Kishore Mahendra M Joshi | BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY (original) (raw)

Papers by Kishore Mahendra M Joshi

Access, participation and exclusion from higher education for marginalized and disadvantaged sect... more Access, participation and exclusion from higher education for marginalized and disadvantaged sections of the population is an intricate socio-political as well as economic practice that has manifold explanations and outcomes. During the last three decades, the higher education has experienced expansion in both enrollments and institutions. The approaches and means of delivery has changed besides the diversification in provision. The role of the state and market has also reformed. This characteristic has also altered the nature of equity in higher education across the globe. The chapters of this book on different countries of Asia, Europe and Latin America examine access and describe the several spaces where cohorts of relevant age group are included, excluded, or are at threat of exclusion in higher education. The chapters also narrate the state of affairs in which despite numerous alike structure in the experience and outcomes of social exclusion across disenfranchised groups and regions, how some critical differences have led to different paths of struggles and policy formation to attain the objective of equity in higher education.

The paper discourses on the state of access and participation of tribals in higher education.

This book 'Private Higher Education : A Global Perspective' provides a comparative priva... more This book 'Private Higher Education : A Global
Perspective' provides a comparative private higher education
system literature covering thirteen countries. In context of
these countries, the country chapters focuses on history of
higher education (private and public), structure of higher
education, current status of higher education, factors
responsible for private sector growth/privatization (forms and
types of private higher education, status of private higher
education, private higher education and role of the State (in
terms of control, regulation and governance). Besides these
issues, the volume also deliberates quality and equity in
context of private higher education, and future notes on private
higher education.

This book provides comparative higher education governance literature covering eleven countries. ... more This book provides comparative higher education governance literature covering eleven countries. In
context of these countries, the country chapters focuses
on history of higher education (private and public),
structure of higher education, current status of higher
education, the national framework and structure of higher
education governance, the external and internal
governance, financing of higher education and funding
mechanism, stakeholders role and institutional
governance, and the influence of laws and regulations in
managing the system. In brief, it throws insight on how
higher education systems are managed. The autonomy,
accountability and power sharing with regard to
institutional operation which is crucial to the internal and
external efficiency has also been discussed in the
chapters.

The paper discusses the governance in context of financing, efficiency, equity and quality in Ind... more The paper discusses the governance in context of financing, efficiency, equity and quality in Indian higher education.

During more than six decades since independence, Indian higher education has undergone remarkable... more During more than six decades since independence, Indian higher education has undergone remarkable transformation from an elite to a mass system. Today, India possesses a very large and diverse higher education system with programmes in almost all areas of traditional and modern learning. Despite this growth, the issue of deteriorating quality and social inequity in access is still persisting. An insight into prospective higher education demand stresses an explicit focus on the supply parameters that influence the higher education from the perspectives of various stakeholders. These supply parameters include not only sources and quantity but also quality and access. With the increase in the number of students who complete higher secondary schooling, the transition rate from secondary to higher education in absolute terms is also increasing. The demand from disadvantaged groups will rise dramatically through their increased participation along with women.

Books by Kishore Mahendra M Joshi

It is widely recognised that higher education promotes social and economic development by enhanci... more It is widely recognised that higher education promotes social and economic development by enhancing human and technical capabilities of society. Technical change and institutional change are key components of development. Higher education plays an important role in facilitating these changes by incorporating all of the various demographics of the population. In contemporary lifelong-learning framework, higher education provides not only the high-level skills to address labor market demand but also the training essential for skilled manpower. The higher education expansion is a universal phenomenon in which there has been a great enhancement in the number of students. The trend is more tangible in developing nations. With rise in the primary and secondary education graduates, numerous aspire to keep on to acquire a degree. The real incomes in developing countries have also been rising, resulting in higher education within the reach of an increasing number of population segments. Globalization has developed a powerful impact on the development of higher education and imposes new challenges for the organization (standards, financing, regulations). Systems of higher education tend to detach from the national models and adopt a more "global" orientation. Private higher education institutions, once a trivial fragment of the higher education landscape, have today occupied a substantial share of the market and have recognized themselves as legitimate and viable stakeholders in the postsecondary education. Private Higher education is expanding faster than the public sector. The growth of private sector incorporates the variety of institutions and offerings the sector provides. Private higher education varies considerably in forms, in status and in terms of reference for legislation. The proliferation of the public or private institutions or both reflects mixed outcomes with regard to accomplishment of increasing equity in terms of access to higher education. Enhancement in access does not always address the equity issue. The issues of quality, governance and financing present a diversified and heterogeneous landscape of tertiary education across nations. The 'Perspectives on Higher Education' series aims to address all these issues in global context and in comparative fashion to comprehend the various relevant perspectives of higher education through contributions of leading scholars, planners and administrators. The editorial board of this series welcomes proposals from leading academicians from different countries to publish edited books on relevant areas of higher education, which could contribute to the knowledge and understanding of tertiary education in a broader framework. All the contributions made by individuals in this series are peer reviewed.

Access, participation and exclusion from higher education for marginalized and disadvan¬taged sec... more Access, participation and exclusion from higher education for marginalized and disadvan¬taged sections of the population are an intricate socio-political as well as economic practice that has manifold explanations and outcomes. During the last three decades, the higher education has experienced expansion in both enrolments and institutions. The approaches and means of delivery have changed besides the diversification in provision. The role of the state and mar¬ket has also reformed. This characteristic has also altered the nature of equity in higher edu¬cation across the globe. The chapters of this book on different countries of Asia, Europe and Latin America examine access and describe the several spaces where cohorts of relevant age group are included, excluded, or are at threat of exclusion in higher education. The chapters also narrate the state of affairs in which despite numerous alike structure in the experience and outcomes of social exclusion across disenfranchised groups and regions, how some critical differences have led to different paths of struggles and policy formation to attain the objective of equity in higher education.

Higher education across natinal has been frnting histrionic changes as witnessed particularly dur... more Higher education across natinal has been frnting histrionic changes as witnessed particularly during last three recent decades. The higher education has experienced expansion in both enrollments in provision. The role of the State and market has also altered. The funding mechanism has also changed and institutions are under pressure to explore diversified sources of revenue and reduce the dependence on state funding. The effects of these deviations and challenges on governance are varied.

The chapters in this book discourses how the higher education is governed in a particular region and setup. It debates in what way and how the governance of higher education is influenced by the legislative framework, the features of the institutions, funding mechanism, the varied stakeholders and their further autonomy as well as accountability.

The book provides an original and broad look at higher education governance across 11 countries, contributing to comparative higher education governance literature on Canada, Greece, Spain, Argentina, Mexico, France, Poland, Japan, India, Vietnam and Malaysia.

Private higher education institutions, once a trivial fragment of the higher education landscape,... more Private higher education institutions, once a trivial fragment of the higher education landscape, have today occupied a substantial share of the market and have recognized themselves as legitimate and viable stakeholders in the post secondary education. The private higher education across nations is not homogeneous. There are institutions for profit and non-profit with differentiated size and pattern. The chronological growth story of private institutions vary across nations. The role and degree of the historical factors, policies, State and market differs across nation-states.
This book ‘Private Higher Education Across Nations’ provides an original and broad look at private higher education across thirteen countries written by many of the leading experts in higher education who share their inquiry of contemporary developments in private higher education and the implications they see for present and future strategy. It contributes to comparative private higher education literature through its chapters on Canada, Argentina, Poland, Greece, Brazil, France, Colombia, Japan, China, India, Mexico, Malaysia and Pakistan. The country chapters focuses on history of higher education (private and public), structure of higher education, current status of higher education, factors responsible for private sector growth, forms and types of private higher education, status of private higher education, and role of the State (in terms of control, regulation and governance).
The book addresses the allusions of the private sector development across the nations, with regard to its responsiveness to quality, financing, access, and equity. It will be a valuable information base for research scholars, policy makers, administrators, faculty and students’ intent on comprehending the extensive scope of factors that are currently modeling and altering private higher education landscape.

This book “Higher Education Across Nations” is result of our interaction in Paris when Professor ... more This book “Higher Education Across Nations” is result of our interaction in Paris when Professor Kishor Joshi visited University of Paris 8 as a visiting professor. We had several deliberations on the different types of higher education system existing across the globe. Subsequently, we decided to come up with an edited volume focusing on selected countries. We requested the identified authors to contribute a chapter for the said book. The authors responded well and carried out the task of manuscript submission in time frame.
This book entitled “Higher Education Across Nations” provides a comparative higher education system literature covering twelve countries. In context of these countries, the book focuses on history of higher education, the structure of higher education, current status of higher education in terms of enrolment, institutions etc. Besides these issues, the chapters also discuss equity, quality assurance, financing and governance issues. The countries covered in the chapters of this book are Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Maghreb region (Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria), Greece, France, Germany, Japan, China, India, Bangladesh and South Africa.
It is widely recognised that higher education promotes social and economic development by enhancing human and technical capabilities of society. Technical change and institutional change are key components of development. Higher education plays an important role in facilitating these changes by incorporating all of the various demographics of the population. In contemporary lifelong-learning framework, higher education provides not only the high-level skills to address labor market demand but also the training essential for skilled manpower. The higher education expansion is a universal phenomenon in which there has been a great enhancement in the number of students. The trend is more tangible in developing nations. With rise in the primary and secondary education graduates, numerous aspire to keep on to acquire a degree. The real incomes in developing countries have also been rising, resulting in higher education within the reach of an increasing number of population segments.
A comparative reading of the various national situations reveals several cross international trends. Higher education is expanding in domestic cases that have been studied in this book. Along with the quantitative development, the higher education has diversified. We are dealing with two different realities across the countries: the first concerns the end of massification of higher education in developed countries and the existence of a quantitative stability of students enrolled in higher education and academic staff. On other hand, we are witnessing amplification of the democratization of higher education in developing countries. The countries that have already gone through the phase of demographic democratization, access to higher education in these countries have democratized during the years 1970-1990. However, quantitative accessibility does not mean access to knowledge and academic success. In other words, the problem is not only to enter the university, but to progressively sustain there. It is for this reason that students success is one of the major challenges of the university. The issue of social inequality in higher education remains another challenge for all the divergent systems.
Globalization has developed a powerful impact on the development of higher education and imposes new challenges for the organization (standards, financing, regulations). Systems of higher education tend to detach from the national models and adopt a more "global" orientation. International rankings of universities also contribute to impose a set of transnational standards and values. Higher education has become increasingly cross-border through the mobility of students and researchers, international exchange programs and joint projects, different forms of partnership between universities. Higher education also contributes to foster globalization in the field of science, culture and training of skilled labor.
The governance of the university is at the heart of various reforms implemented over the last two decades. In order to accommodate and adapt new social and economic realities within the university, the university is pushing more and more towards a kind of efficient and hierarchical governance. In the public higher education, the changing relationship between central and local authorities and the university is a crucial issue. The university is under pressure from policy makers for rationalization of the organization and to adopt a more efficient view of its operatio. This new trade-off sometimes conflict with the traditional values of the universities.
The implementation of quality assurance is one of the latest and most decisive transformations of higher education. Different higher education systems are trying to develop evaluation tools (internal and external) to improve the quality of teaching and research. The quality assurance procedures that were often dependent on national administrative traditions have increasingly tended to converge and led to a set up of common tools and standards. Countries under a centralized system tend to impose a uniform and general model while decentralized systems give greater freedom to universities to set up their own quality assurance system. Despite the development of quality assurance procedures, the concept of quality raises many controversies when it is used to legitimize a particular vision of higher education. There is no international consensus on the goals of higher education and the models diverge in their tradition as well as in social and economic context. Higher education is a complex and multidimensional process and an evaluation cannot account for all its human, social and educational realities.
Funding of higher education is causing a real divergence between countries. Three main models emerge from this comparison: countries with a clear dominance of the public sector with no/low tuition fees. The second model is a hybrid and is characterized by the coexistence of two major sectors (public and private). The tuition fees are relatively high in public university. The third model is characterized by the existence of a relatively strong private sector of higher education and the presence of a smaller public sector. These schemes which are based on academic traditions and historical trajectory of higher education are largely influenced by the social and economic model in each country.
The presence of foreign students has become an important focus for the development of higher education. The number of foreign students in the world has increased four times since 1980s and international mobility in higher education is at the center of national policies. Developed and emerging countries are trying gradually to shift their policy vis-à-vis international students and researchers. Several countries are putting in efforts to attract as many of these students as the presence of international students is considered a crucial aspect of their scientific, academic and economic dynamics. However, the international development of higher education is not a new phenomenon for many countries that have experienced hosting international students a long tradition in their territory. Historically, universities in Europe and Asia had always claimed a cosmopolitan status as pluralistic institution, open to the world, the best place for promoting cultural and scientific contacts.
With expansion of higher education, existing institutions have developed in size, converting themselves into big universities. The expansion has also brought in differentiated new providers in this higher education sector. Despite this expansion the public institutions have felt the financial crisis during last two decades. Different types of institutions both public and private have grown up offering a wide range of vocational and professional programmes parallel to the traditional universities. The modes of financing higher education have also changed over the period of time. Despite this enormous growth in higher education, the issue of equity and quality still remains unaddressed in many countries.
We acknowledge the support and encouragement of contributors, who have written chapters on the country of their specialization. We also thank the reviewers of the chapters. We also thank the publisher for publishing the book within the time frame.

K.M.Joshi Saeed Paivandi

Other by Kishore Mahendra M Joshi

The significant growth of number of students enrolled in tertiary education institutions in the r... more The significant growth of number of students enrolled in tertiary education institutions in the recent past decades has caused an unprecedented expansion of higher education systems. Globalization has developed a powerful impact on the development of higher education and imposes new challenges for the organization (standards, financing, regulations). The implementation of quality assurance is one of the recent and most decisive transformations of higher education. Different higher education systems are trying to develop assessment tools (internal and external) to improve the quality of teaching, research and extension activities, and these are either based on experiences of selected countries or are extensively country specific. The quality assurance procedures that were often dependent on national directorial traditions have gradually tended to converge and led to a setup of common tools and standards. International rankings of universities also contribute to impose a set of transnational standards and values, which is also being considered as indicative by the stakeholders. The present book tries to look at the quality assurance mechanism, international rankings and its impact in both absolute and comparative fashion in context of about 13 countries from different parts of the world.

The paper discourses on the state of access and participation of tribals in higher education.

K.M.Joshi Saeed Paivandi