Samia Rashed | Benha University (original) (raw)

Papers by Samia Rashed

Research paper thumbnail of The value of cleared thick smear in examining faeces for some helminth eggs

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of hydatid cyst fluid antigens

PubMed, Apr 1, 2003

ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assesse... more ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assessed for cystic hydatid disease (CHD), confirmed by HCF-Ag immunoblotting assay. The sensitivity of the tests was 94.4% and 83.3% for HCF-Ag-ELISA and IHA respectively. HCF-Ag-ELISA showed some cross-reaction in tumor cases (5.5%), but no cross-reaction was observed in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. IHA showed 100% specificity. To confirm this data SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using HCF-Ag was applied. Echinococcus specific reactions were reported with 44Kda, 34Kda, 29Kda and 8Kda HCF-Ag resolved bands. Cross-reaction was found with 27Kda, 21Kda, 16Kda and 13Kda bands in tumor patients. Moreover, cross-reaction was found with 200Kda, 175Kda, 62Kda, 52Kda and 40Kda in serological anti-Schistosoma antibodies positive cases. So, using specific HCF-Ag components, immunoblotting provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in CHD.

Research paper thumbnail of The applicability of ELISA in blood spots on filter papers for the clinical stage of human schistosomiasis mansoni

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between the effect of praziquantel and essential oil of Lamiaceace family on hymenolepis nana egg viability in experimentally infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, 2018

Background Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is the most common tapeworm infection worldwide. It is more... more Background Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is the most common tapeworm infection worldwide. It is more prevalent in warm climates where sanitation is poor, particularly among children. Objectives In this work, we investigated the effect of praziquantel (PZQ), given at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (single dose), and essential oil of Lamiaceace family given at a dose of 400 μl/kg body weight (for 5 days and a second course given after 1 week) on the egg viability of experimental H. nana-infected mice (80 laboratorybred male Swiss albino mice). Methods Two groups of mice were used in the study: one group received PZQ and the other received essential oil of Lamiaceace family. The mice that received treatments were killed after the development of the adult stage, confirmed by egg detection in stool. Results PZQ resulted in significant reduction in the number of viable eggs from the first day of treatment, whereas essential oil of Lamiaceace family resulted in significant reduction in the number of viable eggs from the third day of treatment and was remarkable after the second course of treatment. Conclusions It was concluded that essential oils of Lamiaceace family have significant anticestodal properties that enable them to be a very effective alternative to PZQ against H. nana.

Research paper thumbnail of Curcumin in Treatment of Experimental Trichinosis

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Aug 1, 2023

Trichinella spiralis is one of the most widespread zoonotic parasitic nematodes in the world. The... more Trichinella spiralis is one of the most widespread zoonotic parasitic nematodes in the world. There is an increasing interest in developing new safe and effective anthelminthic herbal drug against T. spiralis. This study assessed the effect of curcumin (bioactive compound of C. longa) in treatment of T. spiralis infected mice compared with albendazole. Seventy-five albino mice were classified into four groups. GI: Non-infected control, GII: Infected nontreated control, GIII: Treated early 3 rd dpi by albendazole alone, curcumin alone, and combination of albendazole & curcumin, and GIV: Treated on 31 st dpi by the same drugs. Mice were sacrificed on the 7 th dpi for intestinal phase assessment and on the 49 th dpi for muscle assessment. Treatment efficiency was assessed by parasitological and histopathological examinations. The results showed a significant decrease in intestinal adults ' count in all treated groups compared to non-treated cont rolones. Reduction rates of the intestinal phase were 92.87% in albendazole & curcumin treated group followed by 87.58% in albendazole treated group and 62.93% in curcumin treated group. There was also significant decrease in muscle larvae count compared to positive control ones by reduction rates of 84.03%, 70.38% & 44.96% for albendazole &curcumin, albendazole alone and curcumin alone respectively. The histopathological results showed improvement in intestinal and muscular architecture in all treated groups compared to positive control one, particularly in combined albendazole & curcumin treated group.

Research paper thumbnail of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Accuracy of Direct Thin and Thick Smear, Formol-Ether Sedimentation, Centrifugal Flotation, and Mini-FLOTAC Techniques among Patients with Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders from the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jan 16, 2017

The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of intestinal parasitic infection among ... more The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of intestinal parasitic infection among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo region, Egypt. In addition, a comparison was made of the accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation (FEC), centrifugal flotation (CF), and mini-FLOTAC techniques in the diagnosis of infection. Out of 100 patients, the overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 51%. Only 6% had dual infection. Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite (26%), followed by Hymenolepis nana (20%), Entamoeba coli (8%), and Enterobius vermicularis (3%). Except the statistically significant association between E. vermicularis infection and perianal itching and insomnia (P < 0.001), age, gender, and complaints of the examined individuals had no association with prevalence of parasitic infection. Both FEC and CF were equally the most accurate techniques (accuracy = 98.2%, confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.0, and κ index = 0.962), whereas the Kato-Katz method was the least accurate (accuracy = 67.5%, CI = 0.57-0.78, and κ index = 0.333). However, mini-FLOTAC-ZnSO 4 was the most accurate for diagnosis of helminthic infection, and FEC was more accurate for diagnosis of protozoal infection (accuracy = 100%, CI = 1.0-1.0, and κ index = 1).

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Ciprofloxacin loaded on silver nanoparticles on murine acute toxoplasmosis

Research paper thumbnail of Humoral immune response in acute and chronic schistosomiasis pre- and post-praziquantel therapy

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Humoral and cellular immune response in schistosomiasis was studied pre and post praziquantel the... more Humoral and cellular immune response in schistosomiasis was studied pre and post praziquantel therapy. After treatment the mean anti SEA IgM and IgG and anti SWAP IgM levels in all cases showed significant reduction. In patients with high eosinophilic count anti SEA IgE and IgA were statistically decreased. Other specific antibodies showed negligible changes Cellular immune response was not affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Animals as reservoir hosts for Leishmania in Qualyobia Governorate, Egypt

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1990

A total of 239 rodents were collected from El-Khanka, Shebin El-Kanater, El-Kanater, Shoubra El K... more A total of 239 rodents were collected from El-Khanka, Shebin El-Kanater, El-Kanater, Shoubra El Khima, Qualiob, Tokh, Benha and Kafr-Shokr and identified as Mus musculus (30), Rattus rattus (78), Rattus norvegicus (35), Arvicanthus niloticus (62) and Acomys cahirinus (34). Examination of these rodents showed the presence of cutaneous lesions in two R. rattus, three R. norvegicus and one A. cahirinus which showed no Leishmania parasites neither by smear nor by culture. On examination of the liver, spleen and bone marrow parasitologically, the spleen of two R. norvegicus grew promastigotes, one was lost and the other was typed. Serological examination of rodents revealed antileishmanial antibodies in one A. niloticus and in two R. norvegicus by IHAT and in one R. rattus by Dot-ELISA. A total of 33 stray dogs trapped from El-Khanka Shebin El-Kanater and Qualiob were free from natural Leishmania infection as indicated clinically, parasitologically and serologically.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of piperazine citrate on experimentally cryptosporidium parvum infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, Feb 23, 2022

Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom... more Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients. Piperazinederivative MMV665917 may potentially be used to treat human cryptosporidiosis, however further investigations are required. Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of piperazine citrate on Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice. Methods: Stool samples would be collected from patients attending Abu-Elrish hospital, showing Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst. One hundred and thirty mice, were selected from (Theodor Bilharz Research Institute). Half of them would take (dexamethasone) for 15 day before infection. Both Nitazoxanide (100mg\kg) and piperazine citrate at different doses (20, 30 & 40 mg\kg) were given to the mice. Assessment of drugs effect was done by parasitological and histopathological assessment. Results: the highest reduction in mean oocysts number of Cryptosporidium parvum was achieved by group treated with combination(nitazoxanide + piperazine 30) therapy for 1 week in immunocompromised group (95%) and immunocompetent group (89%) and remarkable regression of histopathological alterations was noticed in ileum of immunocompromised mice treated with combination, when compared with ileum of immunocompromised (positive control) group which showed remarkable histopathological changes exhibited as shortening of the intestinal villi, hyperplasia of goblet cells, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lamina propria , submucosa and edema in the submucosa, multiple Cryptosporidium oocyst .Conclusion: Administration of (piperazine 30+ nitazoxanide) for 7days in immunocompromised group gave the highest reduction rate of mean number of oocysts and remarkable, regression of histopathological alterations.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological Assessment of Different Concentrations of Piperazine Citrate Against Cryptosporidiosis Infection in Both Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Dec 1, 2021

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This... more Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This present explored the efficacy of different concentrations of piperazine citrate with or without nitazoxanide against cryptosporidiosis infection in immuno-compromised and immuno-competent male mice. One hundred and thirty clean bred male Swiss Albino mice weighed about 20 gm were used. Of them 65 were given immunosuppressive drug (Dexamethasone ®) for 15 day before infection. All mice put in separate labeled cages in the experimental laboratory under controlled condition and allowed suitable food. After confirming experimental infection, both types of mice were treated with Piperazine citrate as 100mg/kg in different doses (20, 30, & 40mg/kg). Besides, other groups of both types of mice were treated with Nitazoxanide ® (NTZ) syrup 100mg/5ml, or Piperazine 30mg/kg and (NTZ). Assessment of drugs was done by stool examination of modified Zeil-Nelseen stained smears for oocysts. The results showed that both Piperazine citrate and Nitazoxanide caused significant reduction in C. parvum oocysts as compared to control infected non-treated. Immuno-compromised mice treated by piperazine citrate (40mg/kg) for 7 days showed a higher significant reduction in number of oocysts as compared to immunocompromised mice treated by of Piperazine citrate (20&30) mg/ kg for the same period. Combination of Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in number of oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05). Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7 days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05).

Research paper thumbnail of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Efficacy on Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infected Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Toxoplasmosis is one of the commonest health problems especially in immunocompromised patients. T... more Toxoplasmosis is one of the commonest health problems especially in immunocompromised patients. The study evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin loaded on silver nanoparticles in treating mice experimentally infected toxoplasmosis treatment of. This study was conducted on mice infected with (ME 49 Toxoplasma gondii strain). Sixty mice were divided into: GI: 5 non infected non-treated mice (normal control). GII: 10 infected non-treated mice (infected control). GIII: 10 infected mice treated with Spiramycin 100mg/kg (drug controls). GIV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin 100mg/kg. GV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin loaded silver nano-particles (100mg/kg ciprofloxacin+2.5µg/kg silver nano). GVI: 10 infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). GVII: 5 non-infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks (experimental end) and brain and liver from each group were processed for histopathological studies of the cysts numbers, and sizes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of piperazine citrate on experimentally cryptosporidium parvum infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, 2022

Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom... more Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients. Piperazinederivative MMV665917 may potentially be used to treat human cryptosporidiosis, however further investigations are required. Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of piperazine citrate on Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice. Methods: Stool samples would be collected from patients attending Abu-Elrish hospital, showing Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst. One hundred and thirty mice, were selected from (Theodor Bilharz Research Institute). Half of them would take (dexamethasone) for 15 day before infection. Both Nitazoxanide (100mg\kg) and piperazine citrate at different doses (20, 30 & 40 mg\kg) were given to the mice. Assessment of drugs effect was done by parasitological and histopathological assessment. Results: the highest reduction in mean oocysts number of Cryptosporidium parvum was achieved by group treated with combination(nitazoxanide + piperazine 30) therapy for 1 week in immunocompromised group (95%) and immunocompetent group (89%) and remarkable regression of histopathological alterations was noticed in ileum of immunocompromised mice treated with combination, when compared with ileum of immunocompromised (positive control) group which showed remarkable histopathological changes exhibited as shortening of the intestinal villi, hyperplasia of goblet cells, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lamina propria , submucosa and edema in the submucosa, multiple Cryptosporidium oocyst .Conclusion: Administration of (piperazine 30+ nitazoxanide) for 7days in immunocompromised group gave the highest reduction rate of mean number of oocysts and remarkable, regression of histopathological alterations.

Research paper thumbnail of Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of hydatid cyst fluid antigens

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2003

ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assesse... more ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assessed for cystic hydatid disease (CHD), confirmed by HCF-Ag immunoblotting assay. The sensitivity of the tests was 94.4% and 83.3% for HCF-Ag-ELISA and IHA respectively. HCF-Ag-ELISA showed some cross-reaction in tumor cases (5.5%), but no cross-reaction was observed in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. IHA showed 100% specificity. To confirm this data SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using HCF-Ag was applied. Echinococcus specific reactions were reported with 44Kda, 34Kda, 29Kda and 8Kda HCF-Ag resolved bands. Cross-reaction was found with 27Kda, 21Kda, 16Kda and 13Kda bands in tumor patients. Moreover, cross-reaction was found with 200Kda, 175Kda, 62Kda, 52Kda and 40Kda in serological anti-Schistosoma antibodies positive cases. So, using specific HCF-Ag components, immunoblotting provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in CHD.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from marketswithin Benha. Sampleswerewashed in saline, and the resultingwashing solutionwas filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vege...

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological Assessment of Different Concentrations of Piperazine Citrate Against Cryptosporidiosis Infection in Both Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This... more Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This present explored the efficacy of different concentrations of piperazine citrate with or without nitazoxanide against cryptosporidiosis infection in immuno-compromised and immuno-competent male mice. One hundred and thirty clean bred male Swiss Albino mice weighed about 20 gm were used. Of them 65 were given immunosuppressive drug (Dexamethasone ®) for 15 day before infection. All mice put in separate labeled cages in the experimental laboratory under controlled condition and allowed suitable food. After confirming experimental infection, both types of mice were treated with Piperazine citrate as 100mg/kg in different doses (20, 30, & 40mg/kg). Besides, other groups of both types of mice were treated with Nitazoxanide ® (NTZ) syrup 100mg/5ml, or Piperazine 30mg/kg and (NTZ). Assessment of drugs was done by stool examination of modified Zeil-Nelseen stained smears for oocysts. The results showed that both Piperazine citrate and Nitazoxanide caused significant reduction in C. parvum oocysts as compared to control infected non-treated. Immuno-compromised mice treated by piperazine citrate (40mg/kg) for 7 days showed a higher significant reduction in number of oocysts as compared to immunocompromised mice treated by of Piperazine citrate (20&30) mg/ kg for the same period. Combination of Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in number of oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05). Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7 days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05).

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized... more This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Pioneer Usage of Gold Nanoparticles in Sandwich Elisa Based on Circulating Hydatid Antigen as a Tool for Improvement of Serodiagnostic Testing

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2020

Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis occurring due to dogs handling and exposure toEchinococ... more Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis occurring due to dogs handling and exposure toEchinococcus granulosus ova in their stools being an accidental intermediate host. Serologyremains the only sure and important tool to diagnose this disease. We aimed to improve thedetection of circulating antigen by sandwich ELISA through its binding to gold nanoparticleand proving the role of minute nanoparticles in serodiagnosis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)were employed for the capture of the antigens of protoscolices (pAg) in the patient’s serum bysandwich ELISA. Cross-reactivity for antigens from Hymenolepis nana, Entrobius vermicularis,and Fasciola gigantica was ruled out by using anti-protoscolices polyclonal IgG antibodies(ppAb). Antigen of sonicated protoscolices which were removed from camel lungcysts, was purified and injected to a New-zealand white rabbit giving ppAb which then loadedon AuNPs being used as a diagnostic indicator for circulating pAg by both sandwich ELISAand nanogold sa...

Research paper thumbnail of EFFECT OF DISINFECTANTS ON SOME PARASITES CONTAMINATING RAW VEGETABLES IN BENHA CITY , QALYUBIA GOVERNORATE , EGYPT By

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L on... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L on the infective stages of intestinal parasites contaminating raw vegetables in Benha city: Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia), Entamoeba spp. cysts, Enterobius vermicularis (E.vermicularis), Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) and Hymenolepis diminuta (H. diminuta) eggs; beside its effect on raw green vegetables. Parasites, isolated from raw vegetables, were exposed to both acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L for 20 and 30 minutes. Disinfection effects of the two disinfectants were evaluated by viability assay, using trypan blue stain, and morphological changes as indicated by light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results revealed statistically significant reductions in viability of all examined parasites when exposed to acetic acid 5% for 20&30 min., except E. vermicularis eggs as it showed insignificant reduction. Regarding the effect of potassium permanganate 24mg/L, there were s...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the Anti-schistosomal Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Versus Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice

Background: Curcumin is the major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., traditionally known as t... more Background: Curcumin is the major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., traditionally known as turmeric and has been shown to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-parasitic effect. However, it is found to be water-insoluble and has low bioavailability. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of turmeric solved in olive oil either alone or in combination with praziquantel (PZQ) in treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods: The whole turmeric powder suspended in olive oil (as a solvent) is indicated to S. mansoni-infected mice aiming to study its potential therapeutic role, either alone or in combination with PZQ. Results: Turmeric significantly reduced S. mansoni worm burden and complete absence of adult worms achieved in mice treated with combination of turmeric and PZQ. Turmeric has slight non-significant effect on the oogram pattern in all examined S. mansoni infected mice. Turmeric and PZQ found to exert a significant reduction of...

Research paper thumbnail of The value of cleared thick smear in examining faeces for some helminth eggs

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of hydatid cyst fluid antigens

PubMed, Apr 1, 2003

ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assesse... more ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assessed for cystic hydatid disease (CHD), confirmed by HCF-Ag immunoblotting assay. The sensitivity of the tests was 94.4% and 83.3% for HCF-Ag-ELISA and IHA respectively. HCF-Ag-ELISA showed some cross-reaction in tumor cases (5.5%), but no cross-reaction was observed in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. IHA showed 100% specificity. To confirm this data SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using HCF-Ag was applied. Echinococcus specific reactions were reported with 44Kda, 34Kda, 29Kda and 8Kda HCF-Ag resolved bands. Cross-reaction was found with 27Kda, 21Kda, 16Kda and 13Kda bands in tumor patients. Moreover, cross-reaction was found with 200Kda, 175Kda, 62Kda, 52Kda and 40Kda in serological anti-Schistosoma antibodies positive cases. So, using specific HCF-Ag components, immunoblotting provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in CHD.

Research paper thumbnail of The applicability of ELISA in blood spots on filter papers for the clinical stage of human schistosomiasis mansoni

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison between the effect of praziquantel and essential oil of Lamiaceace family on hymenolepis nana egg viability in experimentally infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, 2018

Background Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is the most common tapeworm infection worldwide. It is more... more Background Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) is the most common tapeworm infection worldwide. It is more prevalent in warm climates where sanitation is poor, particularly among children. Objectives In this work, we investigated the effect of praziquantel (PZQ), given at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (single dose), and essential oil of Lamiaceace family given at a dose of 400 μl/kg body weight (for 5 days and a second course given after 1 week) on the egg viability of experimental H. nana-infected mice (80 laboratorybred male Swiss albino mice). Methods Two groups of mice were used in the study: one group received PZQ and the other received essential oil of Lamiaceace family. The mice that received treatments were killed after the development of the adult stage, confirmed by egg detection in stool. Results PZQ resulted in significant reduction in the number of viable eggs from the first day of treatment, whereas essential oil of Lamiaceace family resulted in significant reduction in the number of viable eggs from the third day of treatment and was remarkable after the second course of treatment. Conclusions It was concluded that essential oils of Lamiaceace family have significant anticestodal properties that enable them to be a very effective alternative to PZQ against H. nana.

Research paper thumbnail of Curcumin in Treatment of Experimental Trichinosis

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Aug 1, 2023

Trichinella spiralis is one of the most widespread zoonotic parasitic nematodes in the world. The... more Trichinella spiralis is one of the most widespread zoonotic parasitic nematodes in the world. There is an increasing interest in developing new safe and effective anthelminthic herbal drug against T. spiralis. This study assessed the effect of curcumin (bioactive compound of C. longa) in treatment of T. spiralis infected mice compared with albendazole. Seventy-five albino mice were classified into four groups. GI: Non-infected control, GII: Infected nontreated control, GIII: Treated early 3 rd dpi by albendazole alone, curcumin alone, and combination of albendazole & curcumin, and GIV: Treated on 31 st dpi by the same drugs. Mice were sacrificed on the 7 th dpi for intestinal phase assessment and on the 49 th dpi for muscle assessment. Treatment efficiency was assessed by parasitological and histopathological examinations. The results showed a significant decrease in intestinal adults ' count in all treated groups compared to non-treated cont rolones. Reduction rates of the intestinal phase were 92.87% in albendazole & curcumin treated group followed by 87.58% in albendazole treated group and 62.93% in curcumin treated group. There was also significant decrease in muscle larvae count compared to positive control ones by reduction rates of 84.03%, 70.38% & 44.96% for albendazole &curcumin, albendazole alone and curcumin alone respectively. The histopathological results showed improvement in intestinal and muscular architecture in all treated groups compared to positive control one, particularly in combined albendazole & curcumin treated group.

Research paper thumbnail of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Accuracy of Direct Thin and Thick Smear, Formol-Ether Sedimentation, Centrifugal Flotation, and Mini-FLOTAC Techniques among Patients with Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders from the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jan 16, 2017

The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of intestinal parasitic infection among ... more The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of intestinal parasitic infection among patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders from the Greater Cairo region, Egypt. In addition, a comparison was made of the accuracy of direct thin and thick smear, formol-ether sedimentation (FEC), centrifugal flotation (CF), and mini-FLOTAC techniques in the diagnosis of infection. Out of 100 patients, the overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 51%. Only 6% had dual infection. Giardia lamblia was the most common parasite (26%), followed by Hymenolepis nana (20%), Entamoeba coli (8%), and Enterobius vermicularis (3%). Except the statistically significant association between E. vermicularis infection and perianal itching and insomnia (P < 0.001), age, gender, and complaints of the examined individuals had no association with prevalence of parasitic infection. Both FEC and CF were equally the most accurate techniques (accuracy = 98.2%, confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.0, and κ index = 0.962), whereas the Kato-Katz method was the least accurate (accuracy = 67.5%, CI = 0.57-0.78, and κ index = 0.333). However, mini-FLOTAC-ZnSO 4 was the most accurate for diagnosis of helminthic infection, and FEC was more accurate for diagnosis of protozoal infection (accuracy = 100%, CI = 1.0-1.0, and κ index = 1).

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Ciprofloxacin loaded on silver nanoparticles on murine acute toxoplasmosis

Research paper thumbnail of Humoral immune response in acute and chronic schistosomiasis pre- and post-praziquantel therapy

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Humoral and cellular immune response in schistosomiasis was studied pre and post praziquantel the... more Humoral and cellular immune response in schistosomiasis was studied pre and post praziquantel therapy. After treatment the mean anti SEA IgM and IgG and anti SWAP IgM levels in all cases showed significant reduction. In patients with high eosinophilic count anti SEA IgE and IgA were statistically decreased. Other specific antibodies showed negligible changes Cellular immune response was not affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Animals as reservoir hosts for Leishmania in Qualyobia Governorate, Egypt

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 1990

A total of 239 rodents were collected from El-Khanka, Shebin El-Kanater, El-Kanater, Shoubra El K... more A total of 239 rodents were collected from El-Khanka, Shebin El-Kanater, El-Kanater, Shoubra El Khima, Qualiob, Tokh, Benha and Kafr-Shokr and identified as Mus musculus (30), Rattus rattus (78), Rattus norvegicus (35), Arvicanthus niloticus (62) and Acomys cahirinus (34). Examination of these rodents showed the presence of cutaneous lesions in two R. rattus, three R. norvegicus and one A. cahirinus which showed no Leishmania parasites neither by smear nor by culture. On examination of the liver, spleen and bone marrow parasitologically, the spleen of two R. norvegicus grew promastigotes, one was lost and the other was typed. Serological examination of rodents revealed antileishmanial antibodies in one A. niloticus and in two R. norvegicus by IHAT and in one R. rattus by Dot-ELISA. A total of 33 stray dogs trapped from El-Khanka Shebin El-Kanater and Qualiob were free from natural Leishmania infection as indicated clinically, parasitologically and serologically.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of piperazine citrate on experimentally cryptosporidium parvum infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, Feb 23, 2022

Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom... more Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients. Piperazinederivative MMV665917 may potentially be used to treat human cryptosporidiosis, however further investigations are required. Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of piperazine citrate on Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice. Methods: Stool samples would be collected from patients attending Abu-Elrish hospital, showing Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst. One hundred and thirty mice, were selected from (Theodor Bilharz Research Institute). Half of them would take (dexamethasone) for 15 day before infection. Both Nitazoxanide (100mg\kg) and piperazine citrate at different doses (20, 30 & 40 mg\kg) were given to the mice. Assessment of drugs effect was done by parasitological and histopathological assessment. Results: the highest reduction in mean oocysts number of Cryptosporidium parvum was achieved by group treated with combination(nitazoxanide + piperazine 30) therapy for 1 week in immunocompromised group (95%) and immunocompetent group (89%) and remarkable regression of histopathological alterations was noticed in ileum of immunocompromised mice treated with combination, when compared with ileum of immunocompromised (positive control) group which showed remarkable histopathological changes exhibited as shortening of the intestinal villi, hyperplasia of goblet cells, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lamina propria , submucosa and edema in the submucosa, multiple Cryptosporidium oocyst .Conclusion: Administration of (piperazine 30+ nitazoxanide) for 7days in immunocompromised group gave the highest reduction rate of mean number of oocysts and remarkable, regression of histopathological alterations.

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological Assessment of Different Concentrations of Piperazine Citrate Against Cryptosporidiosis Infection in Both Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, Dec 1, 2021

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This... more Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This present explored the efficacy of different concentrations of piperazine citrate with or without nitazoxanide against cryptosporidiosis infection in immuno-compromised and immuno-competent male mice. One hundred and thirty clean bred male Swiss Albino mice weighed about 20 gm were used. Of them 65 were given immunosuppressive drug (Dexamethasone ®) for 15 day before infection. All mice put in separate labeled cages in the experimental laboratory under controlled condition and allowed suitable food. After confirming experimental infection, both types of mice were treated with Piperazine citrate as 100mg/kg in different doses (20, 30, & 40mg/kg). Besides, other groups of both types of mice were treated with Nitazoxanide ® (NTZ) syrup 100mg/5ml, or Piperazine 30mg/kg and (NTZ). Assessment of drugs was done by stool examination of modified Zeil-Nelseen stained smears for oocysts. The results showed that both Piperazine citrate and Nitazoxanide caused significant reduction in C. parvum oocysts as compared to control infected non-treated. Immuno-compromised mice treated by piperazine citrate (40mg/kg) for 7 days showed a higher significant reduction in number of oocysts as compared to immunocompromised mice treated by of Piperazine citrate (20&30) mg/ kg for the same period. Combination of Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in number of oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05). Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7 days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05).

Research paper thumbnail of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Efficacy on Chronic Toxoplasmosis Infected Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Toxoplasmosis is one of the commonest health problems especially in immunocompromised patients. T... more Toxoplasmosis is one of the commonest health problems especially in immunocompromised patients. The study evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin loaded on silver nanoparticles in treating mice experimentally infected toxoplasmosis treatment of. This study was conducted on mice infected with (ME 49 Toxoplasma gondii strain). Sixty mice were divided into: GI: 5 non infected non-treated mice (normal control). GII: 10 infected non-treated mice (infected control). GIII: 10 infected mice treated with Spiramycin 100mg/kg (drug controls). GIV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin 100mg/kg. GV: 10 infected mice treated with ciprofloxacin loaded silver nano-particles (100mg/kg ciprofloxacin+2.5µg/kg silver nano). GVI: 10 infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). GVII: 5 non-infected mice treated with silver nanoparticles (2.5µg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks (experimental end) and brain and liver from each group were processed for histopathological studies of the cysts numbers, and sizes.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of piperazine citrate on experimentally cryptosporidium parvum infected mice

Benha Medical Journal, 2022

Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom... more Background: Nitazoxanide has not been found to be effective in (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients. Piperazinederivative MMV665917 may potentially be used to treat human cryptosporidiosis, however further investigations are required. Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of piperazine citrate on Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice. Methods: Stool samples would be collected from patients attending Abu-Elrish hospital, showing Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst. One hundred and thirty mice, were selected from (Theodor Bilharz Research Institute). Half of them would take (dexamethasone) for 15 day before infection. Both Nitazoxanide (100mg\kg) and piperazine citrate at different doses (20, 30 & 40 mg\kg) were given to the mice. Assessment of drugs effect was done by parasitological and histopathological assessment. Results: the highest reduction in mean oocysts number of Cryptosporidium parvum was achieved by group treated with combination(nitazoxanide + piperazine 30) therapy for 1 week in immunocompromised group (95%) and immunocompetent group (89%) and remarkable regression of histopathological alterations was noticed in ileum of immunocompromised mice treated with combination, when compared with ileum of immunocompromised (positive control) group which showed remarkable histopathological changes exhibited as shortening of the intestinal villi, hyperplasia of goblet cells, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lamina propria , submucosa and edema in the submucosa, multiple Cryptosporidium oocyst .Conclusion: Administration of (piperazine 30+ nitazoxanide) for 7days in immunocompromised group gave the highest reduction rate of mean number of oocysts and remarkable, regression of histopathological alterations.

Research paper thumbnail of Demonstration of species-specific and cross-reactive components of hydatid cyst fluid antigens

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2003

ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assesse... more ELISA-hydatid cyst fluid antigen (HCF-Ag-ELISA) and conventional echinococcosis IHAT were assessed for cystic hydatid disease (CHD), confirmed by HCF-Ag immunoblotting assay. The sensitivity of the tests was 94.4% and 83.3% for HCF-Ag-ELISA and IHA respectively. HCF-Ag-ELISA showed some cross-reaction in tumor cases (5.5%), but no cross-reaction was observed in Rheumatoid arthritis patients. IHA showed 100% specificity. To confirm this data SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using HCF-Ag was applied. Echinococcus specific reactions were reported with 44Kda, 34Kda, 29Kda and 8Kda HCF-Ag resolved bands. Cross-reaction was found with 27Kda, 21Kda, 16Kda and 13Kda bands in tumor patients. Moreover, cross-reaction was found with 200Kda, 175Kda, 62Kda, 52Kda and 40Kda in serological anti-Schistosoma antibodies positive cases. So, using specific HCF-Ag components, immunoblotting provided 100% sensitivity and specificity in CHD.

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided t... more License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from marketswithin Benha. Sampleswerewashed in saline, and the resultingwashing solutionwas filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vege...

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitological Assessment of Different Concentrations of Piperazine Citrate Against Cryptosporidiosis Infection in Both Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Mice

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This... more Cryptosporidiosis is one of the risky zoonotic protozoan diseases of worldwide distribution. This present explored the efficacy of different concentrations of piperazine citrate with or without nitazoxanide against cryptosporidiosis infection in immuno-compromised and immuno-competent male mice. One hundred and thirty clean bred male Swiss Albino mice weighed about 20 gm were used. Of them 65 were given immunosuppressive drug (Dexamethasone ®) for 15 day before infection. All mice put in separate labeled cages in the experimental laboratory under controlled condition and allowed suitable food. After confirming experimental infection, both types of mice were treated with Piperazine citrate as 100mg/kg in different doses (20, 30, & 40mg/kg). Besides, other groups of both types of mice were treated with Nitazoxanide ® (NTZ) syrup 100mg/5ml, or Piperazine 30mg/kg and (NTZ). Assessment of drugs was done by stool examination of modified Zeil-Nelseen stained smears for oocysts. The results showed that both Piperazine citrate and Nitazoxanide caused significant reduction in C. parvum oocysts as compared to control infected non-treated. Immuno-compromised mice treated by piperazine citrate (40mg/kg) for 7 days showed a higher significant reduction in number of oocysts as compared to immunocompromised mice treated by of Piperazine citrate (20&30) mg/ kg for the same period. Combination of Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in number of oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05). Piperazine 30 & NTZ for 7 days in immuno-compromised mice gave much more reduction in oocysts than NTZ alone (P<0.05).

Research paper thumbnail of Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized... more This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Pioneer Usage of Gold Nanoparticles in Sandwich Elisa Based on Circulating Hydatid Antigen as a Tool for Improvement of Serodiagnostic Testing

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2020

Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis occurring due to dogs handling and exposure toEchinococ... more Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis occurring due to dogs handling and exposure toEchinococcus granulosus ova in their stools being an accidental intermediate host. Serologyremains the only sure and important tool to diagnose this disease. We aimed to improve thedetection of circulating antigen by sandwich ELISA through its binding to gold nanoparticleand proving the role of minute nanoparticles in serodiagnosis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)were employed for the capture of the antigens of protoscolices (pAg) in the patient’s serum bysandwich ELISA. Cross-reactivity for antigens from Hymenolepis nana, Entrobius vermicularis,and Fasciola gigantica was ruled out by using anti-protoscolices polyclonal IgG antibodies(ppAb). Antigen of sonicated protoscolices which were removed from camel lungcysts, was purified and injected to a New-zealand white rabbit giving ppAb which then loadedon AuNPs being used as a diagnostic indicator for circulating pAg by both sandwich ELISAand nanogold sa...

Research paper thumbnail of EFFECT OF DISINFECTANTS ON SOME PARASITES CONTAMINATING RAW VEGETABLES IN BENHA CITY , QALYUBIA GOVERNORATE , EGYPT By

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L on... more This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L on the infective stages of intestinal parasites contaminating raw vegetables in Benha city: Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia), Entamoeba spp. cysts, Enterobius vermicularis (E.vermicularis), Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) and Hymenolepis diminuta (H. diminuta) eggs; beside its effect on raw green vegetables. Parasites, isolated from raw vegetables, were exposed to both acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L for 20 and 30 minutes. Disinfection effects of the two disinfectants were evaluated by viability assay, using trypan blue stain, and morphological changes as indicated by light and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results revealed statistically significant reductions in viability of all examined parasites when exposed to acetic acid 5% for 20&30 min., except E. vermicularis eggs as it showed insignificant reduction. Regarding the effect of potassium permanganate 24mg/L, there were s...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the Anti-schistosomal Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Versus Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice

Background: Curcumin is the major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., traditionally known as t... more Background: Curcumin is the major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., traditionally known as turmeric and has been shown to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-parasitic effect. However, it is found to be water-insoluble and has low bioavailability. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of turmeric solved in olive oil either alone or in combination with praziquantel (PZQ) in treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods: The whole turmeric powder suspended in olive oil (as a solvent) is indicated to S. mansoni-infected mice aiming to study its potential therapeutic role, either alone or in combination with PZQ. Results: Turmeric significantly reduced S. mansoni worm burden and complete absence of adult worms achieved in mice treated with combination of turmeric and PZQ. Turmeric has slight non-significant effect on the oogram pattern in all examined S. mansoni infected mice. Turmeric and PZQ found to exert a significant reduction of...