Carol Baker | Baylor College of Medicine (original) (raw)

Papers by Carol Baker

Jama the Journal of the American Medical Association, Apr 24, 1981

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1986

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1992

... 81 : 20 . Orlandi EW, Hutcheson SW, Baker CJ. 1991 . Early physiological responses associated... more ... 81 : 20 . Orlandi EW, Hutcheson SW, Baker CJ. 1991 . Early physiological responses associated with race cultivar specificity of soybean treated with Pseudomonas syringae pv . glycinea . Phytopatholo 1224 (Abstr) . 21 . Staskawicz BJ, Dahlbeck D, Keen NT . 1984 . ...

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Jan 8, 2015

Using a multi-center, active surveillance network from two rotavirus seasons (2012 and 2013), we... more Using a multi-center, active surveillance network from two rotavirus seasons (2012 and 2013), we assessed the vaccine effectiveness of RV5 (RotaTeq) and RV1 (Rotarix) rotavirus vaccines in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for numerous demographic and secular strata. We enrolled children hospitalized or visiting the ED with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for the 2012 and 2013 seasons at 7 medical institutions. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped, and rotavirus vaccination histories were compared for rotavirus-positive cases and rotavirus-negative AGE controls. We calculated the VE for preventing rotavirus associated hospitalizations and ED visits for each vaccine, stratified by vaccine dose, season, clinical setting, age, predominant genotype, and ethnicity. RV5-specific VE analyses included 2,961 subjects, 402 rotavirus cases (14%) and 2,559 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specif...

American journal of diseases of children (1960)

To determine factors associated with risk for umbilical catheter-related sepsis, we studied neona... more To determine factors associated with risk for umbilical catheter-related sepsis, we studied neonates with one or more catheters in place for more than 3 days. Among 225 infants with 357 umbilical catheters, catheter-related sepsis occurred in 14 infants (6%). Catheter-related sepsis occurred in 5% of infants with umbilical arterial catheters and in 3% of infants with umbilical venous catheters. Staphylococcal species accounted for 71% of cases of catheter-related sepsis. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that very low birth weight and longer duration of antibiotic therapy were significantly associated with risk for umbilical arterial catheter-related sepsis. Increased risk for umbilical venous catheter-related sepsis was best predicted by the simultaneous occurrence of higher birth weight and infusion of hyperalimentation solution. Catheter duration correlated with duration of antibiotic therapy and with infusion of hyperalimentation solution for both types of catheters...

Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics... more The purpose of this study was to assess the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of zidovudine (ZDV) in infants and children. This evaluation includes 394 subjects who participated in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Study 152 and received either ZDV alone or in combination with didanosine. The most significant PK covariate was age, with infants < 2 years

Philosophical Magazine, 1969

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment and cold work on the superconducting properties of Ti-20 at... more AbstractThe effects of heat treatment and cold work on the superconducting properties of Ti-20 at. % Nb have been studied by measurement of magnetization, M(H), critical current density, Jc(H) and transition temperature, Tc. The metallurgy has been determined by electron and optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Quenching the recrystallized alloy from the single phase β region above 500°C produces a

Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 2014

ABSTRACT Recent outbreaks of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease on US college campuses ha... more ABSTRACT Recent outbreaks of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease on US college campuses have heightened awareness about the gap in available vaccines to protect against this serious and sometimes fatal infection. Federal agencies, college health authorities, public health officials, and consumer advocates are in a heightened state of awareness about the challenges of facing this unpredictable disease and the need for an effective and timely public health response when outbreaks occur. Challenges in responding to the recent outbreaks provided a compelling reason for the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases to assemble a panel of stakeholders/subject matter experts to examine the public health response to the recent outbreaks and strategies for appropriate and streamlined public health responses to future outbreaks.

Schizophrenia Research, 1998

IV schizophrenics, their 6 parents and 12 of their 13 siblings. A minimum of 2 of Perse's signs w... more IV schizophrenics, their 6 parents and 12 of their 13 siblings. A minimum of 2 of Perse's signs was found in all 3 patients and in 9 of the 18 non-psychotic family members. A schizophrenic M.M.P.I. pattern was found in the three patients and in no one of the family members.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 1995

There is little information available on invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in pediat... more There is little information available on invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in pediatric patients older than 3 months of age. Review of infection control records at LeBonheur Children's Medical Center from January 1, 1986, to June 30, 1993, identified 143 patients with a positive GBS culture from normally sterile body fluid. Medical records of 18 (13%) patients > 3 months old with their first GBS infection were reviewed. Age range was 15 weeks to 18 years (median age, 13 months). Ten were black and 11 were girls. Five infants had a history of premature birth and 2 infants were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The serotype distribution of 12 available GBS isolates was 4 type III, 2 each type V and Ia and 1 each type Ia/c, Ib/c, II and II/c. Bacteremia without a focus (9 patients) was the most common clinical manifestation. All 4 type III isolates were associated with bacteremia. One infant with human immunodeficiency virus infection had sepsis and bullous desquamation; a toxin-producing type V strain was isolated from her blood. Two adolescents with ventriculoperitoneal shunts had meningitis, including one whose cerebrospinal fluid also grew a type V strain. Other clinical manifestations were septic arthritis, endocarditis (Ia, II/c), central venous catheter (Ia/c) and ventriculostomy infections.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 1996

... MD; BAKER, CAROL J. MD; RASKINO, CLAIRE MSC; MCKINNEY, ROSS E. MD; LIFSCHITZ, MARTA H. MD; PE... more ... MD; BAKER, CAROL J. MD; RASKINO, CLAIRE MSC; MCKINNEY, ROSS E. MD; LIFSCHITZ, MARTA H. MD; PETRIE, BARBARA BS†; FOWLER, MARY GLENN MD, MPH; CONNOR, JAMES D. MD; MENDEZ, HERMANN MD; O&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;DONNELL, KAREN PHD; WARA, DIANE W. MD ...

Neurosurgery, 1991

The effect of transient hypothermia on focal cerebral ischemia was evaluated using a rat model of... more The effect of transient hypothermia on focal cerebral ischemia was evaluated using a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. MCA occlusion was performed on 10 rats at a temporalis muscle temperature of 24 degrees C (hypothermic group) and on 10 rats at 36 degrees C (normothermic group). Rats in the hypothermic group were maintained at 24 degrees C for 1 hour after MCA occlusion and then allowed to rewarm to 36 degrees C over the next 2 hours. Animals in both groups were killed 24 hours after MCA occlusion. Cerebral infarcts were visualized by staining of coronal brain sections with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Normothermic rats displayed an average infarct volume of 233.1 +/- 13.2 mm3 (standard error of the mean), whereas hypothermic rats had an average infarct volume of 166.2 +/- 22.8 mm3 (P less than 0.01). Expressed as a percentage of the volume of the right hemisphere, the normothermic group had an infarct volume of 22.1 +/- 1.5% and the hypothermic group an infarct volume of 16.0 +/- 2.2% (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that transient hypothermia to a temporalis muscle temperature of 24 degrees C significantly reduces subsequent infarct size in an experimental model of permanent arterial occlusion.

Molecular Microbiology, 2003

Small untranslated RNAs (sRNAs) perform a variety of important functions in bacteria. The 245 nuc... more Small untranslated RNAs (sRNAs) perform a variety of important functions in bacteria. The 245 nucleotide sRNA of Escherichia coli, CsrC, was discovered using a genetic screen for factors that regulate glycogen biosynthesis. CsrC RNA binds multiple copies of CsrA, a protein that post-transcriptionally regulates central carbon flux, biofilm formation and motility in E. coli. CsrC antagonizes the regulatory effects of CsrA, presumably by sequestering this protein. The discovery of CsrC is intriguing, in that a similar sRNA, CsrB, performs essentially the same function. Both sRNAs possess similar imperfect repeat sequences (18 in CsrB, nine in CsrC), primarily localized in the loops of predicted hairpins, which may serve as CsrA binding elements. Transcription of csrC increases as the culture approaches the stationary phase of growth and is indirectly activated by CsrA via the response regulator UvrY. Because CsrB and CsrC antagonize CsrA activity and depend on CsrA for their synthesis, a csrB null mutation causes a modest compensatory increase in CsrC levels and vice versa. Homologues of csrC are apparent in several Enterobacteriaceae. The regulatory and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.

Molecular Microbiology, 2005

The RNA-binding protein CsrA represses biofilm formation, while the non-coding RNAs CsrB and CsrC... more The RNA-binding protein CsrA represses biofilm formation, while the non-coding RNAs CsrB and CsrC activate this process by sequestering CsrA. We now provide evidence that the pgaABCD transcript, required for the synthesis of the polysaccharide adhesin PGA poly-b b b b -1,6-N -acetyl-D -glucosamine) of Escherichia coli , is the key target of biofilm regulation by CsrA. csrA disruption causes an approximately threefold increase in PGA production and an approximately sevenfold increase in expression of a pgaA ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ -¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ lacZ translational fusion. A D D D D csrB D D D D csrC mutant exhibits a modest decrease in pgaA ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ -¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ lacZ expression, while the response regulator UvrY, a transcriptional activator of csrB and csrC , stimulates this expression. Biofilm formation is not regulated by csrA , csrB or uvrY in a D D D D pgaC mutant, which cannot synthesize PGA. Gel mobility shift and toeprint analyses demonstrate that CsrA binds cooperatively to pgaA mRNA and competes with 30S ribosome subunit for binding. CsrA destabilizes the pgaA transcript in vivo . RNA footprinting and boundary analyses identify six apparent CsrA binding sites in the pgaA mRNA leader, the most extensive arrangement of such sites in any mRNA examined to date. Substitution mutations in CsrA binding sites overlapping the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and initiation codon partially relieve repression by CsrA. These studies define the crucial mechanisms, though not the only means, by which the Csr system influences biofilm formation.

Landscape Ecology, 1996

Three methods for assessing the relationships between estuarine sediment contaminant levels and w... more Three methods for assessing the relationships between estuarine sediment contaminant levels and watershed stressors for 25 Chesapeake Bay sub-estuaries were compared. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to delineate watersheds for each sub-estuary and analyze land use pattern (area and location of developed, herbaceous and forested land) and point source pollution (annual outflow and contaminant loading) using three landscape analysis methods: (1) a watershed approach using the watershed of the estuary containing the sampling station, (2) a 'partial watershed' approach using the area of the watershed within a 10 km radius of the sampling station and (3) a 'weighted partial watershed' approach where stressors within the partial watershed were weighted by the inverse of their linear distance from the sampling station. Nine sediment metals, 16 sediment organics and seven metals loading variables were each reduced to one principal component for statistical analyses. Relationships between the first principal components for sediment metals and organics concentrations and watershed stressor variables were analyzed using rank correlation and stepwise multiple regression techniques. For both metals and organics, the watershed method yielded R2 values considerably lower than the partial and weighted partial watershed analysis methods. Regression models using stressor data generated by the weighted partial watershed landscape analysis method explained 76% and 47% of the variation in the first principal component for sediment metals and organics concentrations, respectively. Results suggest that the area of developed land located in the watershed within 10 km of the sediment sampling station is a major contributing factor in the sediment concentrations of both metals and organics.

Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1998

A model of the wheat canopy/root/soil system has been developed, which calculates the risk of ste... more A model of the wheat canopy/root/soil system has been developed, which calculates the risk of stem and root lodging from crop parameters and soil characteristics. For a large number of wind speed and rainfall realisations the model determines whether or not stem lodging will occur by comparing the wind induced bending moment at the base of an individual shoot with the stem base failure moment. Similarly, whether or not root lodging will occur is ascertained by comparing the wind induced base bending moment of the whole plant with the plant's root failure moment. The overall probability of lodging is determined from the proportion of wind speed and rainfall realisations for which lodging is predicted to occur. For differently managed wheat crops the model correctly predicted lodging in 21 of the 30 lodged crops and nil lodging for 38 of the 42 standing crops. The model showed that both stem and root lodging may occur given suitable circumstances. The state of the crop was as important as the prevailing weather for influencing lodging risk. A relatively small number of crop parameters were of major importance in the lodging process. These include the shoot's centre of gravity height, natural frequency, stem base radius and failure yield stress, and the plant's shoot number, root plate diameter and structural rooting depth. In addition, the importance of soil, particulary clay content, in influencing anchorage was illustrated. Recommendations for further improvement of the model include improvement of the soil strength calculation. Copyright 1998 Academic Press

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 1990

Journal of Bacteriology, 2003

CsrA is a global regulator that binds to two sites in the glgCAP leader transcript, thereby block... more CsrA is a global regulator that binds to two sites in the glgCAP leader transcript, thereby blocking ribosome access to the glgC Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The upstream CsrA binding site (GCACACGGAU) was used to search the Escherichia coli genomic sequence for other genes that might be regulated by CsrA. cstA contained an exact match that overlapped its Shine-Dalgarno sequence. cstA was previously shown to be induced by carbon starvation and to encode a peptide transporter. Expression of a cstA-lacZ translational fusion in wild-type and csrA mutant strains was examined. Expression levels in the csrA mutant were approximately twofold higher when cells were grown in Luria broth (LB) and 5-to 10-fold higher when LB was supplemented with glucose. It was previously shown that cstA is regulated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein complex and transcribed by ⌭ 70 . We investigated the influence of S on cstA expression and found that a S deficiency resulted in a threefold increase in cstA expression in wild-type and csrA mutant strains; however, CsrA-dependent regulation was retained. The mechanism of CsrA-mediated cstA regulation was also examined in vitro. Cross-linking studies demonstrated that CsrA is a homodimer. Gel mobility shift results showed that CsrA binds specifically to cstA RNA, while coupled-transcription-translation and toeprint studies demonstrated that CsrA regulates CstA synthesis by inhibiting ribosome binding to cstA transcripts. RNA footprint and boundary analyses revealed three or four CsrA binding sites, one of which overlaps the cstA Shine-Dalgarno sequence, as predicted. These results establish that CsrA regulates translation of cstA by sterically interfering with ribosome binding.