Haznan Abimanyu | Indonesian Institute of Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Haznan Abimanyu

Catalysis Lett, 2007

The transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol to co-generate dimethyl carbonat... more The transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol to co-generate dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol over the MgO, CeO 2 and mixed oxide thereof was studied using a fixed-bed isothermal tube reactor. In all mixed oxide, the presence of cerium led to a decrease of BET surface area and pore volume as compared to pure magnesia. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that no mixed phases were observed, but MgO (periclase) and CeO 2 (cerianite) phases. The catalytic activity intensely depends on the surface basicity and the base strength distribution, but not on the surface area and pore volume. It was found that a high EC conversion of 67% with DMC selectivity of 95% could be obtained by catalyst with cerium content around 25 mol%.

Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Jun 1, 2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2008

Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium su... more Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium sulfate at higher temperature. Ethylene glycol, a reducing agent, and solvents had good inhibition effect for the preparation of BaSO 4 nano particles. The BaSO 4 solution was sprayed at 500 & 800 o C using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and n-butyl alcohol. N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm revealed that BaSO 4 is micropore free, possessing narrow mesopores size distribution and high BET surface areas of 72.52 m 2 g −1 at 800 o C using propanol as an additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the morphology of BaSO 4 nano material shows uniform shell like particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the resulting BaSO 4 nano particles were uniform in size and the average particle size was 4-8 nm. The surface functionality and ethylene glycol peaks were assessed by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy. Low intensity ethylene glycol specific absorption peak was observed in propanol which proved that propanol had good inhibition effect on the structural morphology of nano particles.

J Sol Gel Sci Technol, 2007

Mesoporous TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 composite granules were prepared by combining sol-gel/oil-drop metho... more Mesoporous TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 composite granules were prepared by combining sol-gel/oil-drop method, using various titania solution. The product granules can be used as a photocatalyst or adsorbent in moving, fluidized bed reactors. The phase composition and pore structure of the granules can be controlled by calcination temperature and using different titania solution. In the photocatalysis of NH 3 decomposition, TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 granules using Degussa P25 powder treated thermally at 450°C showed the highest catalytic ability. However, TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 granules using titania made by hydrothermal method had comparable performance in NH 3 decomposition.

Ind Eng Chem Res, 2007

Mixed oxides of magnesium and cerium were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method using roo... more Mixed oxides of magnesium and cerium were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method using roomtemperature ionic liquids. The catalytic performance of these catalysts has been successfully investigated in the cogeneration of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol via the transesterification process of ethylene carbonate with methanol. It was found that addition of an ionic liquid as a template material in the coprecipitaion method increased the surface area and decreased the particle size of the catalyst. Moreover, ionic liquids increased the surface basicity of the particles as well. Among the ionic liquids, it has been found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF 4 ]) was the most effective ionic liquid to prepare nanoporous MgO-CeO 2 catalyst, which showed the best catalytic performance.

Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium su... more Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium sulfate at higher temperature. Ethylene glycol, a reducing agent, and solvents had good inhibition effect for the preparation of BaSO 4 nano particles. The BaSO 4 solution was sprayed at 500 & 800 o C using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and n-butyl alcohol. N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm revealed that BaSO 4 is micropore free, possessing narrow mesopores size distribution and high BET surface areas of 72.52 m 2 g −1 at 800 o C using propanol as an additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the morphology of BaSO 4 nano material shows uniform shell like particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the resulting BaSO 4 nano particles were uniform in size and the average particle size was 4-8 nm. The surface functionality and ethylene glycol peaks were assessed by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy. Low intensity ethylene glycol specific absorption peak was observed in propanol which proved that propanol had good inhibition effect on the structural morphology of nano particles.

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditi Indonesia yang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat. Produk sam... more Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditi Indonesia yang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat. Produk samping kelapa sawit yang berupa limbah merupakan potensi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi, sehingga akan prospektif bila dijadikan sebagai bahan baku etanol. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan konversi TKKS menjadi etanol menggunakan enzim xylanase dari jamur Thermomyces lanuginosus dan enzim selulase dari jamur Trichoderma reesei serta enzim selulase dari jamur Aspergillus niger, dengan variasi masing-masing enzim 20 FPU, 30 FPU, dan 40 FPU. Selulase merupakan polisakarida yang dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim xylanase dan selulase kemudian akan difermentasikan oleh yeast Sacchoromyces cerevisiae menjadi etanol melalui proses Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Serentak (SSF). Parameter yang diamati adalah TKKS proses pretreatment secara alkali dalam larutan NaOH 3 N dengan rasio padatan terhadapan larutan 1:5 dengan ...

Energy Procedia, 2015

Empty fruit bunch was considered as substrate for second generation of bioethanol because it cons... more Empty fruit bunch was considered as substrate for second generation of bioethanol because it consists of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. For lignocelluloses materials, it usually needs pretreatment and hydrolysis to convert cellulose into glucose. Two methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) were carried out in this study. The performance of both SHF and SSF was concerned to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis methods and enzyme concentration for producing ethanol. Pretreatment was conducted in a reactor using 10% sodium hydroxide at temperature 150°C during 30 minutes. Two kinds of enzyme, Cellic® CTec2 and Cellic® HTec2 from novozyme were added in 15% (gr/ml) of pretreated EFB at pH 4.8. Four concentration of enzyme Cellic® CTec2, 10, 20, 30, 40 FPU per gram biomass were performed in SHF and SSF processes respectively, while Cellic® HTec2 was added 20% from Cellic® CTec2. Contents of glucose, xylose, and ethanol were recorded every 24 hours. Using 40 FPU of concentration enzyme, it could be produce 4.74% of ethanol in 72 hours fermentation by SHF process and 6.05% of ethanol in 24 hours by SSF process. From this study, the SSF method was considered as a better process than SHF due to rapidly ethanol production and the highest concentration of produced ethanol.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Increasing energy demand and concern about increased greenhouse gas emissions make lignocellulosi... more Increasing energy demand and concern about increased greenhouse gas emissions make lignocellulosic biomass increasingly to be recognized as having great potential for biofuel and biomaterial production based on the biorefinery concept. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs) is one of the major solid wastes in the palm oil industries as a source of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose is the highest component of EFBs that can be converted to ethanol. The aim of this research was to investigate the different strategies for high substrate loading on SSF process of bioethanol production from EFBs. Increasing substrate loading is one of the most important challenges to make bioethanol production more economical. This research used two methods to increase the substrate concentration loading on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) i.e: direct variation of substrate concentration loading and substrate loading gradually to obtain a high-concentration substrate. A range of substrate loading was from 15% to 25% (g.mL -1 ). The SSF process was carried out at 32 o C, pH 4.8, and 150 rpm for 72 hours. The result shows that the highest concentration of ethanol can be produced by a high concentration of substrate loading gradually. The highest ethanol concentration was 83.40 g.L -1 (80.21% ethanol yield) by using 25% (g.mL -1 )substrate loading gradually, 18 FPU/g substrate enzyme Cellic® Ctec2 and 20% Cellic® Htec2 (based on volume of Cellic® Ctec2), and 1% (g.mL -1 ) yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae in SSF process. Whereas, 20% (g.mL -1 ) concentration substrate loading by directly or gradually produce almost same ethanol concentration.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Over the past years, lack of energy fossil has become an important issue around the world, especi... more Over the past years, lack of energy fossil has become an important issue around the world, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Alternative energy is needed to replace utilization of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is providing one window of potential alternative energy. Lignocellulosic from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) could be a promising bioethanol raw material because it will not interfere food supply. Pretreatment is a one of the steps in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic material. Pretreatment also contributed the largest cost in the bioethanol production. Black liquor as the waste of pretreatment provides significant environmental impacts. Black liquor recycling is expected to increase economic efficiency by reducing the cost of pretreatment and the amount of wastewater. This experiment used black liquor with NaOH addition as a pretreatment solution. The pretreatment process was conducted at 5 liter reactors at 150 o C and 160 o C. The result using black liquor was not significant different with using NaOH solution in the pretreatment process at 160 o C, delignification and cellulose content were 84.01% and 77.10%, respectively, but the results in pretreatment at 150 o C gave the lower value. The maximum ethanol concentration in variation of pretreatment solutions: NaOH solutions, black liquor with NaOH addition at 150 o C, and at 160 o C are 67.42 gl -1 , 61.14 gl -1 and 67.03 gl -1 , respectively, at a pretreated biomass loading of approximately 15% (w/v) with an enzyme dosage of 30 FPU g/dry biomass.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Bioethanol from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a second-generation bioethanol (bioethanol G2) ha... more Bioethanol from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a second-generation bioethanol (bioethanol G2) has been developed. It produces high amounts of black liquor wastewater which also contains alkaline solution (NaOH). Black liquor wastewater is harmful to aquatic ecosystems if discharge directly into waters. This study aimed to determine decolorization of black liquor wastewater by using chemical and biological methods. Coagulation-flocculation method by using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and alumwith different ratio was also investigated. This study also identified the ability of white-rot fungi to decolorize black liquor wastewater on agar and liquid medium.The results showed that black liquor wastewater with initial concentration 30,000 ppm can be decolorized by using two methods, coagulation-flocculation and decolorization by white-rot fungi.The optimum condition to obtain 96% decolorization was using concentration coagulant 1% combination alum-PAC 3:1 with total retention time 33 minutes.Out of the three fungi studied, Trametes versicolor U97 showed the most degraded fungus onagar medium containing black liquor. In liquid medium, the percentage of decolorization ranged from 70% to 89% at 30 days depending on the fungal strain.

Energy Procedia, 2015

The waste plant materials remaining from palm oil extraction consist of cellulose, hemicellulose ... more The waste plant materials remaining from palm oil extraction consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. They are potential sources of cellulose, which can be used as raw material for production of fermentable sugar. In this study, a single stage of heterogeneous acid catalyst hydrolysis were carried out in ionic liquid solution over sulfated zirconia catalysts prepared by modified sol gel method. Among the sulfated zirconia catalysts tested, sulfated zirconia prepared by SFE showed the highest hydrolysis catalytic activity up to 37.20 % in EFB treated and 53.95 % in frond treated. In addition, the process variable of reaction time hydrolysis was also investigated over both sulfated zirconia catalyst. The objective of this research is to do catalytic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic waste by using sulfated zirconia catalyst prepared by sol gel method.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2014

Utilization of an oil palm industry waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the environmenta... more Utilization of an oil palm industry waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the environmental technology field is still limited. OPEFB has the potential to be used as a pre-grown source for white-rot fungi (WRF) because it induces ligninolytic activity that can be used to degrade organopollutants. Therefore, the ability of OPEFB as a pre-grown source for white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor U97, to degrade DDT in batches with static and shaking conditions and a bioreactor was investigated. It has been found that DDT was reduced into 68% and 75% during 30 days and 61% during 15 days incubation, respectively. OPEFB played a role for adsorption, as a possible carbon source, and stimulator to enhance ligninolytic activity. Thirty meshes of OPEFB was the optimum size for pre-grown source of T. versicolor U97 because degradation of DDT in shaking condition at 60 rpm could be improved up to 80%. Immobilized T. versicolor U97 fungi pre-grown in OPEFB was also effective for degrading DDT in a bioreactor for up to 30 days. Briefly, this research indicated that OPEFB can be used as an alternative pre-grown source for WRF to degrade organopollutants in batches and a bioreactor.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014

Keywords:

Energy Procedia, 2014

Bioethanol purification process after the fermentation process was done in two stages, namely dis... more Bioethanol purification process after the fermentation process was done in two stages, namely distillation and dehydration. The dehydration can be carried out with molecular sieves, one of them by using natural zeolite. Therefore, the activity tests and characterization of Gunungkidul natural zeolites and commercial zeolite (import) were conducted. It was observed that the vapor phase dehydration using modified Gunungkidul natural zeolite has the ability to purify ethanol relatively similar to the commercial zeolite (purity more than 99%) but has lower yield. Relatively much ethanol was absorbed by natural zeolite, as evidenced by the addition of adsorbent weight more than 20%.

Frontiers on Separation Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, 2004

Frontiers on Separation Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, 2004

Catalysis Lett, 2007

The transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol to co-generate dimethyl carbonat... more The transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol to co-generate dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol over the MgO, CeO 2 and mixed oxide thereof was studied using a fixed-bed isothermal tube reactor. In all mixed oxide, the presence of cerium led to a decrease of BET surface area and pore volume as compared to pure magnesia. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that no mixed phases were observed, but MgO (periclase) and CeO 2 (cerianite) phases. The catalytic activity intensely depends on the surface basicity and the base strength distribution, but not on the surface area and pore volume. It was found that a high EC conversion of 67% with DMC selectivity of 95% could be obtained by catalyst with cerium content around 25 mol%.

Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Jun 1, 2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2008

Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium su... more Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium sulfate at higher temperature. Ethylene glycol, a reducing agent, and solvents had good inhibition effect for the preparation of BaSO 4 nano particles. The BaSO 4 solution was sprayed at 500 & 800 o C using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and n-butyl alcohol. N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm revealed that BaSO 4 is micropore free, possessing narrow mesopores size distribution and high BET surface areas of 72.52 m 2 g −1 at 800 o C using propanol as an additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the morphology of BaSO 4 nano material shows uniform shell like particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the resulting BaSO 4 nano particles were uniform in size and the average particle size was 4-8 nm. The surface functionality and ethylene glycol peaks were assessed by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy. Low intensity ethylene glycol specific absorption peak was observed in propanol which proved that propanol had good inhibition effect on the structural morphology of nano particles.

J Sol Gel Sci Technol, 2007

Mesoporous TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 composite granules were prepared by combining sol-gel/oil-drop metho... more Mesoporous TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 composite granules were prepared by combining sol-gel/oil-drop method, using various titania solution. The product granules can be used as a photocatalyst or adsorbent in moving, fluidized bed reactors. The phase composition and pore structure of the granules can be controlled by calcination temperature and using different titania solution. In the photocatalysis of NH 3 decomposition, TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 granules using Degussa P25 powder treated thermally at 450°C showed the highest catalytic ability. However, TiO 2 /c-Al 2 O 3 granules using titania made by hydrothermal method had comparable performance in NH 3 decomposition.

Ind Eng Chem Res, 2007

Mixed oxides of magnesium and cerium were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method using roo... more Mixed oxides of magnesium and cerium were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method using roomtemperature ionic liquids. The catalytic performance of these catalysts has been successfully investigated in the cogeneration of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol via the transesterification process of ethylene carbonate with methanol. It was found that addition of an ionic liquid as a template material in the coprecipitaion method increased the surface area and decreased the particle size of the catalyst. Moreover, ionic liquids increased the surface basicity of the particles as well. Among the ionic liquids, it has been found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF 4 ]) was the most effective ionic liquid to prepare nanoporous MgO-CeO 2 catalyst, which showed the best catalytic performance.

Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium su... more Spray pyrolysis has been found as an excellent method for the preparation of mesoporous barium sulfate at higher temperature. Ethylene glycol, a reducing agent, and solvents had good inhibition effect for the preparation of BaSO 4 nano particles. The BaSO 4 solution was sprayed at 500 & 800 o C using different solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and n-butyl alcohol. N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm revealed that BaSO 4 is micropore free, possessing narrow mesopores size distribution and high BET surface areas of 72.52 m 2 g −1 at 800 o C using propanol as an additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the morphology of BaSO 4 nano material shows uniform shell like particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the resulting BaSO 4 nano particles were uniform in size and the average particle size was 4-8 nm. The surface functionality and ethylene glycol peaks were assessed by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy. Low intensity ethylene glycol specific absorption peak was observed in propanol which proved that propanol had good inhibition effect on the structural morphology of nano particles.

Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditi Indonesia yang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat. Produk sam... more Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditi Indonesia yang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat. Produk samping kelapa sawit yang berupa limbah merupakan potensi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi, sehingga akan prospektif bila dijadikan sebagai bahan baku etanol. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan konversi TKKS menjadi etanol menggunakan enzim xylanase dari jamur Thermomyces lanuginosus dan enzim selulase dari jamur Trichoderma reesei serta enzim selulase dari jamur Aspergillus niger, dengan variasi masing-masing enzim 20 FPU, 30 FPU, dan 40 FPU. Selulase merupakan polisakarida yang dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim xylanase dan selulase kemudian akan difermentasikan oleh yeast Sacchoromyces cerevisiae menjadi etanol melalui proses Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Serentak (SSF). Parameter yang diamati adalah TKKS proses pretreatment secara alkali dalam larutan NaOH 3 N dengan rasio padatan terhadapan larutan 1:5 dengan ...

Energy Procedia, 2015

Empty fruit bunch was considered as substrate for second generation of bioethanol because it cons... more Empty fruit bunch was considered as substrate for second generation of bioethanol because it consists of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses. For lignocelluloses materials, it usually needs pretreatment and hydrolysis to convert cellulose into glucose. Two methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) were carried out in this study. The performance of both SHF and SSF was concerned to evaluate the effect of hydrolysis methods and enzyme concentration for producing ethanol. Pretreatment was conducted in a reactor using 10% sodium hydroxide at temperature 150°C during 30 minutes. Two kinds of enzyme, Cellic® CTec2 and Cellic® HTec2 from novozyme were added in 15% (gr/ml) of pretreated EFB at pH 4.8. Four concentration of enzyme Cellic® CTec2, 10, 20, 30, 40 FPU per gram biomass were performed in SHF and SSF processes respectively, while Cellic® HTec2 was added 20% from Cellic® CTec2. Contents of glucose, xylose, and ethanol were recorded every 24 hours. Using 40 FPU of concentration enzyme, it could be produce 4.74% of ethanol in 72 hours fermentation by SHF process and 6.05% of ethanol in 24 hours by SSF process. From this study, the SSF method was considered as a better process than SHF due to rapidly ethanol production and the highest concentration of produced ethanol.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Increasing energy demand and concern about increased greenhouse gas emissions make lignocellulosi... more Increasing energy demand and concern about increased greenhouse gas emissions make lignocellulosic biomass increasingly to be recognized as having great potential for biofuel and biomaterial production based on the biorefinery concept. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs) is one of the major solid wastes in the palm oil industries as a source of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose is the highest component of EFBs that can be converted to ethanol. The aim of this research was to investigate the different strategies for high substrate loading on SSF process of bioethanol production from EFBs. Increasing substrate loading is one of the most important challenges to make bioethanol production more economical. This research used two methods to increase the substrate concentration loading on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) i.e: direct variation of substrate concentration loading and substrate loading gradually to obtain a high-concentration substrate. A range of substrate loading was from 15% to 25% (g.mL -1 ). The SSF process was carried out at 32 o C, pH 4.8, and 150 rpm for 72 hours. The result shows that the highest concentration of ethanol can be produced by a high concentration of substrate loading gradually. The highest ethanol concentration was 83.40 g.L -1 (80.21% ethanol yield) by using 25% (g.mL -1 )substrate loading gradually, 18 FPU/g substrate enzyme Cellic® Ctec2 and 20% Cellic® Htec2 (based on volume of Cellic® Ctec2), and 1% (g.mL -1 ) yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae in SSF process. Whereas, 20% (g.mL -1 ) concentration substrate loading by directly or gradually produce almost same ethanol concentration.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Over the past years, lack of energy fossil has become an important issue around the world, especi... more Over the past years, lack of energy fossil has become an important issue around the world, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Alternative energy is needed to replace utilization of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is providing one window of potential alternative energy. Lignocellulosic from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) could be a promising bioethanol raw material because it will not interfere food supply. Pretreatment is a one of the steps in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic material. Pretreatment also contributed the largest cost in the bioethanol production. Black liquor as the waste of pretreatment provides significant environmental impacts. Black liquor recycling is expected to increase economic efficiency by reducing the cost of pretreatment and the amount of wastewater. This experiment used black liquor with NaOH addition as a pretreatment solution. The pretreatment process was conducted at 5 liter reactors at 150 o C and 160 o C. The result using black liquor was not significant different with using NaOH solution in the pretreatment process at 160 o C, delignification and cellulose content were 84.01% and 77.10%, respectively, but the results in pretreatment at 150 o C gave the lower value. The maximum ethanol concentration in variation of pretreatment solutions: NaOH solutions, black liquor with NaOH addition at 150 o C, and at 160 o C are 67.42 gl -1 , 61.14 gl -1 and 67.03 gl -1 , respectively, at a pretreated biomass loading of approximately 15% (w/v) with an enzyme dosage of 30 FPU g/dry biomass.

Energy Procedia, 2015

Bioethanol from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a second-generation bioethanol (bioethanol G2) ha... more Bioethanol from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a second-generation bioethanol (bioethanol G2) has been developed. It produces high amounts of black liquor wastewater which also contains alkaline solution (NaOH). Black liquor wastewater is harmful to aquatic ecosystems if discharge directly into waters. This study aimed to determine decolorization of black liquor wastewater by using chemical and biological methods. Coagulation-flocculation method by using Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) and alumwith different ratio was also investigated. This study also identified the ability of white-rot fungi to decolorize black liquor wastewater on agar and liquid medium.The results showed that black liquor wastewater with initial concentration 30,000 ppm can be decolorized by using two methods, coagulation-flocculation and decolorization by white-rot fungi.The optimum condition to obtain 96% decolorization was using concentration coagulant 1% combination alum-PAC 3:1 with total retention time 33 minutes.Out of the three fungi studied, Trametes versicolor U97 showed the most degraded fungus onagar medium containing black liquor. In liquid medium, the percentage of decolorization ranged from 70% to 89% at 30 days depending on the fungal strain.

Energy Procedia, 2015

The waste plant materials remaining from palm oil extraction consist of cellulose, hemicellulose ... more The waste plant materials remaining from palm oil extraction consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. They are potential sources of cellulose, which can be used as raw material for production of fermentable sugar. In this study, a single stage of heterogeneous acid catalyst hydrolysis were carried out in ionic liquid solution over sulfated zirconia catalysts prepared by modified sol gel method. Among the sulfated zirconia catalysts tested, sulfated zirconia prepared by SFE showed the highest hydrolysis catalytic activity up to 37.20 % in EFB treated and 53.95 % in frond treated. In addition, the process variable of reaction time hydrolysis was also investigated over both sulfated zirconia catalyst. The objective of this research is to do catalytic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic waste by using sulfated zirconia catalyst prepared by sol gel method.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2014

Utilization of an oil palm industry waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the environmenta... more Utilization of an oil palm industry waste, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the environmental technology field is still limited. OPEFB has the potential to be used as a pre-grown source for white-rot fungi (WRF) because it induces ligninolytic activity that can be used to degrade organopollutants. Therefore, the ability of OPEFB as a pre-grown source for white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor U97, to degrade DDT in batches with static and shaking conditions and a bioreactor was investigated. It has been found that DDT was reduced into 68% and 75% during 30 days and 61% during 15 days incubation, respectively. OPEFB played a role for adsorption, as a possible carbon source, and stimulator to enhance ligninolytic activity. Thirty meshes of OPEFB was the optimum size for pre-grown source of T. versicolor U97 because degradation of DDT in shaking condition at 60 rpm could be improved up to 80%. Immobilized T. versicolor U97 fungi pre-grown in OPEFB was also effective for degrading DDT in a bioreactor for up to 30 days. Briefly, this research indicated that OPEFB can be used as an alternative pre-grown source for WRF to degrade organopollutants in batches and a bioreactor.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014

Keywords:

Energy Procedia, 2014

Bioethanol purification process after the fermentation process was done in two stages, namely dis... more Bioethanol purification process after the fermentation process was done in two stages, namely distillation and dehydration. The dehydration can be carried out with molecular sieves, one of them by using natural zeolite. Therefore, the activity tests and characterization of Gunungkidul natural zeolites and commercial zeolite (import) were conducted. It was observed that the vapor phase dehydration using modified Gunungkidul natural zeolite has the ability to purify ethanol relatively similar to the commercial zeolite (purity more than 99%) but has lower yield. Relatively much ethanol was absorbed by natural zeolite, as evidenced by the addition of adsorbent weight more than 20%.

Frontiers on Separation Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, 2004

Frontiers on Separation Science and Technology - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference, 2004