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Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3 of Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

Additional file 3. Participant Information Sheet.

Research paper thumbnail of Realising the right to equal recognition for disabled people: commissioning statutory advocacy in England

Disability & Society, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Co-production partners

 Always work closely with other services (health, housing, benefits) and consider joint commissi... more  Always work closely with other services (health, housing, benefits) and consider joint commissioning arrangements to minimise advocacy 'silos'.  Because demand and funding will fluctuate, you should be flexible about procurement and contractual arrangements. However, it remains essential to set clear expectations for providers and practitioners as part of the process of promoting the independent advocacy duties set out in the Care Act.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience-based investigation and codesign of approaches to prevent and reduce Mental Health Act use (CO-PACT): a protocol

BMJ Open, 2022

IntroductionThe Independent Review of the Mental Health Act (MHA) in England and Wales confirmed ... more IntroductionThe Independent Review of the Mental Health Act (MHA) in England and Wales confirmed increasing levels of compulsory detentions, especially for racialised communities. This research aims to: (a) understand the causes of and propose preventive opportunities to reduce the disproportionate use of the MHA, (b) use an adapted form of experience-based codesign (EBCD) to facilitate system-wide changes and (c) foreground the voices of service users at risk of detention to radically reform policy and implement new legislation to ensure the principles of equity are retained.Methods and analysisThis is a qualitative study, using a comparative case study design. This study is composed of five work packages; photovoice workshops will be conducted in eight local systems with service users and healthcare professionals separately (WP1); a series of three EBCD workshops in each local system to develop approaches that reduce detentions and improve the experience of people from racialised ...

Research paper thumbnail of Blowin’ in the wind: The involvement of people who use services, carers and the public in health and social care

Dismantling the NHS?, 2017

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is often framed in terms of addressing the democratic defici... more Patient and public involvement (PPI) is often framed in terms of addressing the democratic deficit in the NHS but in England, since 2000, it has become increasingly aligned with the reform of the NHS to become patient centred by enabling people to exercise choice as a right and responsibility across all aspects of healthcare. Since then, there has been a rapid diversification of approaches to and methods for PPI, which experienced organisational turbulence under the Labour administration. This chapter discusses the evolution of PPI in England before 2010, and it examines the Coalition’s reforms of PPI, and the implications of these reforms.

Research paper thumbnail of Direct payments and mental health

Research paper thumbnail of Cash in their hands

Mental health today (Brighton, England), 2005

Research paper thumbnail of The Right to be Heard! Review of the quality of mental health advocacy in England

Research paper thumbnail of Mainstreaming Gender Equality to Improve Women’s Mental Health in England

The Psychology of Gender and Health

Two approaches to addressing women's mental health issues emerged in England from the 1970s o... more Two approaches to addressing women's mental health issues emerged in England from the 1970s onwards. The initial efforts were on the provision of woman-centered alternatives to mainstream mental health services, including psychology and psychiatry. The past 20 years have seen initiatives to reform mainstream services to increase their sensitivity to the needs of women and to provide gender-specific services, which offer women safety and enable them to address particular issues in relation to abuse, for example. This gained momentum with policy initiatives in England in the early 2000s and for nearly 10 years provided a focus for service development in mental health. In this chapter, I consider the origins of mainstreaming as a national policy initiative in England, describe the initiatives that were promoted and reflect on both the progress that was made and its limitations. I conclude with the implications for mainstreaming as an approach to transforming psychiatry, psychology, and mental health services by promoting gender equality.

Research paper thumbnail of Blowin’ in the wind

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

BMC Health Services Research

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic disease management from a lifestyle perspective: A critical commentary: Annals of the Global Health Equity Foundation 2014: Chronic Diseases and the Equity Challenge

Health & Social Care in The Community, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualising Mental Wellbeing: Chinese and Pakistani Communities in Scotland

Research paper thumbnail of Commissioning for better outcomes: a route map

Research paper thumbnail of Mental Health in the West Midlands: A Report for the West Midlands Combined Authority

Research paper thumbnail of Independent mental health advocacy: still cooling out the mark?

Independent mental health advocacy is about more than just an exercise in placating people with m... more Independent mental health advocacy is about more than just an exercise in placating people with mental ill health, it can empower them.

Research paper thumbnail of Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

BMC Health Services Research

Background Inpatient psychiatric care is unpopular and expensive, and development and evaluation ... more Background Inpatient psychiatric care is unpopular and expensive, and development and evaluation of alternatives is a long-standing policy and research priority around the world. In England, the three main models documented over the past fifty years (teams offering crisis assessment and treatment at home; acute day units; and residential crisis services in the community) have recently been augmented by several new service models. These are intended to enhance choice and flexibility within catchment area acute care systems, but remain largely undocumented in the research literature. We therefore aimed to describe the types and distribution of crisis care models across England through a national survey. Methods We carried out comprehensive mapping of crisis resolution teams (CRTs) using previous surveys, websites and multiple official data sources. Managers of CRTs were invited to participate as key informants who were familiar with the provision and organisation of crisis care servic...

Research paper thumbnail of The contribution of the voluntary sector to mental health crisis care: a mixed-methods study

Health Services and Delivery Research

Background Weaknesses in the provision of mental health crisis support are evident and improvemen... more Background Weaknesses in the provision of mental health crisis support are evident and improvements that include voluntary sector provision are promoted. There is a lack of evidence regarding the contribution of the voluntary sector and how this might be used to the best effect in mental health crisis care. Aim To investigate the contribution of voluntary sector organisations to mental health crisis care in England. Design Multimethod sequential design with a comparative case study. Setting England, with four case studies in North England, East England, the Midlands and London. Method The method included a scoping literature review, a national survey of 1612 voluntary sector organisations, interviews with 27 national stakeholders and detailed mapping of the voluntary sector organisation provision in two regions (the north and south of England) to develop a taxonomy of voluntary sector organisations and to select four case studies. The case studies examined voluntary sector organisat...

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between psychosocial circumstances and injuries in adolescents: An analysis of 87,269 individuals from 26 countries using the Global School-based Student Health Survey

PLOS Medicine

Background Over a million adolescents die globally each year from preventable or treatable causes... more Background Over a million adolescents die globally each year from preventable or treatable causes, with injuries (intentional and unintentional) being the leading cause of these deaths. To inform strategies to prevent these injuries, we aimed to assess psychosocial factors associated with serious injury occurrence, type, and mechanism in adolescents. Methods and findings We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from the Global School-based Student Health Survey between 2009 and 2015. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between prevalence of serious injuries, injury type (effects of injury), and injury mechanism (cause of injury) and psychosocial factors (factors that relate to individuals socially, or their thoughts or behaviour, or the interrelation between these variables). Psychosocial factors were categorised, based on review of the literature, author knowledge, and discussion amongst authors. The categories were markers of risk...

Research paper thumbnail of Epistemic struggles: The role of advocacy in promoting epistemic justice and rights in mental health

Social Science & Medicine

Advocacy for people using health and social care services is widely promoted but its theoretical ... more Advocacy for people using health and social care services is widely promoted but its theoretical foundation is underdeveloped and its impact poorly conceptualised. This paper explores the liberatory potential of independent advocacy, using Fricker's concept of 'epistemic injustice' as a framework. People experiencing mental distress are particularly vulnerable to epistemic injustices as a consequence of deeply embedded social stigma resulting in a priori assumptions of irrationality and unreliability such that their knowledge is often discounted or downgraded. The mental health service user/survivor movement is at the forefront of validating personal experience and narrative to secure a different ontological and epistemological basis for mental distress. A foundational strand of this is advocacy to enable people to give voice to their experience. The case of independent mental health advocacy (IMHA) services under mental health legislation in England, provides an opportunity to critically examine whether advocacy can promote epistemic justice as a result of the legally sanctioned encounter between clinical assessment and subjective experience, pivoting on judgements about risk. This paper draws on empirical data from a national evaluation of IMHA services, which included 90 individual interviews with people subject to detention and three focus groups with mental health service users. Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice is used as a lens to investigate how this type of advocacy might mitigate forms of epistemic injustice, and thereby promote greater social justice in mental health. The concept of epistemic injustice provides a valuable theoretical basis for understanding the worth of advocacy in addressing testimonial injustice as well as its relative weakness in overcoming hermeneutical injustice. The challenge of independent advocacy to the dominant discourse within mental health is considered and questions raised about the place of advocacy in modern democratic mental health systems.

Research paper thumbnail of Additional file 3 of Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

Additional file 3. Participant Information Sheet.

Research paper thumbnail of Realising the right to equal recognition for disabled people: commissioning statutory advocacy in England

Disability & Society, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Co-production partners

 Always work closely with other services (health, housing, benefits) and consider joint commissi... more  Always work closely with other services (health, housing, benefits) and consider joint commissioning arrangements to minimise advocacy 'silos'.  Because demand and funding will fluctuate, you should be flexible about procurement and contractual arrangements. However, it remains essential to set clear expectations for providers and practitioners as part of the process of promoting the independent advocacy duties set out in the Care Act.

Research paper thumbnail of Experience-based investigation and codesign of approaches to prevent and reduce Mental Health Act use (CO-PACT): a protocol

BMJ Open, 2022

IntroductionThe Independent Review of the Mental Health Act (MHA) in England and Wales confirmed ... more IntroductionThe Independent Review of the Mental Health Act (MHA) in England and Wales confirmed increasing levels of compulsory detentions, especially for racialised communities. This research aims to: (a) understand the causes of and propose preventive opportunities to reduce the disproportionate use of the MHA, (b) use an adapted form of experience-based codesign (EBCD) to facilitate system-wide changes and (c) foreground the voices of service users at risk of detention to radically reform policy and implement new legislation to ensure the principles of equity are retained.Methods and analysisThis is a qualitative study, using a comparative case study design. This study is composed of five work packages; photovoice workshops will be conducted in eight local systems with service users and healthcare professionals separately (WP1); a series of three EBCD workshops in each local system to develop approaches that reduce detentions and improve the experience of people from racialised ...

Research paper thumbnail of Blowin’ in the wind: The involvement of people who use services, carers and the public in health and social care

Dismantling the NHS?, 2017

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is often framed in terms of addressing the democratic defici... more Patient and public involvement (PPI) is often framed in terms of addressing the democratic deficit in the NHS but in England, since 2000, it has become increasingly aligned with the reform of the NHS to become patient centred by enabling people to exercise choice as a right and responsibility across all aspects of healthcare. Since then, there has been a rapid diversification of approaches to and methods for PPI, which experienced organisational turbulence under the Labour administration. This chapter discusses the evolution of PPI in England before 2010, and it examines the Coalition’s reforms of PPI, and the implications of these reforms.

Research paper thumbnail of Direct payments and mental health

Research paper thumbnail of Cash in their hands

Mental health today (Brighton, England), 2005

Research paper thumbnail of The Right to be Heard! Review of the quality of mental health advocacy in England

Research paper thumbnail of Mainstreaming Gender Equality to Improve Women’s Mental Health in England

The Psychology of Gender and Health

Two approaches to addressing women's mental health issues emerged in England from the 1970s o... more Two approaches to addressing women's mental health issues emerged in England from the 1970s onwards. The initial efforts were on the provision of woman-centered alternatives to mainstream mental health services, including psychology and psychiatry. The past 20 years have seen initiatives to reform mainstream services to increase their sensitivity to the needs of women and to provide gender-specific services, which offer women safety and enable them to address particular issues in relation to abuse, for example. This gained momentum with policy initiatives in England in the early 2000s and for nearly 10 years provided a focus for service development in mental health. In this chapter, I consider the origins of mainstreaming as a national policy initiative in England, describe the initiatives that were promoted and reflect on both the progress that was made and its limitations. I conclude with the implications for mainstreaming as an approach to transforming psychiatry, psychology, and mental health services by promoting gender equality.

Research paper thumbnail of Blowin’ in the wind

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

BMC Health Services Research

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic disease management from a lifestyle perspective: A critical commentary: Annals of the Global Health Equity Foundation 2014: Chronic Diseases and the Equity Challenge

Health & Social Care in The Community, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Conceptualising Mental Wellbeing: Chinese and Pakistani Communities in Scotland

Research paper thumbnail of Commissioning for better outcomes: a route map

Research paper thumbnail of Mental Health in the West Midlands: A Report for the West Midlands Combined Authority

Research paper thumbnail of Independent mental health advocacy: still cooling out the mark?

Independent mental health advocacy is about more than just an exercise in placating people with m... more Independent mental health advocacy is about more than just an exercise in placating people with mental ill health, it can empower them.

Research paper thumbnail of Emerging models and trends in mental health crisis care in England: a national investigation of crisis care systems

BMC Health Services Research

Background Inpatient psychiatric care is unpopular and expensive, and development and evaluation ... more Background Inpatient psychiatric care is unpopular and expensive, and development and evaluation of alternatives is a long-standing policy and research priority around the world. In England, the three main models documented over the past fifty years (teams offering crisis assessment and treatment at home; acute day units; and residential crisis services in the community) have recently been augmented by several new service models. These are intended to enhance choice and flexibility within catchment area acute care systems, but remain largely undocumented in the research literature. We therefore aimed to describe the types and distribution of crisis care models across England through a national survey. Methods We carried out comprehensive mapping of crisis resolution teams (CRTs) using previous surveys, websites and multiple official data sources. Managers of CRTs were invited to participate as key informants who were familiar with the provision and organisation of crisis care servic...

Research paper thumbnail of The contribution of the voluntary sector to mental health crisis care: a mixed-methods study

Health Services and Delivery Research

Background Weaknesses in the provision of mental health crisis support are evident and improvemen... more Background Weaknesses in the provision of mental health crisis support are evident and improvements that include voluntary sector provision are promoted. There is a lack of evidence regarding the contribution of the voluntary sector and how this might be used to the best effect in mental health crisis care. Aim To investigate the contribution of voluntary sector organisations to mental health crisis care in England. Design Multimethod sequential design with a comparative case study. Setting England, with four case studies in North England, East England, the Midlands and London. Method The method included a scoping literature review, a national survey of 1612 voluntary sector organisations, interviews with 27 national stakeholders and detailed mapping of the voluntary sector organisation provision in two regions (the north and south of England) to develop a taxonomy of voluntary sector organisations and to select four case studies. The case studies examined voluntary sector organisat...

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship between psychosocial circumstances and injuries in adolescents: An analysis of 87,269 individuals from 26 countries using the Global School-based Student Health Survey

PLOS Medicine

Background Over a million adolescents die globally each year from preventable or treatable causes... more Background Over a million adolescents die globally each year from preventable or treatable causes, with injuries (intentional and unintentional) being the leading cause of these deaths. To inform strategies to prevent these injuries, we aimed to assess psychosocial factors associated with serious injury occurrence, type, and mechanism in adolescents. Methods and findings We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from the Global School-based Student Health Survey between 2009 and 2015. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between prevalence of serious injuries, injury type (effects of injury), and injury mechanism (cause of injury) and psychosocial factors (factors that relate to individuals socially, or their thoughts or behaviour, or the interrelation between these variables). Psychosocial factors were categorised, based on review of the literature, author knowledge, and discussion amongst authors. The categories were markers of risk...

Research paper thumbnail of Epistemic struggles: The role of advocacy in promoting epistemic justice and rights in mental health

Social Science & Medicine

Advocacy for people using health and social care services is widely promoted but its theoretical ... more Advocacy for people using health and social care services is widely promoted but its theoretical foundation is underdeveloped and its impact poorly conceptualised. This paper explores the liberatory potential of independent advocacy, using Fricker's concept of 'epistemic injustice' as a framework. People experiencing mental distress are particularly vulnerable to epistemic injustices as a consequence of deeply embedded social stigma resulting in a priori assumptions of irrationality and unreliability such that their knowledge is often discounted or downgraded. The mental health service user/survivor movement is at the forefront of validating personal experience and narrative to secure a different ontological and epistemological basis for mental distress. A foundational strand of this is advocacy to enable people to give voice to their experience. The case of independent mental health advocacy (IMHA) services under mental health legislation in England, provides an opportunity to critically examine whether advocacy can promote epistemic justice as a result of the legally sanctioned encounter between clinical assessment and subjective experience, pivoting on judgements about risk. This paper draws on empirical data from a national evaluation of IMHA services, which included 90 individual interviews with people subject to detention and three focus groups with mental health service users. Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice is used as a lens to investigate how this type of advocacy might mitigate forms of epistemic injustice, and thereby promote greater social justice in mental health. The concept of epistemic injustice provides a valuable theoretical basis for understanding the worth of advocacy in addressing testimonial injustice as well as its relative weakness in overcoming hermeneutical injustice. The challenge of independent advocacy to the dominant discourse within mental health is considered and questions raised about the place of advocacy in modern democratic mental health systems.