Gurudatta Singh | Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (original) (raw)

Papers by Gurudatta Singh

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Freshwater contamination because of human activities, as well as natural activities, have been a ... more Freshwater contamination because of human activities, as well as natural activities, have been a cause of concern. Numerous studies have acknowledged the prevalence of the freshwater pollution due to countless human activities, which include the inappropriate discharge of the industries as well as domestic wastewater, applications of the reprocessed wastewater in agricultural practices, and movement enabled through the subsurface geochemistry, as well as cyclical variations; these activities have frequently made freshwater susceptible to the variability of pollution by carbon-based pollutants (Kurwadkar 2019). The rapidly growing population and the increase of the agriculture, as well as industrialized activities, result in the increasing water claim as well as polluted water production. Subsequently, freshwater means were progressively visible to pollution through various bases like seepage via drainage systems as well as septic chambers, applications of manure in agrarian arenas, intentionally or unintended discarded disposals, exonerations of the polluted water wastes, and urban as well as rural rainstorm water overflow (Slack et al. 2005; Osenbrück et al. 2007; Barnes et al. 2008). In recent years, a huge amount of micro-organic pollutants had been found globally in shallow as well as freshwater (

The occurrence of PPCPs in the environment has emerged as a serious health concern worldwide. Pha... more The occurrence of PPCPs in the environment has emerged as a serious health concern worldwide. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are the groups of compounds that are frequently termed emerging contaminants. Pharmaceuticals are defined as prescription, over the counter, human and veterinary curative drugs cast off to treat human and animal diseases. In contrast, personal care products (PCPs) are generally used to improve the quality of daily life (Boxall et al., 2012). Currently, about 4000À5000 pharmaceutical compounds are in use, which may be released into the environment, and under the present scenario, there is no legally permissible concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment (Hernandez Leal et al., 2010). The consumption of pharmaceuticals is rising rapidly, and about 8À9 million kg of antibiotics were used in the year 2013 (Pennington et al., 2017). Pharmaceutical contaminants are continuously released into the aquatic environments through multiple pathways, including wastewater treatment plants, domestic wastewater, hospital discharge, improper disposal, and runoff of veterinary medicine (Daughton, 2003; Leung et al., 2012; Liu and Wong, 2013); therefore these compounds may be increased continuously into the environment. Since the last few decades, there have been increasing reports of the presence of PPCPs in the water bodies (water, sediments, and biota) at concentrations capable of causing harmful effects to the aquatic organisms. This becomes a foremost concern because PPCPs are widely used in human and veterinary medicine, resulting in their continuous release to the environment (Nikolaou et al., 2007). The existence of emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and PCPs, demands more attention toward this matter (Daughton and Ternes, 1999; Diaz-Cruz et al., 2003). Pharmaceutical contaminants and PCPs entering water and soils may either remain in their original form or may be metabolized into different forms (Kepp et al., 1997). These compounds were found to be in the range of ng/L to moderately high concentrations of μg/L (Ternes, 2007; Schwarzenbach et al., 2006). The higher levels of these compounds are reported in wastewater and hospital waste, from where they can reach the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Pharmaceutical compounds from the industrial and domestic sectors are expelled out in their original form into sewage treatment plants (STPs) (Yadav et al., 2019), from these STPs they might reach into the aquatic environment. The various studies identified its impact on ecology, and the qualitative function of water even at a very low concentration. The toxicity of these pharmaceutical compounds may affect the ecological functionality of any ecosystems and ultimately some serious impacts on human life might be resulted (Hernandez Leal et al., 2010). The different PPCPs (Fig. 29.1) reported from the water and wastewater in different concentrations are discussed (Table 29.1). Most of the pharmaceutical compounds have a molecular mass less than 500 Da (Lipinski et al., 1997) and are composed of multifaceted chemical, which differs in structure, function, molecular weight, and form. These are

The past century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the production of a range of artificial org... more The past century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the production of a range of artificial organic chemicals (xenobiotic), for example, pesticides, plastics of various grades, hydrocarbons, soaps, and detergents. These compounds trigger a series of biochemical reactions in the environment that ultimately affects all biota. Most of these chemicals are of great concern from a human health perspective due to their persistence, bioaccumulation capacity, and high toxicity to wildlife and human (Xing et al. 2005). A wide spectrum of hazardous organic pollutants with diverse structures originates from anthropogenic sources and continuously pollutes the environment (Alaee et al. 2003; Covaci et al. 2011; Sverko et al. 2008). These organic pollutants have a hazardous impact on various components of environments, which are mostly aquatic ecosystems, i.e. water bodies. Important organic contaminants include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydrocarbons (HCs), pharmaceutical compounds, dioxins, organophosphates, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and organometallic compounds (Connell et al. 2009). The major sources of organic pollutants of water bodies can be identified, viz. industries, municipal sewage, and agricultural activities (Figure 9.1). Further, these sources can be classified as point sources such as industrial effluent outlets, effluent discharges from domestic sewage treatment plants, and nonpoint sources, which are characterized by discharges over huge areas due to diffusive sources. For example, pesticides used in agriculture can be widespread in low but potentially hazardous concentrations, causing chronic effects (Schwarzenbach et al. 2006). Biodegradation has been defined as "the biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemicals." This can lead to the conversion of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, or other elements bound within the original organic chemical to inorganic products, this is called mineralization (Mattes et al. 2010). If a compound is biologically transformed into products that are either not metabolized or metabolized very slowly,

Sustainable Environment Research, 2021

The purification of the primary treated domestic sewage was performed in the present study throug... more The purification of the primary treated domestic sewage was performed in the present study through the horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW) of 10 × 3.5 m dimension. The study was performed using three setups of CW 1 (Unplanted CW), CW 2 (CW planted with macrophyte Typha latifolia), and CW 3 (CW planted with two species of macrophyte T. latifolia and Commelina benghalensis). The purification experiments were performed by converting one type of CW into the other form sequentially, i.e., CW 1 was built first and after the experiments, it was converted into CW 2 and then CW 3. The CW was filled with a layer of coarse and fine gravel of 70 cm depth as filter media in 1:2 ratio. Each set of wetland was operated for 3 months (12 wk) during which the treatment performance of wetlands for basic physicochemical parameters was evaluated. The CW was operated in continuous mode at an average hydraulic loading rate of 250 L h − 1 and the treated effluent was analysed twice every week at four different sampling points having hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12, 24, 36 and 48 h for important sewage quality parameters All the three setups of CW were able to clean the primary treated sewage significantly. Among the three sets of wetlands used, CW 3 was the best performer removing 79, 77, 79, 79, and 78% of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate respectively in 48 h HRT. Among the three sets of wetlands, the CW 3 removed the highest percent of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli as 64, 61 and 52% respectively.

Das folgende Dokument "IT-Technologien für die Binnenschifffahrt" ist das erste Ergebni... more Das folgende Dokument "IT-Technologien für die Binnenschifffahrt" ist das erste Ergebnis (Nr. 1.1.) Des Projekts ST4W und zeigt den höchsten Stand der allgemeinen Entwicklung auf dem wissenschaftlichen Gebiet der IT-Technologien für die Binnenschifffahrt zum Zeitpunkt Das ST4W-Projekt wurde gestartet. Bei dieser Überprüfung wurden die verschiedenen Technologien in der Binnenschifffahrt behandelt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den verwendeten Datenstandards und dem Interoperabilitätsgrad zwischen diesen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien lag. Zur Erstellung der Studie wurde eine umfassende Recherche durchgeführt, die Einsichtnahme in öffentlich zugängliche Dokumente, einschlägige Studien und Veröffentlichungen. Primärinformationen wurden durch halbstrukturierte Experteninterviews erhoben. Der Bericht ist wie folgt gegliedert: Im zweiten Kapitel wird eine kurze Einführung in das ST4W-Projekt mit Zielen, technologischem Beitrag und erwarteter Nutzen und Wirkung vorgeste...

Sustainable Environment Research, 2021