G. Srinivasu | Bhagwant University (original) (raw)

Papers by G. Srinivasu

International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to prov... more In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to providing solutions for mathematical problems in wireless communications, by using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. This paper initially presents a short background on AI, CEM, and the role of AI / ML / DL in antennas. A study on ML / DL algorithms and the optimization techniques of antenna parameters using various ML / DL algorithms are presented. Finally, the application areas of AI in antennas are illustrated.

IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2020

2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2020

This paper describes the analysis and design of a hexagon slotted UWB monopole for spectrum sensi... more This paper describes the analysis and design of a hexagon slotted UWB monopole for spectrum sensing in the band 3.1-10.6GHz, which is FCC proposed unlicensed UWB range. It is a key module for implementing CR in 3.1-10.6GHz. The design is customized on the substrate (FR4) with size of 29times23times1.6mathrmmm329\times 23\times 1.6\mathrm{mm}^{3}29times23times1.6mathrmmm3. It achieves mathrmS11leq−10mathrmdB\mathrm{S}_{11}\leq-10\mathrm{dB}mathrmS11leq−10mathrmdB in 2.29GHz-12.61GHz. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 3.1GHz and 4.2dBi as highest peak gain at 10.6GHz. Also, the analysis of optimized grounds with various slots in ground and patch is presented. This design is modeled using HFSS solver. The simulated mathrmS11\mathrm{S}_{11}mathrmS11 is favourable with the measured mathrmS11\mathrm{S}_{11}mathrmS11.

2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2020

The proposed article discusses the design analysis of the Luna shaped UWB monopole for monitoring... more The proposed article discusses the design analysis of the Luna shaped UWB monopole for monitoring spectrum in the band 3.1GHz-10.6GHz. It is a key antenna module for the development of Cognitive Radio in 3.1GHz- 10.6GHz. This design is produced on the substrate (FR4) of 27×22×1.6mm3. It results in S11 ≤ -10dB from 2.39GHz- 12.52GHz. It observes 96% as highest radiation efficiency at the frequency 3.1GHz and 4.224dBi as maximum peak gain at 8.9GHz. The study of modified grounds, various types of slots in the patch, and various slots in the ground are also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured S11 is compared.

2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), 2020

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a buzzing word in recent times. This technology attracted researchers du... more Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a buzzing word in recent times. This technology attracted researchers due to its features like less power consumption, low cost, high speed data transfer, multipath immunity, reliability, security, simultaneous ranging and communications. This paper discusses a planar UWB design which is printed on FR4 substrate of dimensions 49mmtimes35mmtimes1.6mm49mm\times 35mm\times 1.6mm49mmtimes35mmtimes1.6mm. It achieves less than 10dB S11 in the frequencies starting from 1.51GHz to 12.5GHz, which covers the RF bands like GSM1800, DCS1800, GSM1900, PCS1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ISM bands, LTE2600, FCC unlicensed UWB, WLAN, Wi- MAX3500, C-band, HIPERLAN and X-band. The antenna attains maximum efficiency of 97% at 1.78GHZ, highest peak gain of 4.2dBi at 7.78GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 10.99GHz. The printed prototype is tested by VNA, the measured S11 has good agreement with simulated return loss. This antenna is a good design for UWB applications like RF energy harvesting and spectrum sensing.

2020 IEEE-HYDCON, 2020

This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF e... more This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves S11 ≤ -10dB in 1.76GHz-12.23GHz, which coexists with RF bands like GSM1800 (DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of 41×30×1.6mm3. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.8GHz and 4.3dBi as highest peak gain at 9.22GHz. The comparison plots of S11 for optimized ground with different lengths are also presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

2020 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2020

The present article outlines the design and analysis of the compact wrench shaped UWB design for ... more The present article outlines the design and analysis of the compact wrench shaped UWB design for monitoring spectrum in 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. It is a key antenna module for the development of Cognitive Radio in 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. This design is produced on the FR4 substrate of 20×17×1.6mm3. It results in S11≤ −10dB from 3.08GHz to 10.62GHz. It observes 98% as highest radiation efficiency at the frequency 7.93GHz and maximum peak gain is 4.9dBi at 10.6GHz. The study of modified grounds, different types of slots in the patch and various slots in the ground are also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured S11 is compared.

2020 IEEE India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON), 2020

The specified script gives the description of a disc-shaped monopole for RF power harvesting with... more The specified script gives the description of a disc-shaped monopole for RF power harvesting within many popular bands starting from GSM1800 uplink frequency 1.71 GHz to X Band. The specified antenna senses the wasteful RF power in those bands. The FR4 material of size 42×32×1.6mm3 is chosen as substrate for prototype model. It records impedance bandwidth range 1.71GHz-12.11GHz. The radiation efficiency is highest at 1.71GHz., and peak gain is highest at 9.67GHz. They are recorded as 97%, and 5dBi respectively. The description of fractional grounds with embedded slots is given. This monopole is simulated by HFSS. The prototype model S11 concurs well with simulated design.

2020 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2020

The manuscript presents a performance analysis of compact high gain planar ultra wideband receive... more The manuscript presents a performance analysis of compact high gain planar ultra wideband receiver for RF energy scavenging in the range 1.71GHz to 12GHz. This novel band covers the majority of commercial RF bands from GSM1800 (UL: 1.71GHz to 1.785GHz) to X band. The design helps to receive the unutilized RF in those frequencies for energy scavenging. The design is adapted on the FR4 substrate with dimensions of 41×31×1.6mm3. It produces S11≤ −10dB in the range 1.71GHz to 12.14GHz, highest radiation efficiency is 97% at 1.71GHz and maximum peak gain is 5dBi at 9.56GHz. The analyses of modified grounds, different slots in the patch as well as in modified ground are studied. The proposed work is simulated using ANSYS HFSS software. The printed prototype is compared with simulated one.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GH... more Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communications, UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. In this paper requirements for the Ultra-wideband antennas for wireless system are discussed UWB applications are becoming very popular because of reliability, security and high speed data transmission over smaller distances. In these applications it is very much essential to have small size printed antennas for transmitting and receiving of UWB signals. The research into UWB transient antennas has also made significant contributions to the development and improvement of wideband continuous wave (CW) antenna designs. However, designing small size printed antennas with good performance is quite a challenging task.This paper gives a state of art on covering the areas of UWB fundamentals, antenna theory, and it focuses on UWB planar printed circuit board (PCB)...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract The microstrip antenna mainly consists of four modules. They are ground plane, dielectri... more Abstract The microstrip antenna mainly consists of four modules. They are ground plane, dielectric substrate, feed line and radiating patch. Most of time, the patch, feed line and ground plane use copper material whereas the substrate will take different dielectric materials. Hence, the antenna substrate material plays a major role on antenna performance characteristics. This paper presents different types of antenna substrate materials available and also describes the effect of FR4 substrate material on a compact Luna shaped high gain UWB antenna in the frequencies starting from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. So, this design is produced on the FR4 substrate of size 20 × 18 × 1.6 mm3. It results in S11 ≤ -10 dB from 3.09 GHz to 11.02 GHz. It observes highest radiation efficiency as 98% at 8.6 GHz and maximum peak gain as 5.68dBi at 9.7 GHz. The study of fractional grounds with different types of slots is also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured return loss is compared.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2020

This paper emphasizes on the design analysis of an octagon slotted planar circular Ultra-wideband... more This paper emphasizes on the design analysis of an octagon slotted planar circular Ultra-wideband monopole for RF energy harvesting in the band 1.71-12GHz. It coexists with many RF bands like GSM1800 (UL: 1.71-1.785GHz; DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of mathbf43timesmathbf33timesmathbf1.6mathbfmmmathbf3\mathbf{43}\times\mathbf{33}\times\mathbf{1.6}\mathbf{mm}^{\mathbf{3}}mathbf43timesmathbf33timesmathbf1.6mathbfmmmathbf3. It achieves mathbfSmathbf11leq−mathbf10dB\mathbf{S}_{\mathbf{11}}\leq-\mathbf{10dB}mathbfSmathbf11leq−mathbf10dB in 1.68GHz-12.09GHz. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.71GHz and 5dBi as highest peak gain at 8.7GHz. Also, the analysis of optimized grounds with various slots in ground and patch is presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

International journal of innovative research and development, 2013

Let k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V be a k - Vector-space, and g :k I → V a ... more Let k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V be a k - Vector-space, and g :k I → V a k-linear map. It is shown that if dim k (V) is not too large (under various hypotheses on card(k)and card(I), if it is finite, respectively less than card(k), respectively less than the continuum), then ker(g)must contain elements (u i ) i ∈I with all but finitely many components u i nonzero. These results are used to prove that every homomorphism from a direct product Π I A i of not-necessarily associative algebras A i onto an algebra B, where dim k (B) is not too large (in the same senses) is the sum of a map factoring through the projection Π I A i onto the product of finitely many of the A i , and a map into the ideal {b ∈ B |bB= Bb = {0}} ⊆ B.Detailed consequences are noted in the case where the A i are Lie algebras. A version of the above result is also obtained with the field k replaced by a commutative valuation ring. This note resembles in that the two p...

2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), 2020

As the demand of power is raising day to day, the dependency on alternate energy sources is also ... more As the demand of power is raising day to day, the dependency on alternate energy sources is also increasing. Abundant RF energy is available in the nature 24\times 7 in the form of radiation from various RF sources. Designing a miniaturized wideband or multiband antenna with good performance to capture this RF energy is need of the hour. This paper presents a compact octagon slotted circular Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves less than 10dB return loss characteristics in the frequencies ranging from 1.73GHz to 12.73GHz, which includes the RF bands like GSM1800, DCS1800, GSM1900, PCS1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ISM bands, LTE2600, FCC unlicensed UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX3500, C-band, HIPERLAN and X-band. This antenna gains an impedance bandwidth of 11GHz, maximum radiation efficiency of 98% at 1.78GHz and highest peak gain of 4.47dBi at 11.5GHz. It is printed on FR4 substrate of dimensions 36mm\times 30mm\times 1.6mm. The fabricated antenna is tested with VNA. The simulated and measured return loss results are compared and show good agreement.

Materials Today: Proceedings

2020 IEEE-HYDCON, 2020

This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF e... more This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves S11 ≤-10dB in 1.76GHz-12.23GHz, which coexists with RF bands like GSM1800 (DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of 41×30×1.6mm 3. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.8GHz and 4.3dBi as highest peak gain at 9.22GHz. The comparison plots of S11 for optimized ground with different lengths are also presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 2016

Today, the world is moving very fast because of latest technologies and its innovations. Every us... more Today, the world is moving very fast because of latest technologies and its innovations. Every user expects the best service network rather than best connected network. At the same time everyone would like to be connected seamlessly anytime anywhere. The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) must have the capability to provide high data transfer rates, quality of Services and seamless mobility. In NGWN, there are a large variety of heterogeneous networks. The users for variety of applications would like to utilize heterogeneous networks on the basis of their preferences such as real time, high availability and high bandwidth. Success of mobile communication relies on its continuous service provided to the user. It is possible only through handoff process. In this paper, we have extracted the requirements of a vertical handoff from the literature surveyed, various proposals of handoff decision strategies, the evaluation of the existing work is also being done on the basis of required parameters for vertical handoff.

International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 2017

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GH... more Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communications, UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. In this paper requirements for the Ultra-wideband antennas for wireless system are discussed UWB applications are becoming very popular because of reliability, security and high speed data transmission over smaller distances. In these applications it is very much essential to have small size printed antennas for transmitting and receiving of UWB signals. The research into UWB transient antennas has also made significant contributions to the development and improvement of wideband continuous wave (CW) antenna designs. However, designing small size printed antennas with good performance is quite a challenging task.This paper gives a state of art on covering the areas of UWB fundamentals, antenna theory, and it focuses on UWB planar printed circuit board (PCB) antenna design and analysis. It also presents a summary of key UWB antenna concepts, as well as system and network considerations, and fundamental limits for UWB antennas. These antennas can be used in many applications like 4G, wireless body area networks, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, wireless telemetry, telemedicine and RF energy harvesting. GPR, MIMO, wireless personal networks, wireless sensor networks and so on.

Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 2019

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques have recent... more Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques have recently attracting huge attention and hold a promising future to generate power to the next-generation wireless networks. As these emerging technologies enable proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices and offers various environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. The Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is an advanced way to deliver electrical energy for mobile devices. Extensive research conducted in SWIPT systems. On the other hand, most former works mainly focus on energy harvesting over a relatively narrow frequency range. RF energy has remarkable key features that make it very attractive for low-power consumer electronics and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Ambient RF energy is present in various frequency bands such as DTV (550-600MHz), LTE (750-800MHz), GSM900 (850-910MHz), GSM1800 (1850-1900MHz), UMTS (2150-2200MHz), Wi-Fi(2.4-2.45GHz), Band for radio & television applications (900MHz-2GHz), ISM (2.1-2.6GHz), UWB (3.1-10.6GHz), WLAN (3.1-4.4GHz), HIPERLAN (5.1-5.3GHz), C-BAND (4.4-5GHz) etc. The RFEH network has a sustainable power supply from a radio environment. High-efficiency rectennas for RFEH have been studied for decades, but most of the literature addresses the rectennas aiming at dedicated RF sources, antenna designs for collecting large ambient RF power, the improvement of Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) has emerged in a scattered way. Because the theoretical limit of PCE has not yet been described and the optimal rectenna structure approaching such maximum PCE is still un-investigated. Here we discuss general idea of the RF Energy Harvesting Networks (RFEHNs) including system architecture and existing applications. We also explore various key design issues in the development of RFEHNs. This summary serves as a guide for the design of RF energy harvesting units; it gives the potential to user in a new generation of the self-powered devices.

International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to prov... more In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) aided communications grabbed huge attention to providing solutions for mathematical problems in wireless communications, by using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. This paper initially presents a short background on AI, CEM, and the role of AI / ML / DL in antennas. A study on ML / DL algorithms and the optimization techniques of antenna parameters using various ML / DL algorithms are presented. Finally, the application areas of AI in antennas are illustrated.

IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2020

2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2020

This paper describes the analysis and design of a hexagon slotted UWB monopole for spectrum sensi... more This paper describes the analysis and design of a hexagon slotted UWB monopole for spectrum sensing in the band 3.1-10.6GHz, which is FCC proposed unlicensed UWB range. It is a key module for implementing CR in 3.1-10.6GHz. The design is customized on the substrate (FR4) with size of 29times23times1.6mathrmmm329\times 23\times 1.6\mathrm{mm}^{3}29times23times1.6mathrmmm3. It achieves mathrmS11leq−10mathrmdB\mathrm{S}_{11}\leq-10\mathrm{dB}mathrmS11leq−10mathrmdB in 2.29GHz-12.61GHz. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 3.1GHz and 4.2dBi as highest peak gain at 10.6GHz. Also, the analysis of optimized grounds with various slots in ground and patch is presented. This design is modeled using HFSS solver. The simulated mathrmS11\mathrm{S}_{11}mathrmS11 is favourable with the measured mathrmS11\mathrm{S}_{11}mathrmS11.

2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 2020

The proposed article discusses the design analysis of the Luna shaped UWB monopole for monitoring... more The proposed article discusses the design analysis of the Luna shaped UWB monopole for monitoring spectrum in the band 3.1GHz-10.6GHz. It is a key antenna module for the development of Cognitive Radio in 3.1GHz- 10.6GHz. This design is produced on the substrate (FR4) of 27×22×1.6mm3. It results in S11 ≤ -10dB from 2.39GHz- 12.52GHz. It observes 96% as highest radiation efficiency at the frequency 3.1GHz and 4.224dBi as maximum peak gain at 8.9GHz. The study of modified grounds, various types of slots in the patch, and various slots in the ground are also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured S11 is compared.

2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), 2020

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a buzzing word in recent times. This technology attracted researchers du... more Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is a buzzing word in recent times. This technology attracted researchers due to its features like less power consumption, low cost, high speed data transfer, multipath immunity, reliability, security, simultaneous ranging and communications. This paper discusses a planar UWB design which is printed on FR4 substrate of dimensions 49mmtimes35mmtimes1.6mm49mm\times 35mm\times 1.6mm49mmtimes35mmtimes1.6mm. It achieves less than 10dB S11 in the frequencies starting from 1.51GHz to 12.5GHz, which covers the RF bands like GSM1800, DCS1800, GSM1900, PCS1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ISM bands, LTE2600, FCC unlicensed UWB, WLAN, Wi- MAX3500, C-band, HIPERLAN and X-band. The antenna attains maximum efficiency of 97% at 1.78GHZ, highest peak gain of 4.2dBi at 7.78GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 10.99GHz. The printed prototype is tested by VNA, the measured S11 has good agreement with simulated return loss. This antenna is a good design for UWB applications like RF energy harvesting and spectrum sensing.

2020 IEEE-HYDCON, 2020

This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF e... more This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves S11 ≤ -10dB in 1.76GHz-12.23GHz, which coexists with RF bands like GSM1800 (DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of 41×30×1.6mm3. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.8GHz and 4.3dBi as highest peak gain at 9.22GHz. The comparison plots of S11 for optimized ground with different lengths are also presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

2020 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2020

The present article outlines the design and analysis of the compact wrench shaped UWB design for ... more The present article outlines the design and analysis of the compact wrench shaped UWB design for monitoring spectrum in 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. It is a key antenna module for the development of Cognitive Radio in 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz. This design is produced on the FR4 substrate of 20×17×1.6mm3. It results in S11≤ −10dB from 3.08GHz to 10.62GHz. It observes 98% as highest radiation efficiency at the frequency 7.93GHz and maximum peak gain is 4.9dBi at 10.6GHz. The study of modified grounds, different types of slots in the patch and various slots in the ground are also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured S11 is compared.

2020 IEEE India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON), 2020

The specified script gives the description of a disc-shaped monopole for RF power harvesting with... more The specified script gives the description of a disc-shaped monopole for RF power harvesting within many popular bands starting from GSM1800 uplink frequency 1.71 GHz to X Band. The specified antenna senses the wasteful RF power in those bands. The FR4 material of size 42×32×1.6mm3 is chosen as substrate for prototype model. It records impedance bandwidth range 1.71GHz-12.11GHz. The radiation efficiency is highest at 1.71GHz., and peak gain is highest at 9.67GHz. They are recorded as 97%, and 5dBi respectively. The description of fractional grounds with embedded slots is given. This monopole is simulated by HFSS. The prototype model S11 concurs well with simulated design.

2020 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2020

The manuscript presents a performance analysis of compact high gain planar ultra wideband receive... more The manuscript presents a performance analysis of compact high gain planar ultra wideband receiver for RF energy scavenging in the range 1.71GHz to 12GHz. This novel band covers the majority of commercial RF bands from GSM1800 (UL: 1.71GHz to 1.785GHz) to X band. The design helps to receive the unutilized RF in those frequencies for energy scavenging. The design is adapted on the FR4 substrate with dimensions of 41×31×1.6mm3. It produces S11≤ −10dB in the range 1.71GHz to 12.14GHz, highest radiation efficiency is 97% at 1.71GHz and maximum peak gain is 5dBi at 9.56GHz. The analyses of modified grounds, different slots in the patch as well as in modified ground are studied. The proposed work is simulated using ANSYS HFSS software. The printed prototype is compared with simulated one.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GH... more Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communications, UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. In this paper requirements for the Ultra-wideband antennas for wireless system are discussed UWB applications are becoming very popular because of reliability, security and high speed data transmission over smaller distances. In these applications it is very much essential to have small size printed antennas for transmitting and receiving of UWB signals. The research into UWB transient antennas has also made significant contributions to the development and improvement of wideband continuous wave (CW) antenna designs. However, designing small size printed antennas with good performance is quite a challenging task.This paper gives a state of art on covering the areas of UWB fundamentals, antenna theory, and it focuses on UWB planar printed circuit board (PCB)...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract The microstrip antenna mainly consists of four modules. They are ground plane, dielectri... more Abstract The microstrip antenna mainly consists of four modules. They are ground plane, dielectric substrate, feed line and radiating patch. Most of time, the patch, feed line and ground plane use copper material whereas the substrate will take different dielectric materials. Hence, the antenna substrate material plays a major role on antenna performance characteristics. This paper presents different types of antenna substrate materials available and also describes the effect of FR4 substrate material on a compact Luna shaped high gain UWB antenna in the frequencies starting from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. So, this design is produced on the FR4 substrate of size 20 × 18 × 1.6 mm3. It results in S11 ≤ -10 dB from 3.09 GHz to 11.02 GHz. It observes highest radiation efficiency as 98% at 8.6 GHz and maximum peak gain as 5.68dBi at 9.7 GHz. The study of fractional grounds with different types of slots is also shown. The simulation software used is ANSYS HFSS. The simulated and measured return loss is compared.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2020

This paper emphasizes on the design analysis of an octagon slotted planar circular Ultra-wideband... more This paper emphasizes on the design analysis of an octagon slotted planar circular Ultra-wideband monopole for RF energy harvesting in the band 1.71-12GHz. It coexists with many RF bands like GSM1800 (UL: 1.71-1.785GHz; DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of mathbf43timesmathbf33timesmathbf1.6mathbfmmmathbf3\mathbf{43}\times\mathbf{33}\times\mathbf{1.6}\mathbf{mm}^{\mathbf{3}}mathbf43timesmathbf33timesmathbf1.6mathbfmmmathbf3. It achieves mathbfSmathbf11leq−mathbf10dB\mathbf{S}_{\mathbf{11}}\leq-\mathbf{10dB}mathbfSmathbf11leq−mathbf10dB in 1.68GHz-12.09GHz. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.71GHz and 5dBi as highest peak gain at 8.7GHz. Also, the analysis of optimized grounds with various slots in ground and patch is presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

International journal of innovative research and development, 2013

Let k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V be a k - Vector-space, and g :k I → V a ... more Let k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V be a k - Vector-space, and g :k I → V a k-linear map. It is shown that if dim k (V) is not too large (under various hypotheses on card(k)and card(I), if it is finite, respectively less than card(k), respectively less than the continuum), then ker(g)must contain elements (u i ) i ∈I with all but finitely many components u i nonzero. These results are used to prove that every homomorphism from a direct product Π I A i of not-necessarily associative algebras A i onto an algebra B, where dim k (B) is not too large (in the same senses) is the sum of a map factoring through the projection Π I A i onto the product of finitely many of the A i , and a map into the ideal {b ∈ B |bB= Bb = {0}} ⊆ B.Detailed consequences are noted in the case where the A i are Lie algebras. A version of the above result is also obtained with the field k replaced by a commutative valuation ring. This note resembles in that the two p...

2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), 2020

As the demand of power is raising day to day, the dependency on alternate energy sources is also ... more As the demand of power is raising day to day, the dependency on alternate energy sources is also increasing. Abundant RF energy is available in the nature 24\times 7 in the form of radiation from various RF sources. Designing a miniaturized wideband or multiband antenna with good performance to capture this RF energy is need of the hour. This paper presents a compact octagon slotted circular Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves less than 10dB return loss characteristics in the frequencies ranging from 1.73GHz to 12.73GHz, which includes the RF bands like GSM1800, DCS1800, GSM1900, PCS1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ISM bands, LTE2600, FCC unlicensed UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX3500, C-band, HIPERLAN and X-band. This antenna gains an impedance bandwidth of 11GHz, maximum radiation efficiency of 98% at 1.78GHz and highest peak gain of 4.47dBi at 11.5GHz. It is printed on FR4 substrate of dimensions 36mm\times 30mm\times 1.6mm. The fabricated antenna is tested with VNA. The simulated and measured return loss results are compared and show good agreement.

Materials Today: Proceedings

2020 IEEE-HYDCON, 2020

This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF e... more This paper reports the design of a planar circular monopole Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for RF energy harvesting. It achieves S11 ≤-10dB in 1.76GHz-12.23GHz, which coexists with RF bands like GSM1800 (DL: 1.805-1.88GHz), UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi, ISM, UWB, WLAN, Wi-MAX and X-band. This antenna helps to capture the unused RF energy in these bands for harvesting purposes. The structure is tailored on the substrate (FR4) with size of 41×30×1.6mm 3. It shows 97% as maximum radiation efficiency at 1.8GHz and 4.3dBi as highest peak gain at 9.22GHz. The comparison plots of S11 for optimized ground with different lengths are also presented. This structure is modeled using HFSS solver. The fabricated structure is validated reasonably.

International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 2016

Today, the world is moving very fast because of latest technologies and its innovations. Every us... more Today, the world is moving very fast because of latest technologies and its innovations. Every user expects the best service network rather than best connected network. At the same time everyone would like to be connected seamlessly anytime anywhere. The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) must have the capability to provide high data transfer rates, quality of Services and seamless mobility. In NGWN, there are a large variety of heterogeneous networks. The users for variety of applications would like to utilize heterogeneous networks on the basis of their preferences such as real time, high availability and high bandwidth. Success of mobile communication relies on its continuous service provided to the user. It is possible only through handoff process. In this paper, we have extracted the requirements of a vertical handoff from the literature surveyed, various proposals of handoff decision strategies, the evaluation of the existing work is also being done on the basis of required parameters for vertical handoff.

International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 2017

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GH... more Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allotted a bandwidth of 7.5GHz (from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communications, UWB is rapidly advancing as a high data rate wireless communication technology. In this paper requirements for the Ultra-wideband antennas for wireless system are discussed UWB applications are becoming very popular because of reliability, security and high speed data transmission over smaller distances. In these applications it is very much essential to have small size printed antennas for transmitting and receiving of UWB signals. The research into UWB transient antennas has also made significant contributions to the development and improvement of wideband continuous wave (CW) antenna designs. However, designing small size printed antennas with good performance is quite a challenging task.This paper gives a state of art on covering the areas of UWB fundamentals, antenna theory, and it focuses on UWB planar printed circuit board (PCB) antenna design and analysis. It also presents a summary of key UWB antenna concepts, as well as system and network considerations, and fundamental limits for UWB antennas. These antennas can be used in many applications like 4G, wireless body area networks, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, wireless telemetry, telemedicine and RF energy harvesting. GPR, MIMO, wireless personal networks, wireless sensor networks and so on.

Journal of Applied Science and Computations, 2019

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques have recent... more Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques have recently attracting huge attention and hold a promising future to generate power to the next-generation wireless networks. As these emerging technologies enable proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices and offers various environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. The Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is an advanced way to deliver electrical energy for mobile devices. Extensive research conducted in SWIPT systems. On the other hand, most former works mainly focus on energy harvesting over a relatively narrow frequency range. RF energy has remarkable key features that make it very attractive for low-power consumer electronics and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Ambient RF energy is present in various frequency bands such as DTV (550-600MHz), LTE (750-800MHz), GSM900 (850-910MHz), GSM1800 (1850-1900MHz), UMTS (2150-2200MHz), Wi-Fi(2.4-2.45GHz), Band for radio & television applications (900MHz-2GHz), ISM (2.1-2.6GHz), UWB (3.1-10.6GHz), WLAN (3.1-4.4GHz), HIPERLAN (5.1-5.3GHz), C-BAND (4.4-5GHz) etc. The RFEH network has a sustainable power supply from a radio environment. High-efficiency rectennas for RFEH have been studied for decades, but most of the literature addresses the rectennas aiming at dedicated RF sources, antenna designs for collecting large ambient RF power, the improvement of Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) has emerged in a scattered way. Because the theoretical limit of PCE has not yet been described and the optimal rectenna structure approaching such maximum PCE is still un-investigated. Here we discuss general idea of the RF Energy Harvesting Networks (RFEHNs) including system architecture and existing applications. We also explore various key design issues in the development of RFEHNs. This summary serves as a guide for the design of RF energy harvesting units; it gives the potential to user in a new generation of the self-powered devices.