been one of the most popular headlines in the international agenda. Numerous researches had been made to detect the main sources of the global climate change and they concluded as the most important reason is the greenhouse gas emissions that ran out of control. United Nations lead the international efforts against these sources and publish reports about personal and global precautions that have to be taken. Almost every region and sector seems to be the possible victims of global warming. Tourism is one of the sectors currently facing and expecting the future destructive consequences. Besides taking necessary precautions against the impacts of global warming over tourism, authorities should prepare the tourism countries like Turkey for the future conjuncture. In order to attract enough interest, some of the world famous people have been in the big campaigns run against this global threat. Although the importance and possible impacts of the fact is so high, current campaigns and international efforts so far don‟t seem to be enough for global awareness and action.
Keywords: Climate Change, Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases, Kyoto Protocol, Tourism, Turkish Tourism

Journal of Qafqaz University (Social Science), Number 24, Baku, 154–168, Dec 1, 2008

One of the most important economic targets especially for the developing countries is to minimize... more One of the most important economic targets especially for the developing countries is to minimize the deficits in the Balance of Payments and Current Account Balance. Countries try to cover the Current Account deficit generally by the help of tourism, which is part of the Services Account of the Balance of Payments.
Tourism has some economic contributions especially for some developing countries like creating employment, supporting other sectors, firing investments and attracting foreign assets. Tourism sector, which has a great importance for Turkish economy, has become one of the strongest foreign exchange earner sectors, thanks to the developing targets and policies along with the regulations effective since the beginning of 1980s. On the other
hand, as this growth has occurred fast and unplanned, the sector could not have strong groundwork. In order to make Turkish tourism more effective in reducing the current account deficit, international tourist arrivals, tourism receipts and tourist expenditure per tourist have to be increased. For this goal, there are lots to do, like diversifying tourism, making tourism season longer, strengthening the sector, maintaining sustainable tourism
development by following latest trends, etc.
Key words: Balance of Payments, Current Account Balance, Turkey, Tourism, Tourism Receipts

Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:23, Sayı:1, Erzurum, 19-47, Jan 2009

In today’s world, almost every country has inter-regional differences in terms of development. S... more In today’s world, almost every country has inter-regional
differences in terms of development. Such disparities bring forward many economical, social, political and cultural problems. Countries set up regional development policies, carry out several plans and projects to overcome those kind of problems. Such efforts increasingly last since the planned period in our country as well. It is known that the current regional disparity in Turkey from
Central Anatolia towards the east is negative. Considering our touristic cities being top of the socio-economical development rankings, expanding tourism sector in underdeveloped regions is clearly compulsory.
Key Words: Region, Development, Regional Disparity, Tourism,
Turkey

Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:23, Sayı:1, Erzurum, 19-47, Jan 2009

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:14, Sayı:1, Isparta, 151-177, Apr 2009

World tourism industry has performed a rapid growth from the second half of the twentieth centur... more World tourism industry has performed a rapid growth from the
second half of the twentieth century. This growth occurred in mass tourism till 1980s, and sea-sand-sun tourism in particular. As of several problems caused by mass tourism, and consumers’ demand on new products, alternative tourism types have emerged effective 1990s. The tourism industry of Turkey has obtained an important place in the world as a result of various legislations and applications taken place since the second half of 1980s. The efforts for diversification and expanding tourism whole year round began to increase in the second half of 1990s. Although some alternative tourism types have emerged, the current potential can not be evaluated, and problems like seasonal fluctuation continue.
Keywords: Tourism, Turkey, Mass Tourism, Alternative Tourism, Diversification of Tourism

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:10, Sayı:2, Sivas, 93-112, Sep 2009

Since mid 20th century, the world tourism has been through rapid change and innovation. Leisure-t... more Since mid 20th century, the world tourism has been through rapid change and innovation. Leisure-time assessment method and the expectations of today’s tourist vary, as his education and awareness level increases particularly in the Information Society. In this study, the developments in the world tourism industry and tourist profiles, incoming tourism of Turkey, travelling objectives and preference reasons of foreigners towards our country, some information about incoming visitors to Turkey coming to the years 2000s, while the world tourism experienced significant improvements, are given based on statistical data published by the institutions. Also in this study, the importance of maintenance of these types of statistics is highlighted, and necessity of effective usage of these data in evaluation in Turkish tourism development strategies is expressed.
Keywords: The 2000s, Information Society, Turkish Tourism, Tourist Profile, Tourism Policy

Conference Presentations by Onur Gulbahar

Most of the companies in Turkey are implementing their marketing based services for their product... more Most of the companies in Turkey are implementing their marketing based services for their products and services while using automation tools and new communication methods. They are trying to deliver some of their marketing facilities to
the online agencies while they are supplying software support from cloud based outsource vendors while customer relationship management gains importance for the companies for overcoming the high competition and globalization
effect. Tourism sector in Turkey is one of the leading sectors which are using new communication and marketing tools while using cloud based and customer relationship management methods. Research is trying to highlight and reveal the
popular hotels’ approach to the usage of new marketing tools, such as group online sales, electronic commerce, customer relationship management and cloud computing in Istanbul. Research method is based on deep interviews by
qualitative method and data will be collected from hotel marketing managers. Research is going to collect information about the marketing channels that the hotels use for their digital marketing efforts and then tries to collect information
about the online sales ratio relative to classical sales. Research tries to learn the hotels’ main reason for using social media, group online sales and electronic commerce channels by the interviews. Managers will be asked about (CRM)
efforts for online marketing channels such as implementation of online data to their (ERP) and using data with their marketing efforts. Also, research will examine cloud based solutions like web based services, databases and etc. The
information which underlines the main barriers of digital channels usage will increase the level of new marketing channels usage of the companies.
Keywords: Group online sales, electronic commerce, tourism, CRM, cloud computing.

2011 AHTMM CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, May 2011

In today’s global information society, an outcome cannot be related to just one variable. Being o... more In today’s global information society, an outcome cannot be related to just one variable. Being one of the most popular economic activities in the world, development of tourism has to be evaluated along with the economical, political, socio-cultural, safety environment. Tourism demand is accepted to be highly affected by both consumer’s economic situation and the host country’s political and security status.

As travel is not in the first two stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, it is not among the compulsory consumption expenditures and holiday plans are one of the first to be changed or cancelled in case of any threat against the tourist’s “biological and physiological” or “safety needs”. Likewise, as tourists need to relax in a safe environment, they will choose a country or region without any terror incidents or does not have any political problems with their own country.

The aim of this study is to determine the degree and direction of the effects of national and global crises on tourism movements to Turkey since the beginning of new millennium. In order to reach the aim, the developments in Turkish inbound tourism will be examined within the conditions of the neighbor economies, Europe and the whole world. A comparison of global incoming and outgoing tourist numbers will be made between time periods before, during and after these crises, considering some other effects. Figures will be reflected in relation with important incidents gone through; any national, regional or global economic, political crisis or health, social, safety problem.

Books by Onur Gulbahar

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction of hotel employees in rel... more In this study, it is aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction of hotel employees in relation with their demographic characteristics. For the beginning, literature review was made about job satisfaction in general. As the research methodology, a questionnaire form was prepared and applied to the employees of 5-star Hotels in the Anatolian side of Istanbul. The JSS (Job Satisfaction Survey) developed by Spector was used for the determination of job satisfaction among employees. Demographic and job related general questions were added to the applied questionnaire. The analysis of the outcomes were summarized and evaluated following the determination of frequencies of each demographic characteristics, general satisfaction level, satisfaction level for each JSS statement and significance of the relations between demographic characteristics and job satisfaction levels. Descriptive Statistics was made to see the overall job satisfaction level of the sample, Frequency Tables for general demographic / work related qualifications and each JSS items to see the detailed satisfaction levels, Independent-Samples T Test, One Way ANOVA and Welch Tests along with their Post Hoc Tests and Crosstabs to see the relationships between the respondents’ qualifications and their satisfaction level. As per the outcomes, general satisfaction level calculated 4.63 out of 7, which means the sample is close to being slightly satisfied with their job. Additionally, single men, earning more than the monthly poverty limit have the higher job satisfaction level among their colleagues.
Key Words: Tourism, Hotel industry, Job satisfaction, the Job Satisfaction Survey, Istanbul-Anatolian Side