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Papers by Dario Muti

Brain Sciences

The aim of this study is to review the available literature investigating the relationship betwee... more The aim of this study is to review the available literature investigating the relationship between hikikomori, a pathological condition characterized by severe social withdrawal or isolation, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Studies on the relationship between ASD and IGD have found significant positive correlations between these two conditions. Individuals with ASD would appear to be at risk of developing a problematic use of the Internet, which, to the right extent, would represent a useful tool for social interaction and cognitive development. Even subjects with hikikomori, in whom rarefied interpersonal relationships and social isolation could be balanced by the use of online connections, appear to be at high risk of developing IGD. On the other hand, the finding of significant autistic traits in populations with hikikomori could lead to considering this psychopathological condition as a particular presentation of autism spectrum, a hypothesis t...

Graduation Thesis, Sep 15, 2012

Questo testo si propone lo scopo di analizzare la figura storica di Eugenio Rignano. Viene preso ... more Questo testo si propone lo scopo di analizzare la figura storica di Eugenio Rignano. Viene preso in considerazione il suo apporto alla diffusione della cultura scientifica, attraverso la partecipazione alla casa editrice Zanichelli ed alla rivista "Scientia". Inoltre, si approfondisce la sua produzione in ambito psicologico, sociologico e soprattutto biologico; con particolare riferimento al contesto storico in cui Rignano si è trovato ad operare

European Yearbook of the History of Psychology, 2016

This paper takes into account a late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century biological descripti... more This paper takes into account a late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century biological description of mnestic processes: a relatively unknown paradigm labeled ‘organic memory’. Under the influence of Spencer and Haeckel, several authors (the most famous were Theodule Ribot and Richard Semon) described hereditary facts in mnemonic terms, providing an early scientific description of mnestic processes and retrieval. An outline of the relation between these ‘organic memory’ theories and the new theoretical framework about memory introduced by Endel Tulving in 1970-80 is then provided, describing the role of the ‘engram’ concept in the cognitivistic description of the retrieval processes.

Eugenio Rignano (Livorno 1870-Milano 1930) è stato un ingegnere e un poligrafo italiano, attivo t... more Eugenio Rignano (Livorno 1870-Milano 1930) è stato un ingegnere e un poligrafo italiano, attivo tanto sul piano intellettuale quanto su quello redazionale (con la «Rivista di Scienza»,dal 1910 in poi «Scientia») e dell'associazionismo filantropico (presso la Società Umanitaria di Milano). La produzione dell'ingegnere, autore estremamente prolifico, può essere distinta in quattro settori disciplinari: sociologia, biologia, psicologia ed infine alcuni materiali relativi alla filosofia morale. Rignano, per ciascun settore disciplinare, ha prodotto monografie ed articoli, in cui spesso si riscontrano sovrapposizioni e riproposizioni. Per quanto riguarda l'indagine archivistica, è stato possibile ricostruire nel dettaglio l'attività della redazione di «Scientia», sulla quale sono emersi molti materiali inediti (relativi soprattutto agli anni 1917-1924) e che hanno consentito, coordinandosi con la letteratura esistente, di ricostruire la rete di contatti epistolari di Rign...

ISBN 978-88-3618-062-2 Volume a cura di Maria Lucenti.

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2022

The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) is an instrument recently developed and va... more The Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) is an instrument recently developed and validated in English for measuring social camouflaging. While increasing research is focusing on camouflaging behaviours often used for masking autistic traits in social contexts, the CAT-Q remains the only self-report instrument in this field. We aimed to validate the Italian version of the CAT-Q, further testing its validity and reliability in a large Italian University population (N = 2439). We employed the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) for assessing autism spectrum conditions. The CAT-Q demonstrated excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as strong correlations with the AdAS Spectrum. Our results confirm that the CAT-Q is a valuable instrument for evaluating social camouflaging.

Liliana Dell’Osso Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma ... more Liliana Dell’Osso Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy • E-mail: liliana.dellosso@med.unipi.it Summary A growing interest has been devoted to adult presentations of Autism Spectrum Disorders. This led to focus on comorbidity between ASD and other mental disorders, mainly (but not limited to) Borderline Personality Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorders, Mood Disorders and Eating Disorders. The presence of any psychiatric comorbidity can mask ASD, in particular in subjects with no intellectual impairment. To address this psychopathological issue, studies adopting the AdAS questionnaire, an instrument with strong convergent validity with alternative dimensional measures of ASD and excellent internal consistency and testretest reliability, able to detect subthreshold forms of ASD in adulthood, have been reviewed. Based on these evidences, the Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model has been developed, which includes thresho...

Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2020

Background: The Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) is a recently developed instru... more Background: The Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) is a recently developed instrument tailored to assess the broad range of full-threshold as well as sub-threshold manifestations related to the autism spectrum. Although it has proved to be a valuable instrument for quantitative assessment of autistic symptoms, the AdAS Spectrum still lacks validated diagnostic thresholds. Objective: The aim of this study was to define the best cut-off scores of the AdAS Spectrum for determining the presence of subthreshold autistic traits as well as a clinically significant autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Our sample was composed of 39 patients with full-blown ASD, 73 subjects with autistic traits, and 150 healthy controls. Subjects were evaluated by trained psychiatrists, who performed a clinical diagnosis according to DSM-5 and then assessed with the AdAS Spectrum and the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Results: Our results showed that the most discriminant cut-off scores were 70...

Life, 2021

In the last few decades, video game playing progressively became a widespread activity for many p... more In the last few decades, video game playing progressively became a widespread activity for many people, in childhood as well in adulthood. An increasing amount of literature has focused on pathological and non-pathological correlates of video game playing, with specific attention towards Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). While many neurobiological studies in this field were based on neuroimaging, highlighting structural and functional brain changes among video game users, only a limited number of studies investigated the presence of biochemical correlates of video gaming. The present work aims to summarize and review the available literature about biochemical changes linked to video game use in IGD patients as well as non-pathological users, and the differences in between. Results may shed light on risks and benefits of video games, providing directions for further research on IGD treatment and, on other hand, on the potential role of video games in therapeutic or preventive protocols...

CNS Spectrums, 2020

In the last decades, increasing attention has been provided to socio-cultural and neurobiological... more In the last decades, increasing attention has been provided to socio-cultural and neurobiological factors involved in the psychopathology of feeding and eating disorders (FED), encouraging a multifactorial approach. In this framework, several authors stressed an association between FED and other kinds of psychiatric disorders from both a psychopathological and a neurobiological point of view. In particular, many promising contributions are focusing on the possible link between FED and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Growing interest about this association rose from the frequently reported evidence of ASD-like traits amongst FED patients and abnormal eating behaviors amongst patients with ASD. This narrative review overview aims to summarize the most relevant findings about the overlap between different kinds of FED and the autism spectrum, taking into account the most recent hypotheses about the psychopathology of both these conditions. While most of the studies focused on anorexia ...

CNS Spectrums, 2019

Background.While the literature frequently highlighted an association between social anxiety diso... more Background.While the literature frequently highlighted an association between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), few studies investigated the overlapping features of these conditions. The presented work evaluated the relationship between SAD and OCD spectrum in a clinical population and in healthy controls (HC).Methods.Fifty-six patients with OCD, 51 with SAD, 43 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 59 HC (N = 209) were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Social Phobia Spectrum (SCI-SHY), and the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum (SCI-OBS).Results.SAD patients scored significantly higher than other groups on all SCI-SHY domains and total score; OCD patients scored significantly higher than HC. MDD patients scored significantly higher than HC on the SCI-SHY total, Behavioral inhibition, and Interpersonal sensitivity domains. OCD patients scored significantly higher than other groups on all SCI-OBS domains except D...

Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2019

Background: While growing literature is stressing the link between Autistic Traits (AT) and traum... more Background: While growing literature is stressing the link between Autistic Traits (AT) and trauma-/stress-related disorders, in both conditions significant differences have been separately reported. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms with respect to sex. Methods: 178 university students were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (TALS) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS). In order to evaluate sex differences in trauma-/stress-related symptoms among subjects with higher or lower AT, the sample was split in two groups with an equal number of subjects on the basis of the median score reported on AdAS Spectrum (“AdAS high scorers” and “AdAS low scorers”). Results: Females reported significantly higher TALS total score, Loss events and Grief reaction domain scores than males in the whole sample, while AdAS high scorers reported significantly higher TALS tot...

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2019

Background: Autism spectrum is a psychopathological dimension which encompasses a wide range of c... more Background: Autism spectrum is a psychopathological dimension which encompasses a wide range of clinical presentations: from subthreshold forms and autistic traits (AT), that can be found in the general population, to full-blown autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies reported high rates of comorbidity between both ASD and AT and mood disorders, as well as a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among patients with ASD/AT. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mood symptoms and suicidal ideation and behaviors in patients with full-blown ASD and in subjects with AT, as well in a healthy control (HC) group, with a specific focus on which of the autistic features may be predictive of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Methods: We recruited 262 adult subjects: 34 with ASD without intellectual impairment or language disability (ASD group), 68 fulfilling only one symptom criterion for ASD according to DSM-5 but who do not meet criteria for a full-blown diagnosis of ASD (AT group), and 160 HC. All subjects were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5); in addition, they were asked to fill two questionnaires: The Mood Spectrum, Selfreport (MOODS-SR) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum). Results: ASD subjects reported significantly higher AdAS Spectrum and MOODS-SR total scores, as well as higher MOODS-SR depressive component total scores, when compared with AT and HC subjects. AT subjects scored significantly higher than the HC group. No significant differences were reported between ASD and AT subjects for the suicidality score according to MOODS-SR, despite both groups scored significantly higher than the HC group. The strongest predictor of suicidality score were MOODS-SR depressive component score and AdAS Spectrum Restricted interests and rumination domain score. Conclusions: Our results highlight a correlation between autism and mood spectrum, as well as between suicidality and both ASD and AT. Subthreshold forms of ASD should be accurately investigated due to their relationship with suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions characte... more Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by alterations in brain connectivity with cascading effects on neuropsychological functions. To date, in the framework of an increasing interest about environmental conditions which could interact with genetic factors in ASD pathogenesis, many authors have stressed that changes in the intrauterine environment at different stages of pregnancy, such as those linked to maternal metabolic pathologies, may lead to long-term conditions in the newborn. In particular, a growing number of epidemiological studies have highlighted the role of obesity and maternal diabetes as a risk factor for developing both somatic and psychiatric disorders in humans, including ASD. While literature still fails in identifying specific etiopathological mechanisms, a growing body of evidence is available about the presence of a relationship between maternal immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress,...

Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2018

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) has been recently defined as a pathological approach to feeding related t... more Orthorexia nervosa (ON) has been recently defined as a pathological approach to feeding related to healthiness concerns and purity of food and/or feeding habits. This condition recently showed an increasing prevalence particularly among young adults. In order to investigate the prevalence of ON and its relationship with gender and nutritional style among young adults, we explored a sample of students from the University of Pisa, Italy. Assessments included the ORTO-15 questionnaire and a socio-demographic and eating habits form. Subjects were dichotomized for eating habits (i.e. standard vs vegetarian/vegan diet), gender, parents' educational level, type of high school attended, BMI (low vs high vs normal BMI). Chi square tests were performed to compare rates of subjects with overthreshold ORTO-15 scores, and Student's unpaired t test to compare mean scores between groups. Two Classification tree analyses with CHAID growing method were employed to identify the variables best...

Lo spettro autistico può essere considerato come una dimensione trans-nosografica, che può non so... more Lo spettro autistico può essere considerato come una dimensione trans-nosografica, che può non solo rappresentare il punto d’inizio per lo sviluppo di traiettorie psicopatologiche ma anche essere alla base di tratti di personalità non psicopatologici. La mancata individuazione di tratti autistici tra i pazienti che richiedono un trattamento ha certamente una rilevanza clinica. Viene quindi presentato un nuovo questionario di Spettro, l’ AdAS Spectrum , che indaga tale matrice psicopatologica. Differenti traiettorie di neurosviluppo possono essere modellate in base al livello di gravità di malattia e alle interazioni con l’ambiente e gli eventi della vita. In una più ampia cornice, alterazioni “autistic-like” possono essere considerate come un fattore di vulnerabilità per diversi tipi di disturbi psichiatrici, ma anche come base neurobiologica per lo sviluppo di capacità iper-adattative. Parole chiave : spettro autistico, AdAS Spectrum, tratti autistici, disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo, anoressia nervosa, ortoressia, disturbo post-traumatico da stress, disturbo borderline di personalità.

CNS Spectrums

Objective. Increasing literature reported higher rates of psychiatric disorders in parents of chi... more Objective. Increasing literature reported higher rates of psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as of autistic-like features in social and cognitive functioning. However, little attention has been paid to the association between autistic traits (AT) and global functioning in this population. The aim of the present work was to investigate clinical and functional correlates of AT among parents of ASD children, with a specific focus on ruminative thinking. Methods. One hundred and twenty parents of ASD children were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Results. Subjects with at least 1 psychiatric disorder (39.2%) showed significantly higher AdAS Spectrum and RRS scores. Subjects with a history of school...

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Brain Sciences

Graduation Thesis, Sep 15, 2012

European Yearbook of the History of Psychology, 2016

ISBN 978-88-3618-062-2 Volume a cura di Maria Lucenti.

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2022

Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2020

Life, 2021

CNS Spectrums, 2020

CNS Spectrums, 2019

Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 2019

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2019

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018

Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2018

CNS Spectrums

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment

Ripensare gli anni Ottanta e Novanta Infanzie e adolescenze in divenire, 2021

ISBN 978-88-3618-062-2 Volume a cura di Maria Lucenti.

ETS, Pisa, 2021

Eugenio Rignano (1870-1930) è una delle figure più affascinanti, ma sinora meno studiate, del pos... more Eugenio Rignano (1870-1930) è una delle figure più affascinanti, ma sinora meno studiate, del positivismo italiano. Ingegnere e cofondatore della «Rivista di Scienza», poi «Scientia», Rignano è stato uno scrittore prolifico, contribuendo a discipline come la sociologia, la biologia, la psicologia.
Spinto da una profonda fede socialista, questa figura di studioso si è a lungo occupata di problematiche vastissime, cercando di comporre i dualismi insanabili che minacciavano di lacerare la sintesi scientifica del suo tempo: mente e corpo, nature e nurture, capitalismo e socialismo. Le sue letture internazionali lo portarono a soffermarsi sulla nozione di “memoria organica”: ovvero l’idea che le tutta la materia organica possieda capacità mnemoniche, e che queste ultime spieghino i fenomeni dell’ereditarietà. Sulla base di questa sintesi, nella veste inedita di un “ingegnere del ragionamento”, Rignano ha proposto un’interessantissima lettura della psicologia. I suoi testi, più apprezzati all’estero che non in Italia, si collocano in un momento cruciale della storia della psicologia, fra la “crisi” del Novecento e la nascita delle più importanti scuole, divenendo materiale di confronto per autori come Janet e Piaget.

In Contagi, di Liliana Dell'Osso, 2020

Eredi di un mondo igienico, costretti dal Covid-19 al lockdown, abbiamo l’impressione che il “con... more Eredi di un mondo igienico, costretti dal Covid-19 al lockdown, abbiamo l’impressione che il “contagio” sia la categoria definitoria dell’attualità. Nulla di più falso. Il contagio è una categoria totale della nostra cultura. Nasce dal senso del tatto, dalla conseguenza della prossimità fra oggetti, nel mondo. Esso interessa i corpi, i saperi, le idee, gli oggetti. Questo studio cerca di esplorare il mondo dei contagi, quello che si è riscoperto fra incredulità, allarmismi e fake news quando la pandemia ci ha avvolto. Quello che, dall’antica Grecia sino ai virus informatici, ha definito la nostra cultura, fra metafore e scienze. Quello che, nella traiettoria vitale di un artista come Edvard Munch, ha fornito ispirazioni per opere capaci di sintetizzare degli aspetti universali dell’anima. Il mondo dei contagi è il mondo in cui viviamo. In esso osservatore e fenomeno osservato, medico e malattia, possono andare a sovrapporsi. Nessun uomo, neppure il terapeuta, è immune alla dimensione onnicomprensiva del contatto.

Liliana Dell'Osso è Professore Ordinario di Psichiatria e Presidente del Collegio Nazionale dei Professori Ordinari di Psichiatria, Direttore della Clinica Psichiatrica e della Scuola di Specializzazione in Psichiatria dell’Università di Pisa. È autrice/coautrice di oltre 800 pubblicazioni su riviste scientifiche, prevalentemente internazionali, di Manuali e di numerosi saggi tra cui: L'altra Marilyn. (Le Lettere, 2016), L’abisso negli occhi (ETS, 2016), La verità sulla menzogna (ETS, 2017), Il Caso Coco Chanel (Giunti, 2018), L’ombra dell’autismo (FrancoAngeli, 2018), Genio e follia 2.0 (FrancoAngeli, 2019), Fatti di quotidiana follia (Giunti, 2019). Fa parte dei Top Italian Scientists (che comprende gli scienziati italiani a più alto impact factor), della Top Italian Women Scientists e del club 100esperte.it

Daniela Toschi, psichiatra, ha svolto la sua professione come Dirigente Medico presso l’Azienda USL 3 di Pistoia e l’Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest. È autrice di pubblicazioni che esplorano i confini tra disturbi del neurosviluppo, disturbo post-traumatico da stress e creatività artistica, nonché di storia della psicoanalisi.

Dario Muti è dottore di ricerca e collaboratore professionale dell'Università di Pisa, dove si occupa di storia della scienza e filosofia della scienza. È autore o coautore di articoli e saggi, fra cui L’insopportabile Genio. Il caso Coco Chanel (Giunti, 2018), con Liliana Dell’Osso e Barbara Carpita.

Manuale di Clinica e Riabilitazione Psichiatrica. Dalle conoscenze teoriche alla pratica dei servizi di salute mentale, 2018

Giovanni Fioriti Editore. Roma.

Manuale di Clinica e Riabilitazione Psichiatrica. Dalle conoscenze teoriche alla pratica dei servizi di salute mentale, 2018

Giovanni Fioriti Editore. Roma.

Manuale di Clinica e Riabilitazione Psichiatrica. Dalle conoscenze teoriche alla pratica dei servizi di salute mentale, 2018

Giovanni Fioriti Editore. Roma.

Manuale di Clinica e Riabilitazione Psichiatrica. Dalle conoscenze teoriche alla pratica dei servizi di salute mentale, 2018

Giovanni Fioriti Editore. Roma.

La psichiatria italiana tra Ottocento e Novecento. Dal manicomio al territorio, 2018

A cura di Massimo Aliverti

Il caso Coco Chanel. L'insopportabile genio, 2018

Giunti, Firenze, 2018.

La memoria tra cultura e biologia.

In E. Calamari, "La memoria tra cultura e biologia", Pisa University Press, 2015, pp. 41-73.

Volume pubblicato con un contributo del PREMESSA Collettività: si tratta di una parola dal sapore... more Volume pubblicato con un contributo del PREMESSA Collettività: si tratta di una parola dal sapore novecentesco, che oggi dovremmo provare a declinare nuovamente. Negli studi che avete fra le mani ci sono molti tentativi che vanno in tal senso e che affondano le radici nella storia del pensiero filosofico occidentale, rilanciando la parola nel dibattito contemporaneo o criticandone le derive. Si tratta degli atti della giornata seminariale curata dalle ragazze e dai ragazzi della Scuola di Dottorato in Discipline Filosofiche e Storia della Scienza dell'Università di Pisa. È stata una giornata "autogestita" dal titolo significativo -Uno sguardo sulla collettività -che si è svolta nella Sala convegni della Casa della Città "Stazione Leopolda" di Pisa.