Orit Sivan | Ben Gurion University of the Negev (original) (raw)
Papers by Orit Sivan
Biogeosciences, Mar 23, 2021
Geobiology, Jun 1, 2007
We use the carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of pore f... more We use the carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of pore fluids from Leg 175 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) along the West African Margin to quantify rates of methane production (methanogenesis) and destruction via oxidation (methanotrophy) in deep-sea sediments. Results from a model of diffusion and reaction in the sedimentary column show that anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) occurs in the transition zone between the presence of sulfate and methane, and methanogenesis occurs below these depths in a narrow confined zone that ends at about 250 m below the sea-sediments surface in all sediment profiles. Our model suggests that the rates of methanogenesis and AOM range between 6 • 10 − 8 and 1 • 10 − 10 mol cm − 3 year − 1 at all sites, with higher rates at sites where sulfate is depleted in shallower depths. Our AOM rates agree with those based solely on sulfate concentration profiles, but are much lower than those calculated from experiments of sulfate reduction through AOM done under laboratory conditions. At sites where the total organic carbon (TOC) is less than 5% of the total sediment, we calculate that AOM is the main pathway for sulfate reduction. We calculate that higher rates of AOM are associated with increased recrystallization rates of carbonate minerals. We do not find a correlation between methanogenesis rates and the content of carbonate or TOC in the sediments, porosity, sedimentation rate, or the C:N ratio, and the cause of lack of methanogenesis below a certain depth is not clear. There does, however, appear to be an association between the rates of methanogenesis and the location of the site in the upwelling system, suggesting that some variable such as the type of the organic matter or the nature of the microbiological community may be important.
Goldschmidt2022 abstracts, 2022
Limnology and Oceanography, Jul 1, 2011
Hydrogeology Journal, Jan 21, 2023
Hydrogeology Journal, Oct 2, 2010
Water Research, Jun 1, 2019
Environmental Chemistry, 2016
Hydrogeology Journal, Nov 30, 2022
Coastal aquifers provide water for over one billion people worldwide; however, they face seawater... more Coastal aquifers provide water for over one billion people worldwide; however, they face seawater intrusion due to overpumping. The current and future challenges of coastal aquifer management involve issues such as climate change and the control of abstraction and recharge. Different management approaches are being used globally to prevent aquifer salinization. This essay presents the challenges and possible solutions while also discussing the different approaches and their needs for improvement.
Goldschmidt2021 abstracts, 2021
It is widely accepted that the generation of arc magmas is triggered by fluids released from the ... more It is widely accepted that the generation of arc magmas is triggered by fluids released from the subducting slab and by their interaction with the overlying mantle wedge [1]. The major lithologies involved in devolatilization are pelites, hydrothermally altered basalts, and serpentinized harzburgites. Thermodynamic calculations and experiments predict that HP fluids are dominated by H2O. Nevertheless, the importance of carbon species has been highlighted in the last years because of the relevant CO2 content of arc magmas and the observation of carbon-bearing phases in mantle-wedge peridotites. Experiments have shown that the release of volatiles extends over several tens of km depths and result from a succession of continuous and discontinuous reactions involving hydrous phases in the subducted lithosphere, such as antigorite and chlorite in ultramafics; amphibole, lawsonite, zoisite, and chloritoid in mafic rocks. Phengite and biotite are involved in melting reactions of a variety ...
Frontiers in Microbiology, Jul 27, 2023
Limnology and Oceanography, Jul 1, 2011
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by sulfate has been recognized as a critical process to main... more Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by sulfate has been recognized as a critical process to maintain this greenhouse gas stability by limiting methane flux to the atmosphere. We show geochemical evidence for AOM in deep lake sediments and demonstrate that AOM is likely driven by iron (Fe) reduction. Pore-water profiles from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee, Israel) show that this sink for methane is located below the 20-cm depth in the sediment, which is well below the depths at which nitrate and sulfate are completely exhausted, as well as below the zone of methanogenesis. Iron-dependant AOM was verified by Fe(III)-amended mesocosm studies using intact sediment cores, and native iron oxides were detectable throughout the sediments. Because anaerobic Fe(III) respiration is thermodynamically more favorable than both sulfate-dependent methanotrophy and methanogenesis, its occurrence below the zone of methane production supports the idea that reduction of sedimentary iron oxides is kinetically or biologically limited. Similar conditions are likely to prevail in other incompletely pyritized aquatic sediments, indicating that AOM with Fe(III) is an important global sink for methane.
Frontiers in Marine Science, Sep 15, 2022
Iron oxides impact sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in diffusion-dominated marine se... more Iron oxides impact sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in diffusion-dominated marine sediments.
Goldschmidt Abstracts, 2020
Biogeosciences, Aug 23, 2019
Biogeosciences, Mar 23, 2021
Geobiology, Jun 1, 2007
We use the carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of pore f... more We use the carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of pore fluids from Leg 175 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) along the West African Margin to quantify rates of methane production (methanogenesis) and destruction via oxidation (methanotrophy) in deep-sea sediments. Results from a model of diffusion and reaction in the sedimentary column show that anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) occurs in the transition zone between the presence of sulfate and methane, and methanogenesis occurs below these depths in a narrow confined zone that ends at about 250 m below the sea-sediments surface in all sediment profiles. Our model suggests that the rates of methanogenesis and AOM range between 6 • 10 − 8 and 1 • 10 − 10 mol cm − 3 year − 1 at all sites, with higher rates at sites where sulfate is depleted in shallower depths. Our AOM rates agree with those based solely on sulfate concentration profiles, but are much lower than those calculated from experiments of sulfate reduction through AOM done under laboratory conditions. At sites where the total organic carbon (TOC) is less than 5% of the total sediment, we calculate that AOM is the main pathway for sulfate reduction. We calculate that higher rates of AOM are associated with increased recrystallization rates of carbonate minerals. We do not find a correlation between methanogenesis rates and the content of carbonate or TOC in the sediments, porosity, sedimentation rate, or the C:N ratio, and the cause of lack of methanogenesis below a certain depth is not clear. There does, however, appear to be an association between the rates of methanogenesis and the location of the site in the upwelling system, suggesting that some variable such as the type of the organic matter or the nature of the microbiological community may be important.
Goldschmidt2022 abstracts, 2022
Limnology and Oceanography, Jul 1, 2011
Hydrogeology Journal, Jan 21, 2023
Hydrogeology Journal, Oct 2, 2010
Water Research, Jun 1, 2019
Environmental Chemistry, 2016
Hydrogeology Journal, Nov 30, 2022
Coastal aquifers provide water for over one billion people worldwide; however, they face seawater... more Coastal aquifers provide water for over one billion people worldwide; however, they face seawater intrusion due to overpumping. The current and future challenges of coastal aquifer management involve issues such as climate change and the control of abstraction and recharge. Different management approaches are being used globally to prevent aquifer salinization. This essay presents the challenges and possible solutions while also discussing the different approaches and their needs for improvement.
Goldschmidt2021 abstracts, 2021
It is widely accepted that the generation of arc magmas is triggered by fluids released from the ... more It is widely accepted that the generation of arc magmas is triggered by fluids released from the subducting slab and by their interaction with the overlying mantle wedge [1]. The major lithologies involved in devolatilization are pelites, hydrothermally altered basalts, and serpentinized harzburgites. Thermodynamic calculations and experiments predict that HP fluids are dominated by H2O. Nevertheless, the importance of carbon species has been highlighted in the last years because of the relevant CO2 content of arc magmas and the observation of carbon-bearing phases in mantle-wedge peridotites. Experiments have shown that the release of volatiles extends over several tens of km depths and result from a succession of continuous and discontinuous reactions involving hydrous phases in the subducted lithosphere, such as antigorite and chlorite in ultramafics; amphibole, lawsonite, zoisite, and chloritoid in mafic rocks. Phengite and biotite are involved in melting reactions of a variety ...
Frontiers in Microbiology, Jul 27, 2023
Limnology and Oceanography, Jul 1, 2011
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by sulfate has been recognized as a critical process to main... more Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) by sulfate has been recognized as a critical process to maintain this greenhouse gas stability by limiting methane flux to the atmosphere. We show geochemical evidence for AOM in deep lake sediments and demonstrate that AOM is likely driven by iron (Fe) reduction. Pore-water profiles from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee, Israel) show that this sink for methane is located below the 20-cm depth in the sediment, which is well below the depths at which nitrate and sulfate are completely exhausted, as well as below the zone of methanogenesis. Iron-dependant AOM was verified by Fe(III)-amended mesocosm studies using intact sediment cores, and native iron oxides were detectable throughout the sediments. Because anaerobic Fe(III) respiration is thermodynamically more favorable than both sulfate-dependent methanotrophy and methanogenesis, its occurrence below the zone of methane production supports the idea that reduction of sedimentary iron oxides is kinetically or biologically limited. Similar conditions are likely to prevail in other incompletely pyritized aquatic sediments, indicating that AOM with Fe(III) is an important global sink for methane.
Frontiers in Marine Science, Sep 15, 2022
Iron oxides impact sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in diffusion-dominated marine se... more Iron oxides impact sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in diffusion-dominated marine sediments.
Goldschmidt Abstracts, 2020
Biogeosciences, Aug 23, 2019