Ibrahim G Shaaban | Benha University (original) (raw)
Papers by Ibrahim G Shaaban
Materials
Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has emerged as a potentially sustainable alternative to ordinary Port... more Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has emerged as a potentially sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in various applications since OPC production contributed about 12% of global CO2 emissions in 2020. AAS offers great ecological advantages over OPC at some levels such as the utilization of industrial by-products and overcoming the issue of disposal, low energy consumption, and low greenhouse gas emission. Apart from these environmental benefits, the novel binder has shown enhanced resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks. However, many studies have mentioned the risk of its considerably higher drying shrinkage and early-age cracking compared to OPC concrete. Despite the abundant research on the self-healing mechanism of OPC, limited work has been devoted to studying the self-healing behavior of AAS. Self-healing AAS is a revolutionary product that provides the solution for these drawbacks. This study is a critical review of the self-healing ability of AAS a...
Materials Science Forum
Concrete is most widely used as an essential building material in the construction industry all o... more Concrete is most widely used as an essential building material in the construction industry all over the globe. Concrete deteriorates over time, and cracks eventually form on its surface for many reasons, such as environmental surroundings and extra. This deterioration and cracks might lead to the ingress of water and chemicals that susceptible steel bars or reinforcements to corrosion. Since this deterioration is inevitable, maintenance and repair are also necessary. This process requires skilled labor and is cost-effective. Thus, researchers suggested alternative techniques to enhance concrete's mechanical properties and search for treatments to be applied to concrete's surface for healing and sealing the cracks by producing calcium carbonate precipitation. Therefore, self-healing concrete was introduced; this method is significant as it's proven environmentally friendly. This research aims to investigate the use of liquid bacteria incorporated in concrete mix and asse...
Case Studies in Construction Materials
International Journal of Civil Engineering
This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building fra... more This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building frames using a nonlinear dynamic analysis computer program (IDARC-M). The program was originally developed for the analysis of normal R.C. frames and it was modified to predict the response of HSC frame structures. Unlike most of conventional investigations into HSC beam-column connections, this work considers such connections as integral part of the studied ten-story HSC frame. The inelastic behavior of an interior beamcolumn connection in the first floor was studied. It was found that the use of HSC improves column capacity, enlarges rigidity of beam-column joints, reduces the effect of lateral reinforcement distribution in beams and columns, and decreases the fundamental natural period of the frame. The type of column support at foundation level has a great effect on the drift of the studied building frame.
… materials in concrete construction: proceedings of …, 2002
EXPANDED WIRE FABRIC PERMANENT FORMWORK FOR IMPROVING FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE B... more EXPANDED WIRE FABRIC PERMANENT FORMWORK FOR IMPROVING FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IG Shaaban Zagazig University Egypt ABSTRACT. A new technique for using expanded wire fabric (EWF) as additional reinforcement and ...
Water
Flow measurements in pipelines using slug tracer have proved highly accurate for turbulent flow. ... more Flow measurements in pipelines using slug tracer have proved highly accurate for turbulent flow. This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of using a passive rotor on the accuracy of discharge measurements in sewer pipes based on a saline slug tracer technique. For this purpose, a saline injector stack was developed to help inject saline at selected injection points. A passive axial flow rotor was also proposed and encased in the injector stack to enhance the mixing of injected tracer with the transmitted downstream flow and to decrease the required minimum mixing length. It was found that adding the passive rotor significantly increased the accuracy of the flow measurements. Two tracer flow formulas were developed: one based on the dimensional analysis approach and the other based on a semi-empirical formula obtained from the mass conservation approach. The resultant formulas compared favourably with flow metering, especially when utilizing the passive fan unit.
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many researc... more Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many research studies were focused on LWC produced using lightweight aggregates. However, limited work was cited for LWC produced using polystyrene beads. In this study, LWC beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) were experimentally tested to investigate the improvement in their flexural and shear behaviours. LWC in this investigation was achieved by partial replacement of normal aggregate by polystyrene beads and resulted in approximately 30% less weight compared to Normal weight concrete. Fourteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) LWC beams of 100 mm by 300 mm cross section having an overall length of 3250 mm were tested under four-point bending. These beams were designed, detailed, and tested to obtain flexural and shear mode of failure. These beams were divided into two groups based on the intended failure mode. In each group, six beams we...
Eight reinforced High Strength Concrete "HSC" columns of dimensions 150 × 150 × 1200 mm... more Eight reinforced High Strength Concrete "HSC" columns of dimensions 150 × 150 × 1200 mm were cast, tested and studied for both strength and deformational behavior. The investigated parameters included ratio of load eccentricity in both x and y directions, the reinforcement ratio and configuration, and vertical steel percentage. Within the limits of the test results of this study, it was found that increasing load eccentricity resulted in reducing the ultimate capacity of the studied HSC columns by approximately 15%. In addition, increasing the lateral confinement lead to an increase of ultimate capacity by approximately 22%. Moreover, the configuration was more effective than ties reinforcement ratio on the ductility of studied HSC columns. Increasing vertical steel percentage lead to an improvement of ductility of HSC columns. A proposed design formula was developed for predicting the capacity of eccentric and biaxially loaded HSC columns
A strut and tie model (STM) is proposed for the shear carrying capacity of continuous RC deep bea... more A strut and tie model (STM) is proposed for the shear carrying capacity of continuous RC deep beams. First, the mathematical formulation is given to fully describe the geometry, derivation of internal forces, evaluation of compressive and tensile stresses, and consideration of concrete tension softening . Second, validation studies for the modified STM are made for number of tested beams from the literature. Finally, a comparative study is presented between the results of proposed STM with the models of ECP code and the ACI code
"SP-145: Durability of Concrete -- Proceedings Third CANMET - ACI International Conference, Nice, France 1994"
This paper discusses the current approach for specifying the durability of concrete in structures... more This paper discusses the current approach for specifying the durability of concrete in structures. The shortcomings of the use of bulk parameters such as strength, water/binder ratio and binder content to specify durability are discussed. Studies carried out over the last 10 years at Dundee University, using simple permeation tests, which are sensitive to curing, cement type and grade of concrete, have shown close association between permeation properties and the durability of concrete. This paper deals with the measurement of concrete durability by the Dundeemodified Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). A wide range of concrete mixes made with ordinary portland cement and blends with pulverized-fuel ash (PFA) and ground-granulated blastfurnace slag were designed. The duration of moist curing was varied from 0 to 28 days, and the maximum aggregate size from 5 to 40mm. All mixes were tested for absorptivity and aspects of durability including freeze/thaw resistance, carbonation, chloride ingress and mechanical wear. The results show that the absorptivity of concrete, measured with the ISAT, could be used as an accurate specification for concrete durability, irrespective of curing, grade or mix constituents. A tentative surface absorptivity classification for durability has been proposed.
Construction and Building Materials, 2022
This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building fra... more This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building frames using a nonlinear dynamic analysis computer program (IDARC-M). The program was originally developed for the analysis of normal R.C. frames and it was modified to predict the response of HSC frame structures. Unlike most of conventional investigations into HSC beam-column connections, this work considers such connections as integral part of the studied ten-story HSC frame. The inelastic behavior of an interior beam-column connection in the first floor was studied. It was found that the use of HSC improves column capacity, enlarges rigidity of beam-column joints, reduces the effect of lateral reinforcement distribution in beams and columns, and decreases the fundamental natural period of the frame. The type of column support at foundation level has a great effect on the drift of the studied building frame.
This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After conc... more This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In this manuscript the views of stakeholders, including students & fresh graduates, engineers with several years of experience, others with long experiences, academics, parents and administrative staff, were elicited. The responses were collected by asking two questions via social media. The aim was to obtain a quick idea on how stakeholders perceive engineering education in Egypt, and the enhancements they would like to see. Four clear requests became evident from the responses: the application of modern innovative teaching methods; soft skills training; modern software applications training; and practical technical or industrial training. These requests provided direction for part three of this series of papers in which suitable experiences from international engineering education providers would be recommended for application in Egypt.
Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2020
This is part of a series of three papers in a research project examining engineering education in... more This is part of a series of three papers in a research project examining engineering education in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In this manuscript the views of stakeholders, using narrative approach and analysis was carried out. The methodology followed a narrative approach, conducting stakeholder’s analysis with relevant and related people to engineering education (Coulter and Smith 2009; Sfard and Prusak, 2005). The sample included students & fresh graduates, engineers with several years of experience, others with long experiences, academics, parents and administrative staff, were elicited. The responses were collected by asking two questions via social media. The aim was to obtain a quick idea on how stakeholders perceive engineering education in Egypt, and the enhancements they would like to see. Importance of the study comes from both linking with three papers in series exp...
The present study investigates the behavior of steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and ste... more The present study investigates the behavior of steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and steel fiber (SF) reinforced co ncrete. A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) using ANSYS program has been developed and the results obtained from the FEM are compared with the recent experimental works. The comparison indicated that the results of the model are evaluated to an acceptable limit of accuracy. The main parameters considered in the analysis were the s lenderness, s teel box wall thickness, cross section, percentage of (SF) and load eccentricity. The results indicated that the addition of SF in core concrete h as c onsiderable e ffect o n t he behavior of co ncrete-filled s teel t ube c olumns. A modified design equations have been implemented to (Euro code 4 2004 ) and (AISC/LRFD 2009) to consider the effect of SF reinforced concrete in the design of composite columns. A comparison study between the F EM r esults a nd t hose o f t he modified de sign e quations i s pe rformed a...
Materials
Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has emerged as a potentially sustainable alternative to ordinary Port... more Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has emerged as a potentially sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in various applications since OPC production contributed about 12% of global CO2 emissions in 2020. AAS offers great ecological advantages over OPC at some levels such as the utilization of industrial by-products and overcoming the issue of disposal, low energy consumption, and low greenhouse gas emission. Apart from these environmental benefits, the novel binder has shown enhanced resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks. However, many studies have mentioned the risk of its considerably higher drying shrinkage and early-age cracking compared to OPC concrete. Despite the abundant research on the self-healing mechanism of OPC, limited work has been devoted to studying the self-healing behavior of AAS. Self-healing AAS is a revolutionary product that provides the solution for these drawbacks. This study is a critical review of the self-healing ability of AAS a...
Materials Science Forum
Concrete is most widely used as an essential building material in the construction industry all o... more Concrete is most widely used as an essential building material in the construction industry all over the globe. Concrete deteriorates over time, and cracks eventually form on its surface for many reasons, such as environmental surroundings and extra. This deterioration and cracks might lead to the ingress of water and chemicals that susceptible steel bars or reinforcements to corrosion. Since this deterioration is inevitable, maintenance and repair are also necessary. This process requires skilled labor and is cost-effective. Thus, researchers suggested alternative techniques to enhance concrete's mechanical properties and search for treatments to be applied to concrete's surface for healing and sealing the cracks by producing calcium carbonate precipitation. Therefore, self-healing concrete was introduced; this method is significant as it's proven environmentally friendly. This research aims to investigate the use of liquid bacteria incorporated in concrete mix and asse...
Case Studies in Construction Materials
International Journal of Civil Engineering
This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building fra... more This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building frames using a nonlinear dynamic analysis computer program (IDARC-M). The program was originally developed for the analysis of normal R.C. frames and it was modified to predict the response of HSC frame structures. Unlike most of conventional investigations into HSC beam-column connections, this work considers such connections as integral part of the studied ten-story HSC frame. The inelastic behavior of an interior beamcolumn connection in the first floor was studied. It was found that the use of HSC improves column capacity, enlarges rigidity of beam-column joints, reduces the effect of lateral reinforcement distribution in beams and columns, and decreases the fundamental natural period of the frame. The type of column support at foundation level has a great effect on the drift of the studied building frame.
… materials in concrete construction: proceedings of …, 2002
EXPANDED WIRE FABRIC PERMANENT FORMWORK FOR IMPROVING FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE B... more EXPANDED WIRE FABRIC PERMANENT FORMWORK FOR IMPROVING FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IG Shaaban Zagazig University Egypt ABSTRACT. A new technique for using expanded wire fabric (EWF) as additional reinforcement and ...
Water
Flow measurements in pipelines using slug tracer have proved highly accurate for turbulent flow. ... more Flow measurements in pipelines using slug tracer have proved highly accurate for turbulent flow. This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of using a passive rotor on the accuracy of discharge measurements in sewer pipes based on a saline slug tracer technique. For this purpose, a saline injector stack was developed to help inject saline at selected injection points. A passive axial flow rotor was also proposed and encased in the injector stack to enhance the mixing of injected tracer with the transmitted downstream flow and to decrease the required minimum mixing length. It was found that adding the passive rotor significantly increased the accuracy of the flow measurements. Two tracer flow formulas were developed: one based on the dimensional analysis approach and the other based on a semi-empirical formula obtained from the mass conservation approach. The resultant formulas compared favourably with flow metering, especially when utilizing the passive fan unit.
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many researc... more Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many research studies were focused on LWC produced using lightweight aggregates. However, limited work was cited for LWC produced using polystyrene beads. In this study, LWC beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) were experimentally tested to investigate the improvement in their flexural and shear behaviours. LWC in this investigation was achieved by partial replacement of normal aggregate by polystyrene beads and resulted in approximately 30% less weight compared to Normal weight concrete. Fourteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) LWC beams of 100 mm by 300 mm cross section having an overall length of 3250 mm were tested under four-point bending. These beams were designed, detailed, and tested to obtain flexural and shear mode of failure. These beams were divided into two groups based on the intended failure mode. In each group, six beams we...
Eight reinforced High Strength Concrete "HSC" columns of dimensions 150 × 150 × 1200 mm... more Eight reinforced High Strength Concrete "HSC" columns of dimensions 150 × 150 × 1200 mm were cast, tested and studied for both strength and deformational behavior. The investigated parameters included ratio of load eccentricity in both x and y directions, the reinforcement ratio and configuration, and vertical steel percentage. Within the limits of the test results of this study, it was found that increasing load eccentricity resulted in reducing the ultimate capacity of the studied HSC columns by approximately 15%. In addition, increasing the lateral confinement lead to an increase of ultimate capacity by approximately 22%. Moreover, the configuration was more effective than ties reinforcement ratio on the ductility of studied HSC columns. Increasing vertical steel percentage lead to an improvement of ductility of HSC columns. A proposed design formula was developed for predicting the capacity of eccentric and biaxially loaded HSC columns
A strut and tie model (STM) is proposed for the shear carrying capacity of continuous RC deep bea... more A strut and tie model (STM) is proposed for the shear carrying capacity of continuous RC deep beams. First, the mathematical formulation is given to fully describe the geometry, derivation of internal forces, evaluation of compressive and tensile stresses, and consideration of concrete tension softening . Second, validation studies for the modified STM are made for number of tested beams from the literature. Finally, a comparative study is presented between the results of proposed STM with the models of ECP code and the ACI code
"SP-145: Durability of Concrete -- Proceedings Third CANMET - ACI International Conference, Nice, France 1994"
This paper discusses the current approach for specifying the durability of concrete in structures... more This paper discusses the current approach for specifying the durability of concrete in structures. The shortcomings of the use of bulk parameters such as strength, water/binder ratio and binder content to specify durability are discussed. Studies carried out over the last 10 years at Dundee University, using simple permeation tests, which are sensitive to curing, cement type and grade of concrete, have shown close association between permeation properties and the durability of concrete. This paper deals with the measurement of concrete durability by the Dundeemodified Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT). A wide range of concrete mixes made with ordinary portland cement and blends with pulverized-fuel ash (PFA) and ground-granulated blastfurnace slag were designed. The duration of moist curing was varied from 0 to 28 days, and the maximum aggregate size from 5 to 40mm. All mixes were tested for absorptivity and aspects of durability including freeze/thaw resistance, carbonation, chloride ingress and mechanical wear. The results show that the absorptivity of concrete, measured with the ISAT, could be used as an accurate specification for concrete durability, irrespective of curing, grade or mix constituents. A tentative surface absorptivity classification for durability has been proposed.
Construction and Building Materials, 2022
This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building fra... more This paper presents, an analytical study carried out on High Strength Concrete (HSC) building frames using a nonlinear dynamic analysis computer program (IDARC-M). The program was originally developed for the analysis of normal R.C. frames and it was modified to predict the response of HSC frame structures. Unlike most of conventional investigations into HSC beam-column connections, this work considers such connections as integral part of the studied ten-story HSC frame. The inelastic behavior of an interior beam-column connection in the first floor was studied. It was found that the use of HSC improves column capacity, enlarges rigidity of beam-column joints, reduces the effect of lateral reinforcement distribution in beams and columns, and decreases the fundamental natural period of the frame. The type of column support at foundation level has a great effect on the drift of the studied building frame.
This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After conc... more This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In this manuscript the views of stakeholders, including students & fresh graduates, engineers with several years of experience, others with long experiences, academics, parents and administrative staff, were elicited. The responses were collected by asking two questions via social media. The aim was to obtain a quick idea on how stakeholders perceive engineering education in Egypt, and the enhancements they would like to see. Four clear requests became evident from the responses: the application of modern innovative teaching methods; soft skills training; modern software applications training; and practical technical or industrial training. These requests provided direction for part three of this series of papers in which suitable experiences from international engineering education providers would be recommended for application in Egypt.
Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2020
This is part of a series of three papers in a research project examining engineering education in... more This is part of a series of three papers in a research project examining engineering education in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In this manuscript the views of stakeholders, using narrative approach and analysis was carried out. The methodology followed a narrative approach, conducting stakeholder’s analysis with relevant and related people to engineering education (Coulter and Smith 2009; Sfard and Prusak, 2005). The sample included students & fresh graduates, engineers with several years of experience, others with long experiences, academics, parents and administrative staff, were elicited. The responses were collected by asking two questions via social media. The aim was to obtain a quick idea on how stakeholders perceive engineering education in Egypt, and the enhancements they would like to see. Importance of the study comes from both linking with three papers in series exp...
The present study investigates the behavior of steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and ste... more The present study investigates the behavior of steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and steel fiber (SF) reinforced co ncrete. A nonlinear finite element model (FEM) using ANSYS program has been developed and the results obtained from the FEM are compared with the recent experimental works. The comparison indicated that the results of the model are evaluated to an acceptable limit of accuracy. The main parameters considered in the analysis were the s lenderness, s teel box wall thickness, cross section, percentage of (SF) and load eccentricity. The results indicated that the addition of SF in core concrete h as c onsiderable e ffect o n t he behavior of co ncrete-filled s teel t ube c olumns. A modified design equations have been implemented to (Euro code 4 2004 ) and (AISC/LRFD 2009) to consider the effect of SF reinforced concrete in the design of composite columns. A comparison study between the F EM r esults a nd t hose o f t he modified de sign e quations i s pe rformed a...
This is the third and final part of a series of three papers examining engineering education, pro... more This is the third and final part of a series of three papers examining engineering education, provided by the state (government funded) faculties in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In the first part, an analysis of government engineering education providers indicated the constraints imposed on those institutions by internal and external elements. In the second part, stakeholders’ views were collected to identify their pressing concerns and the improvements they would like to see. Four clear requests became evident from the responses: the application of modern innovative teaching methods; soft skills training; modern software applications training; and practical technical or industrial training. In this manuscript a literature scan was conducted to find ways for fulfilling these aspirations of Egyptian stakeholders regarding engineering education. By taking into account the constraints outlined in part I of this series, and by selecting suitable practices from worldwide engineering education providers, recommendations are provided for application.
This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After con... more This is part two of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt. After concerns from several stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills, a fresh look at the phenomenon is attempted. In this manuscript the views of stakeholders, including students & fresh graduates, engineers with several years of experience, others with long experiences, academics, parents and administrative staff, were elicited. The responses were collected by asking two questions via social media. The aim was to obtain a quick idea on how stakeholders perceive engineering education in Egypt, and the enhancements they would like to see. Four clear requests became evident from the responses: the application of modern innovative teaching methods; soft skills training; modern software applications training; and practical technical or industrial training. These requests provided direction for part three of this series of papers in which suitable experiences from international engineering education providers would be recommended for application in Egypt.
This is part one of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt provided by... more This is part one of a series of three papers examining engineering education in Egypt provided by state (government funded) universities. There have been concerns from all stakeholders about the graduates' knowledge and skills. A number of authors have described the chronic problems with higher education in Egypt in general, but this work provides insights and a fresh perspective at the phenomenon. In this manuscript, the institutions are analyzed from a business perspective in order to identify the underlying causes of the problems observed. The structural, operational and environmental (both external and internal) challenges that lead to the current status are described. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. In part two of this series the aspirations of stakeholders were collected. In part three, suggested measures are outlined based on the experiences of engineering education providers worldwide. These measures can be applied within the current constraints. The recommendations are hoped to realise the aspirations of the stakeholders. Collectively, the three parts provide insight in present practices and draw plans for improvement.