Aycan Murat MARANGOZ | Bulent Ecevit University (original) (raw)

Articles (Scientific Journals and Magazines) (SCI) by Aycan Murat MARANGOZ

Küresel ısınma, sanayileşme ve insanoğlunun çevremizi çok fazla etkilediği günümüz koşullarında, ... more Küresel ısınma, sanayileşme ve insanoğlunun çevremizi çok fazla etkilediği günümüz koşullarında, bu etkilerin belirlenmesi, izlenmesi
ve kontrolü insan yaşamı ve sağlığı bakımından önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Çevresel etkilerin izlenmesi için birçok yöntem mevcuttur.
Bu çalışmada, uzaktan algılama teknolojisi yardımıyla işlenen uydu görüntüleri ile önemli çevresel etkilerin nasıl gözlemlendiği ele
alınmıştır. Bu etkilerin gözlenmesinde hangi yöntemlerin kullanıldığı ve yöntemlerin etkinliği üzerine bilgiler verilmiştir. Uzaktan
algılama birçok alanda çok iyi sonuçlar vermektedir. Araştırma sonucunda uzaktan algılama teknolojisinin önemli çevresel değişimlerin
gözlemlenmesi açısından da etkili bir yöntem olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Urbanization has been one of the most important issues in recent years. Expansion in urban areas ... more Urbanization has been one of the most important issues in recent years. Expansion in urban areas may affect urban ecosystem. Thus, it is crucial to observe the variations in landscape patterns in urban areas. Satellite imagery is one of the effective ways to observe the environment. Besides, spatial distribution of urban areas can be determined using satellite images quickly and accurately. In addition, in order to distinguish urban features from non-urban areas some spectral urban indices have been developed. In this study, Landsat 8 OLI and TIRS data acquired on 7 October 2014 were utilized to retrieve urban areas by the help of spectral urban indices. Zonguldak city, a province of Turkey, was chosen as study area. The objective of this study is to create an Erdas Imagine model to retrieve urban index maps automatically. The obtained results showed that Erdas Imagine Spatial Modeler is a user friendly and effective tool for image processing. Furthermore, different kinds of spectral index maps can be retrieved easily and automatically by creating models.

Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul provi... more Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul province, which Buyuk and Kucuk Melen rivers, Asar, Ugur and Aksu rivers. Many settlement areas, fertilized agricultural lands, industrial plants and solid/liquid waste dumping areas have present in Melen watershed, causing substantial pollution problems. Melen watershed has been at a serious risk of pollution that a lot of settlement areas, agricultural lands, industrial facilities, and solid and liquid waste. In this study, LANDSAT satellite data was used to monitor the status of this area on the potential of the region studied. In the watershed change of 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2010 and also supported by satellite data. However, contaminants in the watershed discharges to the inner parts as shown from the satellite data have also been observed that the increase in pollution.

SPOT 5 HRG Level 1A and 1B stereo scenes covering Zonguldak testfield in north-west Turkey have b... more SPOT 5 HRG Level 1A and 1B stereo scenes covering Zonguldak testfield in north-west Turkey have been analysed. They comprise the left and right image components with base to height ratio of 0.54. The pixel size on the ground is 5 m. The bundle orientation was executed by the PCI Geomatica V9.1.4 software package and
resulted in 3D geopositioning to sub-pixel accuracies in each axis provided that at least six control points were used in the computation. Root mean square error (rmse) values and vectors of residual errors for Levels 1A and 1B are similar, even for different control and check point configurations. Based on the scene orientation, Level 1A and 1B digital elevation models (DEMs) of the testfield have been determined by automatic matching and validated by the reference DEM digitised from the 1:25 000 scale topographic maps, interferometric DEMs from Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission (SRTM) X- and C-band SAR data and the GPS profiles measured along the main roads in the testfield. Although the accuracies of reference data-sets are too similar to the generated SPOT DEMs, these are the only high quality reference materials available in this area. Sub-pixel height accuracy was indicated by the comparison with profile points. However, they are in favourable locations where matching is always successful, so such a result may give a biased
measure of the accuracy of the corresponding DEMs.

Chapters (Scientific Books) by Aycan Murat MARANGOZ

Papers (Scientific Conferences) by Aycan Murat MARANGOZ

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging system is one of the most effective way for Earth observat... more Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging system is one of the most effective way for Earth observation. The aim of this study is to present the preliminary results about estimating soil moisture using L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Full-polarimetric (HH, HV, VV, VH) ALOS-2 data, acquired on 22.04.2016 with the incidence angle of 30.4o, were used in the study. Simultaneously with the SAR acquisition, in-situ soil moisture samples over bare agricultural lands were collected and evaluated using gravimetric method. Backscattering coefficients for all polarizations were obtained and linear regression analysis was carried out with in situ moisture measurements. The best correlation coefficient was observed with VV polarization. Cross-polarized backscattering coefficients were not so sensitive to soil moisture content. In the study, it was observed that soil moisture maps can be retrieved with the accuracy about 14% (RMSE).

The aim of this study is to present the effects of industrial enterprises on Land Su... more The aim of this study is to present the effects of industrial enterprises on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and to retrieve Surface Heat Island (SHI) maps of these regions. SHI is one of the types of urban Heat Island (UHI) and as the urban areas grow in a city, UHI effect becomes bigger. The city centre of Zonguldak was chosen as study area and Landsat 5 satellite data were used as materials. Zonguldak has important industrial enterprises like thermal power plants and iron and steel plant. ERDEMIR is the biggest iron and steel plant in Turkey and it is one of the biggest ones in Europe, as well. There are three operating thermal power plants in the region namely CATES, ZETES1 and ZETES2. In order to investigate these industrial regions, Landsat 5 satellite data were processed using mono-window algorithm to retrieve LST and they were acquired on 11.09.1987, 18.09.2007 and 29.09.2011, respectively. The obtained results revealed that from 1987 to 2011, spatial and temporal variability in LST in industrial enterprises became higher than the surroundings. Besides, the sizes of SHIs in 2011 are bigger than the ones in 1987. For the countries and governments, having industrial enterprises is crucial for the development and it is also important to present the community better conditions in life. Thus, decision makers should consider mitigating the effects of these regions on LST.

Monitoring Land Surface Temperature (LST) via remote sensing images is one of the most important ... more Monitoring Land Surface Temperature (LST) via remote sensing images is one of the most important contributions to climatology. LST is an important parameter governing the energy balance on the Earth and it also helps us to understand the behavior of urban heat islands. There are lots of algorithms to obtain LST by remote sensing techniques. The most commonly used algorithms are split-window algorithm, temperature/emissivity separation method, mono-window algorithm and single channel method. In this research, mono window algorithm was implemented to Landsat 5 TM image acquired on 28.08.2011. Besides, meteorological data such as humidity and temperature are used in the algorithm. Moreover, high resolution Geoeye-1 and Worldview-2 images acquired on 29.08.2011 and 12.07.2013 respectively were used to investigate the relationships between LST and land cover type. As a result of the analyses, area with vegetation cover has approximately 5 ºC lower temperatures than the city center and arid land., LST values change about 10 ºC in the city center because of different surface properties such as reinforced concrete construction, green zones and sandbank. The temperature around some places in thermal power plant region (ÇATES and ZETES) Çatalağzı, is about 5 ºC higher than city center. Sandbank and agricultural areas have highest temperature due to the land cover structure.

Günümüzde, zengin bilgi içeriği sunan uydu görüntülerinin varlığı ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı... more Günümüzde, zengin bilgi içeriği sunan uydu görüntülerinin varlığı ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak bu görüntülerin
işlenebilmesi, uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinin sahadaki kullanım yerini sağlamlaştırmaktadır. Uydu görüntüleri, uygun ölçekte
harita yapımı ve güncellenmesi, planlama, değişim ve gelişimin izlenmesi, risk yönetimi, analiz ve benzeri birçok alandaki
uygulamalara altlık teşkil edebilmektedir. Bu tür uygulamalardaki kritik kararların alınabilmesi için güncel, hızlı ve düşük
maliyetlerle elde edilebilen verilere ihtiyaç duyulması, uydu görüntülerinin bu alanlarda kullanılmasında tercih sebebidir. Bu
çalışmada, uzaktan algılama teknolojisi kullanılarak Zonguldak ili merkezindeki yerleşim bölgesinin zamansal gelişiminin izlenmesi
ve bu açıdan analizlerin ve gerekli değerlendirilmelerin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun yanında, yerleşim bölgesi olarak sınırlı sayılabilecek olan Zonguldak ili merkezine alternatif olabilecek yeni yerleşim alanları araştırılacaktır. Böylelikle, Zonguldak gibi karışık bir jeolojik yapıya sahip bir kentsel alan için özellikle bölgedeki kamu-kurum ve kuruluşların, yerel yönetimlerin; yeni yerleşim alanlarının belirlenmesi, acil eylem planlaması vb. konularda ileriye yönelik projelerinin oluşumunda fayda sağlayacaktır.
Zonguldak ilinin değişik yıllara ait düşük, orta ve yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntüleri, hava fotoğrafları, ortofotoları, vektör haritaları vb. çeşitli verileri araştırılacak ve uygun veri üzerinden alınabilecek bilgiler dâhilinde istenilen kentsel detayların çıkarılması sağlanacaktır. İlgili yazılımlar yardımıyla detaylar, vektörleştirme ve görüntü değerlendirme adımlarından olan sınıflandırma işlemi ile çıkarılacak ve alternatif yerleşim alanları belirlenerek yeni alanlar için öneriler verilecektir.

Özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve bölgelerde genel ve yerel yönetimlerin çalışm... more Özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve bölgelerde genel ve yerel yönetimlerin çalışmalarının çok önemli bir bölümünün, imar, ulaştırma, su ve su içerikli yapı ve tesisler ile ilgili projelerin ve uygulamaların olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu tür arazi içerikli projeler, planlama ve uygulama hizmetleri için de güncel ve güvenilir coğrafi tabanlı bilgiler ve belgeler ilk öncelikli ihtiyaç olmaktadır. Bu kapsamdaki ihtiyaçların başında da proje ve planlama uygulamalarına konu coğrafi bölgelerin büyük ölçekli güncel temel planları (halihazır haritaları) gelmektedir. Bursa Metropolitan alanı gibi ekonomik ve sosyal gelişmelerin fazla ve hızlı olduğu coğrafi bölgelerde, gerek mevcut coğrafi bilgi ve belgelerdeki değişimler gerekse coğrafi tabanlı projelere ve planlamalara olan ihtiyaç daha fazla olmaktadır. Bildiride, Bursa Su ve Kanalizasyon İşleri (BUSKİ) Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Geomatik Mühendisliği Bölümünün Müşavirliğinde ve denetiminde gerçekleştirilmekte olan Bursa Metropolitan alanı Sayısal Fotogrametrik Temel Planlarının Yapılması (M5) Projesi tanıtılmaktadır. Planlanan yaklaşık 12000 km2 alanda proje ile ilgili yapılmakta ve yapılacak olan Jeodezik ve Fotogrametrik çalışmalar hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmektedir.

Yer yüzey sıcaklığı (YYS) önemli bir iklim parametresidir ve özellikle bölgesel iklim değişiklikl... more Yer yüzey sıcaklığı (YYS) önemli bir iklim parametresidir ve özellikle bölgesel iklim değişikliklerinin araştırılması için düzenli olarak izlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Uydu verileri yardımı ile geniş ölçekte YYS haritalarının çıkarılması ve belirli aralıklarla gözlemlenmesi mümkündür. Ayrıca uzaktan algılama teknikleri bu tür çalışmalar için görsel olarak büyük avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uydu görüntüleri yardımıyla elde edilen YYS haritalarının farklı arazi örtüleri ile arasındaki ilişkiyi sunmaktır. Bu kapsamda, YYS haritalarının elde edilmesinde mono-window algoritmasından yararlanılarak Landsat 5 TM verisi ile meteorolojik veriler (sıcaklık ve
nem) kullanılmıştır. Arazi örtüsü ile YYS görüntülerinin ilişkilendirilmesi için yüksek çözünürlüklü Geoeye ve Worldview-2 görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, endüstriyel kuruluşlar ve kumsalların en yüksek YYS değerlerine sahip olduğu, ormanlık ve bitki örtüsü kaplı alanların ise en düşük değerlerde olduğu görülmüştür. Zonguldak ve Kozlu şehir merkezlerindeki değerlerin kentleşmeye bağlı olarak kimi yerlerde yüksek seviyelere ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Üzerinde bitki örtüsü olmayan açık alanların da yaklaşık şehir merkezleri ile eş değer YYS değerlerinde olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan bölgelerin çoğaltılması ile daha farklı
alanlardaki YYS değişimlerinin ortaya konması ve bu şekilde bölgesel iklim değişikliğine sebebiyet verebilecek önemli alanların ortaya çıkarılması mümkün olmaktadır.

Enerji üretimi ve etkin kullanımı, ülkelerin gelişmişlik derecelerini gösteren önemli bir paramet... more Enerji üretimi ve etkin kullanımı, ülkelerin gelişmişlik derecelerini gösteren önemli bir parametredir. Enerji bağlamında dışa bağımlılığın olmaması veya minimum düzeyde olması ülke ekonomilerini de etkileyen bir unsurdur. Ülkemiz elektrik enerjisi üretiminde daha üretken olabilmek için son yıllarda Hidroelektrik Santral (HES) projelerine hız vermeye başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda, Mardin ili Dargeçit İlçesi’nde büyük
bir proje olan Ilısu barajı hayat geçirilmiş ve yapım aşaması hala devam etmektedir. Çalışmada bu alanı çalışma alanı seçilerek, baraja ismini veren Ilısu Köyünün zamansal değişiminin izlenmesi ile rezervuar sınırları içinde kalan ve çalışmada pilot alan seçilen Koçtepe köyü detaylarının çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda kadastral vektör haritalar, ortofotolar ve Pleiades uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak elle vektörleştirme ve pikselnesne tabanlı sınıflandırma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama ile iki köye ait detaylar çıkarılmış ve yapıların adedi ve alanları ile ilgili zamansal değişim tabloları sunulmuştur. Uydu görüntülerinin vektörleştirilmesi ile elde edilen yapıların doğruluğunun; yapıların geometrisine, birbirlerine olan yakınlıklarına ve kerpiç binaların yer yüzeyi ile benzer yansıma özelliği gösterdiği bölgelere göre değişim gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yapılan sınıflandırma yaklaşımlarından verimli sonuçlar alınamaması sebebiyle çalışma için de yer verilmemiştir. Ayrıca rezervuar alanında kalacak köyler için yeni yerleşim alanların belirlenmesi baraj projesi kapsamında belirlenmiş ve çalışma alanımızdaki köylere ilişkin yeni yerleşim alanları da sunulmuştur.

Fotogrametri tekniği, teknolojiye paralel bir şekilde her geçen yıl gelişme göstermekte ve ilerle... more Fotogrametri tekniği, teknolojiye paralel bir şekilde her geçen yıl gelişme göstermekte ve ilerlemektedir. Fotografik emülsiyon ve optik kamera kombinasyonunun gelişmesi, yüksek çözünürlük ve düşük distorsiyonlu görüntülerin elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Özellikle Sayısal fotogrametri, raster görüntülerin yüksek çözünürlükte ve çok sayıda renklerin bilgisayarda elde edilmesi sayesinde, hızla gelişme göstermektedir. Bunların yanı sıra, günümüzde bilgisayar teknolojisinin ilerlemesi ile birlikte güçlü bellek ve hızlı işlemcilerin üretilmesi sayesinde Sayısal fotogrametriye olan ilgi artmaktadır. Sayısal hava kamerası görüntülerinde eş zamanlı olarak pankromatik,
renkli ve kızılötesi görüntüler elde edildiği için çok çeşitli kullanım alanlarını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Sayısal hava kamerası görüntülerinde GPS/INS (Global Positioning System / Inertial Measurement Unit) kullanımı ile fotogrametrik nirengi işlemine gerek kalmadan dış yöneltme parametrelerinin elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu da otomatik havai nirengi uygulamasını olanaklı hale getirmiş ve maliyeti önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Sayısal hava kamerasından elde edilen ham görüntüler işlenerek, 8 ve 16 bit olarak Pankromatik,RGB (Red Green Blue), RGBI (Red Green Blue Infrared), CIR (Colour Infrared) ve NIR (Near Infrared) görüntü olarak eldeedilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sayısal hava kamerası görüntülerinin ve GPS/IMU sisteminin fotogrametrik çalışmalara kazanımlarını da belirterek; fotogrametrik değerlendirme için bu görüntülerden hangisinin kullanılmasının gerektiği ve birbirlerine göre avantaj ve dezavantajları belirlenmiştir. Bunun için Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Merkez Kampüsünü içerisine alan ve arazi yapısı olarak, hem ormanlık hem de
şehir merkezi olacak şekilde mümkün olduğu kadar eşit dağılımlı kısmı çalışma bölgesi olarak seçilmiştir. Söz konusu bölgeye ait 2011 yılı hava fotoğrafları ile; 8 ve 16 bit Pankromatik, RGB, RGBI, CIR ve NIR görüntüleri ile stereo model oluşturularak her bir görüntü için görüntü değerlendirme işlemi yapılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır.

New approaches of image classification such as “Object‐Based Image Analysis” (OBIA) utilize to ob... more New approaches of image classification such as “Object‐Based Image Analysis” (OBIA) utilize to obtain information contents of the images widely used in recent years. The images having ground sampling distance of 0.5‐1.0m recently regarded as the high resolution remote sensing images are widely used in recent remote sensing technologies. They are very important and required data for obtaining spatial data using their information contents. With regard to the arrangement of remote sensing images for any mapping applications, there are some existing methods, algorithms and the processes for their
geometric corrections and enhancements. Critical decisions for applications mentioned above; up‐to‐date, fast and low cost that can be achieved data are needed. Therefore, using
satellite images is preferred in these application areas.
In this study, Zonguldak testfield has been selected which is agro‐industrial City and has rolling topography along the Black Sea Coast in Turkey. Intensive mining operation and
applications have been made in this region for about 150 years. In this region, some geological and geomorphological land changes have been occurred during the removing
processes of the significant reserves of coal mines. Because of the extraction, processes and exporting the coal mining, some requirements have been occurred like new facilities and
using new settlement areas. In this context, the scope of using Zonguldak test area is selected as has been engaging in.
High resolution Ikonos‐2, Quickbird‐2 and Worldview‐2 images of 2002, 2004, 2008 and 2012 covering Zonguldak City in Turkey have been used in this study. Firstly, urban objects like
coastline, building and road in the images have been digitized using manual on‐screen digitizing approach. Then, these objects mentioned above have been detected, recognized
and extracted using eCognition Developer v8.9 and OBIA. The results have been compared with the reference vector maps scale of 1/5000 of testfield, and the success of object‐based
image analysis of final results were compared and contrasted respectively with other vector products, which had been obtained by the method of manual on‐screen digitizing results,
has been tested by GIS software. Consequently, the results and discussions about the production and updating of maps at the scale of 1/5000, which are recently and widely used
by local authorities and public organizations, have been presented. Also numerical results have been produced after analyses to investigate temporal changes of objects in Zonguldak testfield.

Remote sensing technology has a great importance with regard to environmental monitoring. Satelli... more Remote sensing technology has a great importance with regard to environmental monitoring. Satellite images present advantages to study on a large scale effectively. In this
research, Landsat TM5 satellite images acquired on 20.09.2003 and 29.09.2011 were used to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST) and land cover based on pixel and object based classification. Also a geological map of the study area was used to correlate the images. As a result of the research, all images were correlated each other and similarities between
different regions were presented.

Çatalağzı Thermoelectric Power Plant (ÇATES) has been constructed in Çatalağzı Town, that is loca... more Çatalağzı Thermoelectric Power Plant (ÇATES) has been constructed in Çatalağzı Town, that is located about 15 km east of Zonguldak province of Turkey. This power plant of
2x150 megawatt provides %5 of electricity power generation demand of the country with its 2 billion kilowatt hour annual energy power production. So it has been regarded as one the
leading ones in Turkey. During the construction of ash dam; land surface structure has been changed and the vegetation has been destroyed in the area due to the dam construction. In addition, conveyor line was opened in test area to transfer the ash from power plant to dam. Thus, land topography and morphology in test area have been changed on a large scale.
This study aims at discussing the detection and evaluation of environmental changes during all steps and every construction processes of ÇATES ash dam. For this purpose, Landsat ETM
image of dated 2000, SPOT‐5 image of dated 2005, QuickBird image of dated 2008 and Worldview‐2 image of dated 2012 have been evaluated using remote sensing techniques. In
this evaluation, terrain changes and destroyed green areas which were formed after the construction of ash dam have been detected using manual digitizing approached and Object‐
Based Image Analyses (OBIA). All these digitizing and classification processes and the vector data has been performed using NetCAD, PCI Geomatica and eCognition Developer software. At the end of the study, the numerical data, results and relevant necessary comments of the study are presented by performing required analysis and evaluations.

Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul provi... more Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul province, and includes the Large and Small Melen rivers, Asar Suyu, Ugur Suyu and Aksu rivers. The basin consists of the Caycuma formation made up of sandstone, shale and conglomerate and Orencik formation composed of sandstone, conglomerate and claystone with alluvium along the river beds. Many settlements, fertilized agricultural lands, industrial plants and solid/ liquid waste dumping areas are present in the Melen watershed, causing substantial pollution problems. The Melen watershed is at a serious risk of pollution due to the settlements, agricultural lands, industrial facilities, and solid and liquid waste.
This study was conducted in the Melen Watershed, which is increasingly under the pressure from increasingly intensive land use. Its aim was to examine in detail the use of polluting elements and the situation which affects the detection rates of the pollutants compared to the current state. LANDSAT satellite data was used to monitor the status of this area and the potential of the region studied. In general, the possibility of global change in the basin is determined by the location of the riverbed. The evolution of the watershed was studied from data of 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2010 and also supported by satellite data. It has been shown from the satellite data that contaminated discharges in the watershed have increased and hence pollution has increased.

Türkiye’nin Karadeniz’e olan kıyı kesiminde en savunmasız kısmı Sakarya ili içerisinde yer almakt... more Türkiye’nin Karadeniz’e olan kıyı kesiminde en savunmasız kısmı Sakarya ili içerisinde yer almaktadır. 50km uzunluğundaki kıyı şeridi bu havzada milyonlarca yıldır Sakarya Nehri’nin taşıdığı çökelti ile oluşmuştur (Kutoğlu vd. 2010). 1996 yılında Sakarya nehri yakınındaki Karasu ilçesinde, nehrin 1km doğusuna balıkçı limanı kurulmuştur. Projenin ilerleyen aşamalarında bu liman 1.5km uzunluğunda dalgakıranı olan bir limana dönüştürülmüş ve inşaatı 2008 yılında tamamlanmıştır. İnşaat sırasında, kıyı şeridi çizgisinin kıyı kesiminde bulunan evlere doğru yaklaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Daha sonra şiddetini giderek arttıran kıyı erozyonu, 2010 yılının Ocak ayında kıyı kesiminin ön plandaki evlere zarar vermiştir.
Bu çalışmada Karasu kıyı şeridindeki değişikliklerin, nesne tabanlı görüntü analizi yaklaşımları kullanılarak elde edilen sınıflandırma sonuçlarının zamansal analiz çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Bu amaçla, test alanı için 1987, 2001, 2006 ve 2010 yıllarına ait Landsat 5 ve Landsat 7 uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Bu görüntüler, eCognition yazılımın ana adımları olan segmentasyon ve sınıflandırma aşamalarından geçirilerek işlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma sonuçları, piksel tabanlı sınıflandırma sonuçları, referans vektör haritaları ve ekran üzerinden manuel vektörleştirme sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Belirtilen sınıflandırma sonuçlarının doğruluk analizleri sunulmuş ve yorumlanmıştır.
Bu sonuçlara göre; Landsat görüntülerinin zamansal analiz için uygun veri kaynağı olmalarının yanında, yüksek doğruluk isteyen analizlerde kullanılamadığı, nesne-tabanlı sınıflandırma tekniği ile kıyı şeridinin yarı-otomatik olarak çıkarımının hızlı bir şekilde yapılabildiği ve bu çıkarımların ekran üzerinden manuel vektörleştirme sonuçlarına benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada kıyı şeridine dik oluşturulan üç kesitin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, nesne-tabanlı sınıflandırma yaklaşımı ile 2006 ve 2010 Landsat görüntüleri kullanılarak kıyı erozyonunun çıkarılamadığı, diğer görüntülerde ise, karşılaştırılan tüm yaklaşımların birbirlerine yakın sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Çıkarılan sonuçlar doğrultusunda, bu tür kıyı erozyonu çalışmalarında yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntülerin kullanılması ile zamansal analizin başarı ile yapılabileceği ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ortamına entegre edilebileceği görülmüştür.

Son yıllarda uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinde, yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntüleri kapsamına gi... more Son yıllarda uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinde, yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntüleri kapsamına giren ve 0.6-1.0m yer örnekleme aralığına sahip görüntüler yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu görüntüler, konumsal bilgi elde etmede etken olan görüntünün bilgi içeriği açısından çok önemli ve gerekli bir veri kaynağı olmaktadır. Uydu görüntülerinin herhangi bir haritacılık uygulamasına altlık olacak şekilde düzenlenmesi için; geometrik olarak düzeltilmeleri ve zenginleştirilmeleri konusunda mevcut bazı yöntem, algoritma ve yapılan bazı diğer işlemler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, görüntülerden çıkarılacak bilgi içeriğinin elde edilmesinde yararlanılan sınıflandırma yaklaşımlarından olan nesne-tabanlı görüntü işleme analizi ve özellikle son yıllarda sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak Bölgesini kaplayan yüksek çözünürlüklü 2004 yılına ait QuickBird görüntüsü, 2002 ve 2008 yıllarına ait IKONOS uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Seçilen test alanı, Batı Karadeniz kıyı şeridi boyunca değişken arazi yapısına sahip olan endüstri şehri Zonguldak bölgesidir. Görüntülerdeki bina ve yollar gibi kentsel detaylar eCognition v4.0.6 yazılımı ile nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma yaklaşımı kullanılarak bulunmuş, tanınmış ve çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünler, test alanının mevcut 1/5000 ölçekli referans vektör haritası ile karşılaştırılmış, analiz ve sorgu işlemleri yapılarak diğer bir yöntem olan görüntünün ekran üzerinden elle vektörleştirilmesi yöntemiyle elde edilen vektör ürünlerine karşı başarısı CBS ortamında analiz edilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler doğrultusunda, yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntülerinin geometrik ve semantik içeriğinden yararlanarak günümüz yerel yönetimler ve kamu tarafından kullanılan 1/5000 ölçekli haritaların yapımı ve güncelleştirilmesi konusunda gerekli sonuçlar sunulmuş ve yorumlar yapılmıştır.

Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul provi... more Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul province, which Buyuk and Kucuk Melen rivers, Asar, Ugur and Aksu rivers. Many settlement areas, fertilized agricultural lands, industrial plants and solid/liquid waste dumping areas have present in Melen watershed, causing substantial pollution problems. Melen watershed has been at a serious risk of pollution that a lot of settlement areas, agricultural lands, industrial facilities, and solid and liquid waste. In this study, LANDSAT satellite data was used to monitor the status of this area on the potential of the region studied. In the watershed change of 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2010 and also supported by satellite data. However, contaminants in the watershed discharges to the inner parts as shown from the satellite data have also been observed that the increase in pollution.

Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul provi... more Buyuk Melen Watershed provides drinking water from the Western Black Sea region to Istanbul province, and includes the Large and Small Melen rivers, Asar Suyu, Ugur Suyu and Aksu rivers. The basin consists of the Caycuma formation made up of sandstone, shale and conglomerate and Orencik formation composed of sandstone, conglomerate and claystone with alluvium along the river beds. Many settlements, fertilized agricultural lands, industrial plants and solid/ liquid waste dumping areas are present in the Melen watershed, causing substantial pollution problems. The Melen watershed is at a serious risk of pollution due to the settlements, agricultural lands, industrial facilities, and solid and liquid waste.
This study was conducted in the Melen Watershed, which is increasingly under the pressure from increasingly intensive land use. Its aim was to examine in detail the use of polluting elements and the situation which affects the detection rates of the pollutants compared to the current state. LANDSAT satellite data was used to monitor the status of this area and the potential of the region studied. In general, the possibility of global change in the basin is determined by the location of the riverbed. The evolution of the watershed was studied from data of 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2010 and also supported by satellite data. It has been shown from the satellite data that contaminated discharges in the watershed have increased and hence pollution has increased.

The images having ground sampling distance of 0.6-1.0m recently regarded as the high resolution r... more The images having ground sampling distance of 0.6-1.0m recently regarded as the high resolution remote sensing images are widely using in recent remote sensing technologies. They are very important and required data for obtaining spatial data using their information contents. With regard to the arrangement of remote sensing images for any mapping applications, there are some existing methods, algorithms and the processes for their geometric corrections and enhancements. Additionally, new approaches of classification such as “object-based image analysis” utilize to obtain information contents of the images widely used in recent years. In this study, the high resolution QuickBird image of 2004 and IKONOS satellite images of 2002 and 2008 covering Zonguldak City in Turkey have been used. The testfield is agro-industrial district in Zonguldak which has rolling topography along the Black Sea Coast. The urban features like buildings and roads in the images have been detected, recognized and extracted using Cognition v4.0.6 software and the object-based classification approach. The results have been compared with the reference vector maps scale of 1/5000 of testfield, and the success of object-based image analysis of final results compared and contrasted respectively with other vector products, which had been obtained by the method of on-screen digitizing results, has been tested by GIS software. Consequently, the results and discussions about the production and updating of maps at the scales of 1/5000, which are recently and widely used by local authorities and public organizations, have been presented.

The most vulnerable part of the Black Sea Coast in Turkey is located within the Sakarya City. The... more The most vulnerable part of the Black Sea Coast in Turkey is located within the Sakarya City. The 50 kilometers long coastal line in this basin has been formed with the sediments carried by the Sakarya River for thousands of the year. In 1996, a fishing port was constructed at approximately 1 km east of the Sakarya River nearby Karasu district. In the following stages, the project was turned out to a harbor extending its breakwater to 1.5 km, and the construction was completed in 2008. During the construction, it was discovered that the coastal line progressively moved into inland towards the houses on the coastal area. Indeed, the coastal erosion increased gradually in time, and at last the houses in forefront of the coastal line were destructed by a storm on January 2010. In this study, temporal analysis of changes in coastline of Karasu was studied on the basis of the classification results acquired using object-based image analysis approaches. For this purpose, Landsat imagery with multispectral bands of 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2010 test area were used. These images were handled by the eCognition v4.0.6 software with the main steps of segmentation and classification. Thus, vectors of coastline were obtained from object-based classifications. On the other hand, these vector results were compared with reference vector and on-screen digitizing results. From the classification results mentioned above, the accuracy assessments were presented and interpreted. Based on the extracted results, it was seen that, temporal analysis of coastline of Karasu can be successfully undertaken and integrated to the GIS environment.

Nowadays Geographic Information Systems (GIS) uses Remote Sensing (RS) data for a lot of applicat... more Nowadays Geographic Information Systems (GIS) uses Remote Sensing (RS) data for a lot of applications. One of the application areas is the updating of the GIS database using high resolution imagery. In this context high resolution satellite imagery data is very important for many applications areas today's and future. And also, high resolution satellite imagery data will be used in many applications for different purposes. Information systems needs to high resolution imagery data for updating. Updating is very important component for the any of the GIS systems. One of this area will be updated and kept alive GIS database information. High resolution satellite imagery is used with different data base which serve map information via internet and different aims of information systems applications in future topographic and cartographic information systems will very important in our country in this sense use of the satellite images will be unavoidable. In this study explain to how is acquired to satellite images and how is use this images in information systems for object and roads. Firstly, pan-sharpened two of the IKONOS's images have been produced by fusion of high resolution PAN and MS images using PCI Geomatica v9.1 software package. Automatic object extraction has been made using eCognition v4.0.6. On the other hand, these objects have been manually digitized from high resolution images using ArcGIS v9.3. software package. Application section of in this study, satellite images data will be compared each other and GIS objects and road database. It is also determined which data is useful in Geographic Information Systems. Finally, this article explains that integration of remote sensing technology and GIS applications.

High resolution satellite imagery data is very important for many applications today and in futur... more High resolution satellite imagery data is very important for many applications today and in future. High resolution satellite images will be used in many applications for different purposes. Information systems needs high resolution imagery data for updating. One of these areas is an up-dated and actual topographic map information. High resolution satellite imagery is used with dif-ferent data bases which serve to map information via internet. Information system applications with different goals in future topographic and cartographic information systems will be very im-portant in Turkey, and therefore the use of satellite images will be unavoidable. In this study we explain the way to acquire satellite images and how the images are used in information systems. Firstly, pan-sharpened QuickBird IKONOS images have been produced by fusion of high resolu-tion PAN and MS images using the PCI Geomatica v9.1 software package. Automatic object ex-traction has been made using eCognition v4.0.6. On the other hand, these objects have been manu-ally digitized from high resolution images using the ArcGIS v9.3. software package. As an appli-cation, satellite images data are compared with topographic map data. It is also determined which data is useful in Geographic Information Systems. Finally, the integration of remote sensing tech-nology and GIS applications is discussed.

Nowadays, remotely sensed images are used for various purposes in different applications. One of ... more Nowadays, remotely sensed images are used for various purposes in different applications. One of them is the cadastral application using high resolution satellite imagery. In this context, a comparison of extraction results from these images and existing vector data is the most important issue. The goal here is to show the advantages and disadvantages of the QuickBird and IKONOS imagery for making cadastral maps. In this study, high resolution IKONOS and QuickBird images of rural and urban test areas in Zonguldak and Bartın have been chosen. Firstly, pan-sharpened IKONOS and QuickBird images have been produced by fusion of high resolution PAN and MS images using PCI Geomatica v9.1 software package. The parcel, building and road network objects from these datasets have been extracted automatically by initially dividing it into segments and then being classified by using the spectral, spatial and contextual information in eCognition v4.0.6 software package. On the other hand, these objects have been manually digitized from high resolution images using ArcGIS v9.2 software package. These vectors produced automatically and manually have been compared with the existing digital cadastral maps and reference vector maps (scale 1/5000) of the test area. The success of object-oriented image analysis results was tested by GIS software; the results have been presented and commented. Therefore, making GISbased analysis and comparisons with raster and vector data of the test area has crucial importance in terms of putting forth the recent situation.

Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

Uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinin gelişmesi, farklı analiz yöntemleri ve yazılımlar sayesinde uyd... more Uzaktan algılama teknolojilerinin gelişmesi, farklı analiz yöntemleri ve yazılımlar sayesinde uydu görüntüleri üzerinden nesnelerin yüksek doğrulukla sınıflandırılmaları mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, Kastamonu Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Merkez İşletme Şefliğine ait 12X12 km’lik çalışma alanının, 3 Eylül 2011 tarihinde çekilmiş yüksek çözünürlüklü GeoEye-1 uydu görüntüsü kullanılarak, arazi örtü tipleri ve diğer sınıf türlerine ait sınıflandırma başarıları incelenmiştir. Genel doğruluk değeri %90.59 olurken kappa değeri ise 0.872 olarak bulunmuştur. eCognition yazılımı ile nesne tabanlı sınıflandırma yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen yüksek doğruluklu sınıflandırılmış görüntü sonrası, 1/25000 ölçekli raster veri olan meşcere haritası NetCAD v5.2 yazılımı ile vektör veri haline getirilerek karşılaştırmalar için altlık olarak hazırlanmıştır. Uygulamanın devamında GeoEye-1 uydu görüntüsü elle vektörleştirilerek, sınıflandırma sonuçları ve meşcere haritasına ait vektör veri ile hem görsel hem de s...

The images having ground sampling distance of 0.6-1.0m recently regarded as the high resolution r... more The images having ground sampling distance of 0.6-1.0m recently regarded as the high resolution remote sensing images are widely using in recent remote sensing technologies. They are very important and required data for obtaining spatial data usin g their information contents. With regard to the arrangement of remote sensing images for any mapping applications, there are some existing methods, algorithms and the processes for their geometric corrections and enhancements. Additionally, new approaches of classification such as “object-based image analysis” utilize to obtain information contents of the images widely used in recent years. In this study, the high resolution QuickBird image of 2004 and IKONOS satellite images of 2002 and 2008 covering Zonguldak City in Turkey have been used. The testfield is agro-industrial district in Zonguldak which has rolling topography along the Black Sea Coast. The urban features like buildings and roads in the images have been detected, recognized and extracted using Cognition v4.0.6 software and the object-based classification approach. The results have been compared with the reference vector maps scale of 1/5000 of testfield, and the success of object-based image analysis of final results compared and contrasted respectively with other vector products, which had been obtained by the method of on-screen digitizing results, has been tested by GIS software. Consequently, the results and discussions about the production and updating of maps at the scales of 1/5000, which are recently and widely used by local authorities and public organizations, have been presented.

Bircok uygarliga ev sahipligi yapmis olan ulkemiz topraklari uzerinde, cok sayida kulturel ve tar... more Bircok uygarliga ev sahipligi yapmis olan ulkemiz topraklari uzerinde, cok sayida kulturel ve tarihi miras yer almaktadir. Kultur varliklarinin yuzlerce yillik bilgi birikiminin sonraki nesillere aktarilmasi onem arz ettiginden, dokumantasyonu ve korunmasi vazgecilmez unsurlardandir. Bu noktada yersel fotogrametri teknigi, ozellikle arkeolojik eserlerin dokumantasyonunda ve bu eserlerin 3B (Uc Boyutlu) modellerinin uretilmesinde siklikla kullanilan yontemlerden biridir. Bu calismada; Turkiye’de yeni konumuna tasinan ilk yapi olmasi ve uzerinde fazlaca detay bulunmasi sebebiyle; Batman Ili, Merkez Ilcesi, Kesmekopru Koyu sinirlarinda bulunan tarihi Zeynel Bey Turbesi model alani olarak secilmistir. Turbenin yersel fotograflari alinarak, 3B gorsellestirilmis guncel modelleme calismalari ve Google Earth ortamina aktarilmasina yonelik yaklasimlar ilgili yazilimlarda uygulanarak 3B modeli olusturulmustur. Calisma sonucunda, kulturel miras ve varliklarin korunmasi ile sonraki nesillere ak...

With the availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by the Shuttle Radar Topograph... more With the availability of digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) a homogenous height model is given for most parts of the world. The spacing of 3 arc sec for the published SRTM C-band DEM is reducing the morphologic information especially in mountainous regions. With a spacing of 1 arc sec the SRTM X-band DEMs do include quite more details about the terrain surface, but large gaps between the X-band flight paths do exist. Even with the 15m ground sampling distance of ASTER images, based on automatic image matching in mountainous areas more morphologic details can be achieved like with the SRTM C-band DEM. The higher resolution of SPOT 5, KOMPSAT-1, IKONOS or others will lead to more morphologic details. As well the Xas the C-band RADAR cannot penetrate the vegetation, so not only the optical images, also SRTM will lead to digital surface models showing the visible surface and not the bare ground. If the noise of the DEMs is below the ...

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2018

The aim of this study is to estimate and map soil moisture distribution using C-band Synthetic Ap... more The aim of this study is to estimate and map soil moisture distribution using C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Sentinel-1A is a new generation C-band SAR satellite, and in this study Sentinel-1A data acquired on 24 April 2016 were used to retrieve soil moisture map. An agricultural region in Bergama, a district of İzmir city, was chosen as the study area. In-situ soil moisture measurements were carried out in 20 test fields simultaneously with SAR data acquisition. The effects of soil moisture and local incidence angle on backscattering coefficient were analyzed, and then a multiple regression analysis was performed to generate an empirical model. The proposed model was evaluated using statistical metrics namely coefficient of determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the results were 0.84 and 2.46 %, respectively. The obtained results showed that Sentinel-1A SAR data presented satisfying outcomes to estimate and map soil moisture content.

Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.

From the test field Zonguldak different high and very high resolution optical satellite images ar... more From the test field Zonguldak different high and very high resolution optical satellite images are available like TK350, ASTER, KOMPSAT-1, IRS-1C, SPOT 5, KVR1000, IKONOS and QuickBird. The images partially have been achieved as close to original images (level 1A) and partially projected to a plane with constant object height (level 1B). For some images, based on direct sensor information, a good image orientation is given which for some only has to be improved by a shift in X and Y, while for others only rough orientations are distributed. In addition sometimes the orientation has to be improved by additional parameters to compensate systematic geometric effects. Some orientation information of IKONOS-and QuickBird-images is available also as rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), describing the relation between the image and the object coordinates by a ration of polynomials. The different orientation procedures are described with their advantages and disadvantages. In most cases sub-pixel accuracy was possible. The orientation of some images could be made with different procedures leading to similar results for a sufficient number of well distributed control points. But with a smaller number and also not well distributed control points quite different results have been achieved leading to the clear result that a correct mathematical model, using the available information of the image orientation should be used. This can be done with a geometric reconstruction of the image geometry or sensor oriented rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) while for the 3D-affinity transformation more and well distributed control points are required. The DLT-method and the terrain dependent RPCs should not be used.

International journal of chemistry and technology, Dec 30, 2022

It is costly and time-consuming to determine coastal pollution with ground measurements. One of t... more It is costly and time-consuming to determine coastal pollution with ground measurements. One of the most basic parameters to determine pollution in these areas is Chlorophyll A. This study aims to investigate the determination of this parameter using Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. In the study, the Sentinel-2 satellite was used to determine the parameter Chlorophyll A in the coastal areas of the Black Sea. 19 algorithms were used in the application. The algorithms are related to luminance reflections and the 8 bands of the satellite were used for the study. An Artificial Neural Network model was published as the best result. Pollution was observed in the coastal areas of the Black Sea between 2021 and 2017. As a result of the analysis, it is possible to observe coastal pollution quickly, without cost and/or at very low cost, with RS techniques. In this sense, RS techniques are of great importance in detecting environmental pollution, and relevant algorithms should be developed and supported by local measurements.

SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings, 2017

17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference, SGEM 2017 --29 June 2017 through 5... more 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference, SGEM 2017 --29 June 2017 through 5 July 2017 -- --In this study, object-based Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification performance of Sentinel-2 image has been tested by comparing other medium resolution satellite dataset of Zonguldak test field. The test field covering a small area around Zonguldak is located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. It is noted for being one of the main coal mining areas in the world. For the purpose of the study, pan-sharpened Landsat 8 image was used because of its nearly similar ground sampling distance (GSD). The RGB and NIR bands of Sentinel-2 were used for classification and comparison. As a first step, Landsat-8 pan-sharpened image was created using High Pass Filtering (HPF) pan sharp algorithm in ERDAS software package. Following this, resulted images were handled by the eCognition v4.0.6 software with the main steps of segmentation and classification. After determining the optimal segmentation parameters correctly, classification of main Land use/Land cover classes were compared with by Landsat-8 derived LULC classes. Furthermore, the results were verified visually using high resolution satellite image Worldview-2. The accuracy assessment as Kappa statistics for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 are 0.74 and 0.66, respectively. The obtained results revealed that Sentinel-2 LULC images give better results than Landsat-8. © SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved

For object- oriented classification approaches, main step is the segmentation part of the imagery... more For object- oriented classification approaches, main step is the segmentation part of the imagery. In eCognition v.4.0.6 software, with the segmentation process, meaningful objects can be created for following steps. In the experimental imagery with 2.4m ground sampling distance (GSD) has been used and several different parameters e.g. scale, color/shape and smoothness/compactness parameters have been tested accordingly. Additionally, segmentation parameters were set to low and high values and thus, dissimilarity of segmentation results were examined.

Kuresel isinma, sanayilesme ve insanoglunun cevremizi cok fazla etkiledigi gunumuz kosullarinda, ... more Kuresel isinma, sanayilesme ve insanoglunun cevremizi cok fazla etkiledigi gunumuz kosullarinda, bu etkilerin belirlenmesi, izlenmesi ve kontrolu insan yasami ve sagligi bakimindan onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Cevresel etkilerin izlenmesi icin bircok yontem mevcuttur. Bu calismada, uzaktan algilama teknolojisi yardimiyla islenen uydu goruntuleri ile onemli cevresel etkilerin nasil gozlemlendigi ele alinmistir. Bu etkilerin gozlenmesinde hangi yontemlerin kullanildigi ve yontemlerin etkinligi uzerine bilgiler verilmistir. Uzaktan algilama bircok alanda cok iyi sonuclar vermektedir. Arastirma sonucunda uzaktan algilama teknolojisinin onemli cevresel degisimlerin gozlemlenmesi acisindan da etkili bir yontem oldugu ortaya konmustur.

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017

Geomatik, 2021

Günümüzde doğal ve beşeri nedenlerle artan orman yangınlarının Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi ... more Günümüzde doğal ve beşeri nedenlerle artan orman yangınlarının Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri teknikleriyle belirlenmesi, yapılacak müdahale ve planlama için oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Orman yangını risk alanlarını haritalamak yangına müdahale anlamında işgücü, zaman ve maliyet bakımından oldukça yararlı olacaktır. Orman yangını risk haritaları yangın oluşumuna ve davranışına etki eden unsurları kısmen ortaya koymaktadır. Ülkemiz koşullarında, orman yangını risk haritaları yardımıyla özellikle arazi sınıflarındaki insan faktörüne ilişkin kullanımların yangın riskini değerlendirmelerdeki önemi net olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada test alanı olarak Zonguldak ve Ereğli Orman İşletme Müdürlükleri seçilmiştir. Bu işletmelerde, 2008-2019 yılları arasında meydana gelen 126 adet orman yangınının, yangın sicil formu incelenmiştir. Yangın çıkan alanlarda yangına neden olan insan faktörü, topoğrafik faktörler ve arazi kullanım sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Yerleşim ve yol ağl...

Geomatik, 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Zonguldak metropolitan alanı için Landsat 8 uydusuna ait veriler yardımıyla ... more Bu çalışmanın amacı, Zonguldak metropolitan alanı için Landsat 8 uydusuna ait veriler yardımıyla Arazi Kullanımı Arazi Örtüsü (AKAÖ) ve Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı (YYS) arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda 24 Mayıs 2017 tarihinde alınan Landsat 8 uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. YYS çıkarımı için pratik bir yöntem olan mono-window algoritması ele alınmıştır ve AKAÖ haritalarının oluşturulması için piksel tabanlı maksimum benzerlik yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. YYS görüntüsünün doğruluk analizlerini gerçekleştirmek için uydu verisi ile eş zamanlık olarak arazi çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmasında, data loggerlar yardımıyla eş dağılımlı noktalarda sıcaklık ve nem ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen YYS değerleri ile yersel ölçümlerle elde edilen yakın hava sıcaklığı değerleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı (R) %83 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, üç yüz rastgele nokta seçilerek gerçekleştirilen AKAÖ haritasının doğruluk analizinde, ortalama doğruluk ve Kappa ...

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020

Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) is one of the important variables that help to understand the physica... more Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) is one of the important variables that help to understand the physical process between the land and the atmosphere. Thus, temporal and spatial distribution of SSM is crucial for a sustainable environment. Radar remote sensing, especially Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), is an important technology for the estimation of spatio-temporal SSM. The aim of this study is to examine the potential of L-band ALOS-2 and Cband Sentinel-1 SAR data for SSM estimation over bare and vegetated agricultural fields in a dry season (no irrigation). Field campaigns were carried out simultaneous with ALOS-2 acquisitions on 22 April 2016 (bare surfaces) and 12 June 2016 (vegetation covered surfaces). In addition, in-situ SSM, Plant Coverage (PC) and surface roughness were measured in these campaigns. The sensitivity of ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 polarizations was investigated for bare and vegetation covered surfaces. For bare soil surfaces, the highest sensitivity was obtained from HH polarization of ALOS-2 (R 2 = 0.36) and VV polarization of Sentinel-1 (R 2 = 0.74). The results demonstrated that the potential of Sentinel-1 for SSM estimation was higher than ALOS-2 over bare soil surfaces. Three models, namely Dubois semi-empirical model and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis for bare soil surfaces, and Water Cloud Model (WCM) for vegetated surfaces, were regarded for SSM estimation. Dubois model did not respond well for both data sets. Considering the MLR analyses, the testing results showed that Sentinel-1 (R 2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 1.76 vol%) presented better accuracy results than ALOS-2 (R 2 = 0.57 and RMSE = 2.29 vol%). WCM was effective in eliminating the vegetation backscattering effect and the inversion of WCM presented satisfactory results in estimating SSM with both ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 data. Furthermore, Lband ALOS-2 provided slightly better results than C-band Sentinel-1 in WCM analysis.

The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2017

The aim of this study is to conduct accuracy analyses of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classificatio... more The aim of this study is to conduct accuracy analyses of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classifications derived from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data, and to reveal which dataset present better accuracy results. Zonguldak city and its near surrounding was selected as study area for this case study. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and Landsat-8 the Operational Land Imager (OLI) data, acquired on 6 April 2016 and 3 April 2016 respectively, were utilized as satellite imagery in the study. The RGB and NIR bands of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 were used for classification and comparison. Pan-sharpening process was carried out for Landsat-8 data before classification because the spatial resolution of Landsat-8 (30m) is far from Sentinel-2 RGB and NIR bands (10m). LULC images were generated using pixel-based Maximum Likelihood (MLC) supervised classification method. As a result of the accuracy assessment, kappa statistics for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data were 0.78 and 0.85 respectively. The obtained results showed that Sentinel-2 MSI presents more satisfying LULC images than Landsat-8 OLI data. However, in some areas of Sea class Landsat-8 presented better results than Sentinel-2.

Environmental monitoring and assessment, Jan 7, 2018

Rapid and irregular urbanization is an essential issue in terms of environmental assessment and m... more Rapid and irregular urbanization is an essential issue in terms of environmental assessment and management. The dynamics of landscape patterns should be observed and analyzed by local authorities for a sustainable environment. The aim of this study is to determine which spectral urban index, originated from old Landsat missions, represents impervious area better when new generation Earth observation satellite Landsat 8 data are used. Two datasets of Landsat 8, acquired on 2 September 2013 and 10 September 2016, were utilized to investigate the consistency of the results. In this study, commonly used urban indices namely normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), index-based built-up index (IBI), urban index (UI), and enhanced built-up and bareness index (EBBI) were utilized to extract impervious areas. The accuracy assessment of urban indices was conducted by comparing the results with pan-sharpened images, which were classified using maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method...

16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2016, Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, 2016

16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference (SGEM 2016) -- JUN 30-JUL 06, 2016 ... more 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference (SGEM 2016) -- JUN 30-JUL 06, 2016 -- Albena, BULGARIAWOS: 000395499500106Determination of changes in coastal regions and monitoring these changes are crucial for the management of coastal areas and sustainable development. Various methods are utilized in monitoring the changes in coastal areas and remote sensing technology is one of the most important methods. In this study, a map generated by the French in about 1890s with the scale of 1/10000 was vectorized to evaluate the first condition of coastal region of Zonguldak city. By vectorization of this map, some urban constructions, harbor details and determination of coastal region was detected. Furthermore, it is aimed to reveal the changes in coastal stretch using object-based image analyzes (OBIA), and for this purpose one high resolution satellite image acquired on 2015 from Worldview-2 satellite was utilized. This image was processed using eCognition software, and coastal stretch and water body were determined by OBIA. Vectorized map generated in 1890s and manually vectorized results were compared. As a result of the analyses, it is revealed that object-based classification techniques can be applied to extract the coastal stretch semi-automatically and the classification results are similar to vectorization results. As a consequence, monitoring the temporal changes in coastal regions via OBIA using high resolution satellite image is an effective method and the obtained results can be integrated to GIS easily.Bulgarian Acad Sci, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Latvian Acad Sci, Polish Acad Sci, Russian Acad Sci, Serbian Acad Sci & Arts, Slovak Acad Sci, Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Water Problem & Hydropower NAS KR, Natl Acad Sci Armenia, Sci Council Japan, World Acad Sci, European Acad Sci Arts & Lett, Acad Sci Moldova, Montenegrin Acad Sci & Arts, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts, Georgian Natl Acad Sci, Acad Fine Arts & Design Bratislava, Turkish Acad Sci, Bulgarian Ind Assoc, Bulgarian Minist Environm & WaterBEUN Scientific Research Project [2015-47912266-02]Worldview-2 satellite image has been provided by BEUN Scientific Research Project: 2015-47912266-02