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Papers by NIZAM MUHAMMAD DARWESH
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, May 30, 2022
Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem, and affects 60-90% of children; and ... more Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem, and affects 60-90% of children; and has relationship with social; dietary; and behavioral factors. The main objective of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of dental caries among children of District Nowshera Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in District Nowshera, in which a total of n=295 children were examined regarding presence of dental caries, from January to April 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding determinants of dental caries and its risk factors from parents. Data was analyzed by SPSS and results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 60.68% of children had dental caries. Approximately, 54.92% were male; 64.41% had age < 5 years; 42.03% were working mothers; and 53.56% were form rural setup. Moreover; 46.78% use toothbrush; 26.78% use fluoride toothpaste; 73.56% were breastfed; 20.0% were bottle fed; and 83.39% had night feeding. Furthermore; 29.49% children preferred high caloric food intake; 32.88% prefer sugars in food; and 47.80% added sugar during bottle feeding of their children. Conclusions: It was concluded that dental caries showed moderate to high frequency among children; and showed strong relationship family income, body mass index, parent's education level; and job status of parents. Moreover, frequency of toothbrushing, fluoride toothpaste , and sugar preference showed association with dental caries and thus social, dietary and health promotion strategies were needed to reduce prevalence and complications of dental caries.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations, with high incidence and prevale... more Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations, with high incidence and prevalence of occupational health problems; and farmers are exposed to a too many occupational hazards. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of occupational health problems among the local farmers of Swat, Peshawar and Kohat Districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Methodology: After ethical approval; a cross sectional study was conducted among the selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Pakistan. Total of n=325 farmers were assessed regarding the occupational health problems. The famers were selected through convenience sampling technique, based on 95% confidence interval, with 5% precision. A structured open ended questionnaire was used in which farmers were asked regarding the occupational health problems. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Finally the result was presented in form of tables. Results: Results showed that 32% were literate; 51.38% had...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objectives: Hygiene practices helps a lot in the prevention of infection among the admitted patie... more Objectives: Hygiene practices helps a lot in the prevention of infection among the admitted patients and an important component of infection prevention and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the hygiene status of medical and surgical units of selected hospitals in District Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, Pakistan. Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in hospitals of Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, from August 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected from 60 medical and surgical units. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and face-to- face interviews were conducted with healthcare workers and patients. Finally results were presented in form of tables. Results: 64.66% of health care staff practice hand hygiene measures; and most of the surgeons (81.67%) were not satisfied with provided scrubbing materials. 46.67% of patients were satisfied with the prevailing hygiene status; 96.67% with health ser...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: Globally, anemia is the most common problem and affecting approximately 15 to 30% of ... more Background: Globally, anemia is the most common problem and affecting approximately 15 to 30% of adult population and the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. According to WHO, anemia is more prevalent in children and women and too many etiological factors are responsible for its causation. The main objective was to assess the frequency and risk factors of anemia among the adult female population in District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from June to December 2021, in the district Swat, in which n=211 female individuals were selected through simple random sampling technique of age 18 years and above. Woman was termed as anemic if the HB level is below 10gm/ dl. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 and finally the results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 29.86% of adult female populations in the study populations were ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2020
Background COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors asso... more Background COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 have been reported. The present study aims to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in Pakistan with highest COVID-19 associated case fatality rate. Methods This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who died or discharged alive until 1st May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were obtained from hospital records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Statistical tests were applied to determine the risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. Results Of the total 179 patients from the 10 designated hospitals, 127 (70.9%) were discharged alive while 52 (29.1%) died in the hospital. Overall, 109 (60.9%) patient...
Protein expression and purification, Apr 24, 2017
A thorough characterisation of the genetics, physiology and metabolism of Escherichia coli has le... more A thorough characterisation of the genetics, physiology and metabolism of Escherichia coli has led to the availability of a large number of strains and vectors suitable for recombinant protein expression. Despite the relative ease in using E. coli for achieving amplified expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins this can be a frustrating and time-consuming process leading to very low expression or no expression at all. This is especially true for membrane proteins, which introduce additional challenges. A number of factors can be considered and optimised for achieving required levels of amplified expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli that are broadly classified as host strain, expression vector and growth conditions. In this paper we summarise these factors and consolidate the common challenges encountered and approaches to overcome them, focusing in particular on cases where there is low amplified expression or no expression at all of the desired recombinan...
The Journal of medical research, Nov 24, 2020
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, May 30, 2022
Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem, and affects 60-90% of children; and ... more Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem, and affects 60-90% of children; and has relationship with social; dietary; and behavioral factors. The main objective of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of dental caries among children of District Nowshera Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in District Nowshera, in which a total of n=295 children were examined regarding presence of dental caries, from January to April 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding determinants of dental caries and its risk factors from parents. Data was analyzed by SPSS and results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 60.68% of children had dental caries. Approximately, 54.92% were male; 64.41% had age < 5 years; 42.03% were working mothers; and 53.56% were form rural setup. Moreover; 46.78% use toothbrush; 26.78% use fluoride toothpaste; 73.56% were breastfed; 20.0% were bottle fed; and 83.39% had night feeding. Furthermore; 29.49% children preferred high caloric food intake; 32.88% prefer sugars in food; and 47.80% added sugar during bottle feeding of their children. Conclusions: It was concluded that dental caries showed moderate to high frequency among children; and showed strong relationship family income, body mass index, parent's education level; and job status of parents. Moreover, frequency of toothbrushing, fluoride toothpaste , and sugar preference showed association with dental caries and thus social, dietary and health promotion strategies were needed to reduce prevalence and complications of dental caries.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations, with high incidence and prevale... more Background: Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations, with high incidence and prevalence of occupational health problems; and farmers are exposed to a too many occupational hazards. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of occupational health problems among the local farmers of Swat, Peshawar and Kohat Districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Methodology: After ethical approval; a cross sectional study was conducted among the selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Pakistan. Total of n=325 farmers were assessed regarding the occupational health problems. The famers were selected through convenience sampling technique, based on 95% confidence interval, with 5% precision. A structured open ended questionnaire was used in which farmers were asked regarding the occupational health problems. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Finally the result was presented in form of tables. Results: Results showed that 32% were literate; 51.38% had...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Objectives: Hygiene practices helps a lot in the prevention of infection among the admitted patie... more Objectives: Hygiene practices helps a lot in the prevention of infection among the admitted patients and an important component of infection prevention and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the hygiene status of medical and surgical units of selected hospitals in District Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, Pakistan. Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in hospitals of Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, from August 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected from 60 medical and surgical units. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and face-to- face interviews were conducted with healthcare workers and patients. Finally results were presented in form of tables. Results: 64.66% of health care staff practice hand hygiene measures; and most of the surgeons (81.67%) were not satisfied with provided scrubbing materials. 46.67% of patients were satisfied with the prevailing hygiene status; 96.67% with health ser...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: Globally, anemia is the most common problem and affecting approximately 15 to 30% of ... more Background: Globally, anemia is the most common problem and affecting approximately 15 to 30% of adult population and the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. According to WHO, anemia is more prevalent in children and women and too many etiological factors are responsible for its causation. The main objective was to assess the frequency and risk factors of anemia among the adult female population in District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from June to December 2021, in the district Swat, in which n=211 female individuals were selected through simple random sampling technique of age 18 years and above. Woman was termed as anemic if the HB level is below 10gm/ dl. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 and finally the results were presented in form of tables. Results: The results showed that 29.86% of adult female populations in the study populations were ...
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2020
Background COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors asso... more Background COVID-19 is an ongoing public health issue across the world. Several risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 have been reported. The present study aims to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in Pakistan with highest COVID-19 associated case fatality rate. Methods This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who died or discharged alive until 1st May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were obtained from hospital records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Statistical tests were applied to determine the risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. Results Of the total 179 patients from the 10 designated hospitals, 127 (70.9%) were discharged alive while 52 (29.1%) died in the hospital. Overall, 109 (60.9%) patient...
Protein expression and purification, Apr 24, 2017
A thorough characterisation of the genetics, physiology and metabolism of Escherichia coli has le... more A thorough characterisation of the genetics, physiology and metabolism of Escherichia coli has led to the availability of a large number of strains and vectors suitable for recombinant protein expression. Despite the relative ease in using E. coli for achieving amplified expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins this can be a frustrating and time-consuming process leading to very low expression or no expression at all. This is especially true for membrane proteins, which introduce additional challenges. A number of factors can be considered and optimised for achieving required levels of amplified expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli that are broadly classified as host strain, expression vector and growth conditions. In this paper we summarise these factors and consolidate the common challenges encountered and approaches to overcome them, focusing in particular on cases where there is low amplified expression or no expression at all of the desired recombinan...
The Journal of medical research, Nov 24, 2020