Dr. Vivek K . Chaturvedi | Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Vivek K . Chaturvedi

Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology, 2018

Environmental pollution is becoming one of the major threats around the world because of the rele... more Environmental pollution is becoming one of the major threats around the world because of the release of toxic and hazardous substances from food, pharmaceutical, and other industries as well. These wastes are mainly dumped indiscriminately which ultimately reached water bodies, thereby affecting marine ecosystem. Therefore, effective effluent treatment is an important step which can help in conserving our water resources. White rot fungus (WRF) have been shown to degrade and mineralize a wide variety of wastes because of their nonspecific extracellular lignin mineralizing enzymes (LMEs). These enzymes are used for the decolorization of synthetic dyes. They help in the degradation of pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pharmaceuticals wastes like- anti-inflammatory, lipid regulatory, antiepileptic drugs, endocrine disrupting chemicals, etc. They also help in degrading the food waste and convert them into useful products which can be used as food, feed, fodder; so...

3 Biotech, 2020

SARS-CoV-2, a novel Betacoronavirus, has attracted global attention because of its extremely high... more SARS-CoV-2, a novel Betacoronavirus, has attracted global attention because of its extremely high infection rate and large number of human deaths. It possesses a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA of ~ 30 kb nucleotides as its genetic material. It is responsible for COVID-19 which has been declared a pandemic by WHO. Having reported for the first time in Wuhan, China, the virus infected over 21.48 million people and caused over 0.77 million deaths till mid-august 2020. SARS-CoV-2 contains the spike protein site that gets activated by an enzyme furin which is found in the lung, liver, and small intestine of humans. It shows the potentiality of virus for attacking multiple organs and their failures. Due to the absence of vaccines, the cure is restricted to supportive care including repurposed drugs. In silico approaches may offer an alternative screening to optimize hits to lead stages. It can provide important related to drug resistance, their lineages and evolution. This approach may also help to find an effective vaccine against COVID-19. This review focuses on the in silico aspects of genomics, proteomics, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and viral receptor binding analysis in Betacoronavirus.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2020

In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be... more In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be the best alternative since it overcomes the weaknesses of individuals and the combination of elements makes them formidable in the fight against the cancer war. Inspired by this objective and trusting our knowledge of paddy straw grown oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) mediated synthesis; a first-of-kind approach has been developed for the rapid synthesis of Au-Pt-Ag trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs). The developed method was successful, which was confirmed by Ultraviolet-Visible, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Specifically, prepared TMNPs have been studied for their stability and size as a primary prerequisite for nanomedicine. Finally, the stable nanomedicine developed has been assessed for its performance against the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line (mda-mb-231). The performance was assessed using MTT assay and morphological readings, which were integrated with the cell viability data. We also determined the IC50 value, which was far superior to individual components and motivated us to postulate the possible breast cancer cell killing mechanism of TMNPs. The present study unlocks the new paths for the mushroom-mediated environmentally friendly, economic synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles, which can be effectively used in cancer nanomedicine.

Fungal Biology, 2019

Lignocelluloses are the most inexhaustible natural compounds in the biosphere, representing aroun... more Lignocelluloses are the most inexhaustible natural compounds in the biosphere, representing around half of the biomass on the planet, with a yearly generation of 10–50 × 109 tons. They are produced as by-products in rural and ranger service from the foods grown, which in turn causes the accumulation of these squanders. This biomass, as squanders, is collected in substantial amounts each year, causing several environmental issue and loss of possibly significant assets. A huge commitment could be made by reusing and preserving this huge amount of biomass. The lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which can be used for variety of purposes like in mash and paper businesses, the creation of fuel liquor and chemicals, protein for nourishment, textile industry, etc., thereby encouraging its utilization. The current modern action of lignocellulosic biomass maturation is restricted, basically in view of the trouble in financial bioconversion of these materials to esteem included items. A cheap way for its bioconversion is the cultivation of mushroom on these lignocelluloses material as they are rich source of nutrients, which provide mushrooms with nutrients and nourishment. The extracellular and intracellular enzymes of mushroom help in degrading wastes into easily digestible wastes, thereby making full use of the resources.

Molecules, 2020

3 Biotech, 2019

Diabetes and obesity are the most frequently found disease worldwide. Several factors are respons... more Diabetes and obesity are the most frequently found disease worldwide. Several factors are responsible for obesity, i.e., imbalance in energy expenditure, environmental factors, feeding habit, lifestyle, etc., which can also be responsible for type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are several synthetic drugs available to combat these diseases which have some side effects on sufferers. Therefore, people are shifting towards inexpensive, effective, widely available natural and herbal medicines. Edible mushrooms, which have been used from ancient time to cure these diseases, contain anti-oxidant, fibers, triterpenoids, alkaloid, and other phytochemicals. Comatin, β-glucan, Tremellastin, and Lentinan KS-2 are active chemicals of mushrooms which show great effect on diabetes mellitus and obesity by modulating either cellular function or biochemical pathways. Here, in this review, we have discussed the potential role of edible mushrooms and its biochemicals in control of diabetes and obesity. Using Bioinformatics, we can find the specific targets of theses biochemicals, so that these can be more effective.

Current drug metabolism, Jan 18, 2018

Background- Nanotechnology is gaining significant attention worldwide for cancer treatment. Nano-... more Background- Nanotechnology is gaining significant attention worldwide for cancer treatment. Nano-biotechnology encourages the combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, which is a vital component of a customized way to deal with the malignancy. Nanoparticles are being used as Nanomedicine which participates in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer. The unique characteristic of Nanomedicine i.e. their high surface to volume ratio enables them to tie, absorb, and convey small biomolecule like DNA, RNA, drugs, proteins, and other molecules to the targeted site and thus enhances the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Objective- The objective of the present article is to provide an insight of several aspects of nanotechnology in cancer therapeutics such as various nanomaterials as drug vehicle, drug release strategies and role of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. Methods- We performed an extensive search on bibliographic database for research article on nanotechnol...

3 Biotech, 2018

Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low fat cont... more Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low fat content and a trans-isomer of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fibre content, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, sterols, eritadenine and chitosan. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods and drugs. They have outstanding attractive taste, aroma and nutritional value, so are considered as functional food, which means they are beneficial to the body not only in terms of nutrition but also for improved health. Medicinal mushrooms and their extract have a large number of bioactive components called secondary metabolites. The presence of polysaccharide β-glucans or polysaccharide-protein complexes content in mushroom extract have great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory, hypocholesteremia, hepatoprotective nature along with anti-aging. The present review focuses on...

Water is a most crucial and limited resource on the Earth, which has contaminated due to the addi... more Water is a most crucial and limited resource on the Earth, which has contaminated due to the addition of heavy metals, pathogens, pesticides, and many organic and inorganic substances. Currently, the research has been focused on the sustainable remediation approach for waste reclamation. Therefore, an affordable technology of wastewater treatment could tackle the problem of water. Nanotechnology is an efficient, affordable, effective, and durable method for water treatment. Nanomaterials have several properties such as specific surface area, high reactivity, high degree of functionalization, size-dependent properties, etc., which make them appropriate materials in wastewater treatment. The present chapter comprehensively describes the characteristics of different nanomaterials and their role in the restoration of aquatic ecosystem.

J. Exp. Zool. India

Synthesis of transition metal oxide nanoparticles is an interesting and expanding research area f... more Synthesis of transition metal oxide nanoparticles is an interesting and expanding research area for biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility. The present study reported the synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles via a simple, convenient, low-cost co-precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Further, the cytotoxicity efficiency of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated against the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by cell viability assay. Moreover, the antioxidant ability of synthesized nanoparticles was screened by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl) and a nitrous oxide scavenging assay. Our research demonstrated the concentration-dependent activity of prepared nanoparticles for MCF-7 cell line and scavenging assay comparable to control. These results uncover the role of synthesized mixed-phase manganese nanoparticles and provide novel strategies for developing anticancerous agents.

3 Biotech, 2020

Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is an annual and perennial legume which belongs to the family Fabaceae havin... more Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is an annual and perennial legume which belongs to the family Fabaceae having different types of therapeutic activity. Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, anti-microbial, etc. are the example of some most common activities of Mp. It is widely utilized as a potent aphrodisiac. The anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp was explored since the nineteenth century. The neuroprotective activity of Mp was shown by several researchers. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the important constituents responsible for the anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp. Apart from L-DOPA, several other important bioactive components like Ursolic acid (UA) and Betulinic acid (BA) also exhibit a similar neuroprotective activity. Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly sporadic. A very small proportion shows the genetic nature of PD. The anti-Parkinsonian activity of Mp was explored in different toxin-induced PD models as like MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), Rotenone, Paraquat, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as suggested by several pieces of literature. Various parts of Mp's like seed, leaf, and stem exhibit potent neuroprotective attributes. Among different parts, seeds are widely utilized as anti-PD agents because of the higher percentage of L-DOPA. Besides anti-PD activity, Mp's neuroprotective potential was also explored in the ischemic model of stroke that also shows positive results. Recently, several clinical trials have been performed on the anti-PD activity of Mp on PD patients that show convincing results. Although, a small population-based study needs to be further validated in the broader population. Apart from anti-PD activity, Mp also shows its therapeutic activity in some other diseases like cancer, diabetes, skin infection, anemia, antihypertensive, etc. that are summarized in Table 1. In this review, we have discussed the anti-PD potential of Mp in the sporadic and genetic model along with some clinical trials that have performed on PD patients. Some other activity of Mp is also summarized in this review. There is a strong need to test the efficacy of Mp in some other neurodegenerative diseases along with PD. Following this, this review emphasizes the role of Mp in PD systematically through literature analysis available to date.

Neural Regeneration Research

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most debilitating brain diseases. Despite the availability... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most debilitating brain diseases. Despite the availability of symptomatic treatments, response towards the health of PD patients remains scarce. To fulfil the medical needs of the PD patients, an efficacious and etiological treatment is required. In this review, we have compiled the information covering limitations of current therapeutic options in PD, novel drug targets for PD, and finally, the role of some critical beneficial natural products to control the progression of PD.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Accumulating pieces of evidence have shown that microglia have both protective as well asdetrimen... more Accumulating pieces of evidence have shown that microglia have both protective as well asdetrimental impacts depending upon the stage of the disease (Hammond et al., 2019). A numberof mutations have been reported in microglial genes that are linked with increased AD risk. Thetriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is one of the most critical AD risk genesfound in microglia. In animal models and human studies as well,several experiments have beenperformed which showed that Trem2 and its variants effectivelymodulate the function of microglia.Trem2 effectively alters the microglial functions such as activation, proliferation, phagocytosis,inflammation, survival, and metabolism.

EC NEUROLOGY, 2020

In recent time peoples become addicted to smartphones that also hamper the social interactions am... more In recent time peoples become addicted to smartphones that also hamper the social interactions among individuals. It may cause severe anxiety and depressive symptoms betwixt young adolescents. It worsens the loneliness and ultimately affects the wellbeing and social behavior among populations. Thus, the correlation between mobile phone addiction and depressive symptoms is quite startling. Therefore, an educated person might understand the depressive situation and get rid of it better. But the big concern is towards uneducated ones, who do not see the consequences of depressive conditions and become mentally sick over time. Likewise, in erudite individuals having a high risk of depression compared to literate peoples. To overcome the difficulty of smartphones over usage, a well-defined program and organization of effective presentations provide a better awareness among untaught individuals. Several studies have shown that excess usage harms individuals’ eyesight, hearing, and postures. The maladaptive behaviors of phone use may lead to the more enormous consequences of anxiety and depression among users. Moreover, various financed and private platforms are needed to cooperate with this situation via different strategies that might help affect an individual’s mental health. There have numbers of mobile apps and tools are available that are beneficial to manage anxious and depressive behaviors in populations. These apps and tools also play an essential role in maintaining the current pandemic condition among COVID-19 patients. This review article covers clinical trials that have performed so far and suggested directions for prospective trials.

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, 2021

COVID-19, or the Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona... more COVID-19, or the Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic. At the time of writing this (July 28, 2020), more than 17 million people have become affected and 0.7 million people have died across the world. Remdesivir has shown glimpses of insight into how to fight the virus, but as of yet remain far from victory. Nanotechnology has proven its role in medicine to deliver the drug at the target site with minimal side effects, particularly in the anticancer domain. Most specifically, a range of nanotechnology-based products, such as nanosilver, are currently on the market because they have demonstrated the potential to combat viruses. This article provides an overview of the role of nanomedicine, including polymeric and inorganic materials, and its future capabilities in the management of the disease outbreak. Taking all this into account, an attempt has been made to educate readers in the simplest way of the role of nanomedicine, which can play a pivotal role in the management of diseases.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) , 2020

Agriculture has the most significant contribution in fulfilling the basic human need, sustaining ... more Agriculture has the most significant contribution in fulfilling the basic human need, sustaining life, and strengthening the economy of any country. To feed the exploding population of the world, there has been a quantum jump in the production of agricultural commodities, which has led to the production of a substantial considerable quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. The bulks of these wastes are lignocellulosic in nature and consist of three main polymeric constituents, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are recalcitrant. The primary significant portions of these remain unutilized and are burnt in the field, leading to severe environmental aggression and wastage of resource. Farmers across the globe, including India, burn these agricultural wastes in their thousands of acre land, which contribute to spoiling the air quality index (AQI). This is very harmful, especially to children, pregnant women, old adults, and for patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The current manuscript sets up an agro-waste management platform by using paddy straw as a substrate for the production of nutritionally and medically rich oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) and which is further used in the green synthesis of bimetallic (gold-platinum) Au-Pt nanoparticle. Yield performance and biological efficiency of Pf were calculated from the degraded paddy straw. The green synthesized Au-Pt NPs were structurally characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and zeta potential analysis. The prepared NPs showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, icosahedral shape with a mean particle size of 16 nm. Furthermore, we examined the cytotoxic activity of Au-Pt NPs using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis by propidium iodide assay. We found that Au-Pt NPs exerted apoptotic activity on the human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) in a dose-dependent manner from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL. Overall, our findings create a prototype and open a new door to synthesizing functional nanoparticle by using oyster mushroom as the substrate for paddy straw agro-waste management and the applicability of Pf in the synthesis of eco-friendly Au-Pt NPs. This is the first kind of approach that kills two birds with one stone.

Molecules, 2020

Herbal medicines are widely used worldwide and much appreciated because of their fewer side effec... more Herbal medicines are widely used worldwide and much appreciated because of their fewer side effects and the ability to fight diseases at the root cause. Active 'phyto' ingredients require a scientific approach and a mechanism to distribute components at the target site for better therapeutic results. Nanotechnology, on the other hand, has created new hope for cancer treatment but is still far from being proven in clinical settings. This article combines a unique approach to synthesis with the use of Pleurotus sajor-caju, followed by microwave irritation of silver and gold nanoparticles that ensures the capping of the active phyto ingredient and further enhances the effects of nanomedicine to fight colon cancer, thus opening a new era of what we call herbonanoceutics. The article also compares the characteristics and properties of silver (Au) and gold (Ag) nanoparticles synthesized by an in house developed novel microwave-assisted rapid green synthesis method. The as-prepared Ag NPs and Au NPs were compared using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our comparative study revealed that both assemblies display face-centred cubic structures (FCCs) and are nanocrystalline in nature. The advantage of the approach was that the sizes of gold and silver were identical in range with a similar distribution pattern. This has helped us to study the activity against colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) without incoherence since size plays a key role in the application. More specifically, morphological changes, cell viability, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the fragmentation of DNA have been further reported to assess better the results obtained with the two metals. Our results suggest that the newly adopted synthesis method may ensure the dual benefits from phyto ingredients which further enhances the effectiveness of advanced nanomedicine.

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2020

In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be... more In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be the best alternative since it overcomes the weaknesses of individuals and the combination of elements makes them formidable in the fight against the cancer war. Inspired by this objective and trusting our knowledge of paddy straw grown oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) mediated synthesis; a first-of-kind approach has been developed for the rapid synthesis of Au–Pt–Ag trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs). The developed method was successful, which was confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Specifically, prepared TMNPs have been studied for their stability and size as a primary prerequisite for nanomedicine. Finally, the stable nanomedicine developed has been assessed for its performance against the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line (mda-mb-231). The performance was assessed using MTT assay and morphological readings, which were integrated with the cell viability data. We also determined the IC50 value, which was far superior to individual components and motivated us to postulate the possible breast cancer cell killing mechanism of TMNPs. The present study unlocks the new paths for the mushroom-mediated environmentally friendly, economic synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles, which can be effectively used in cancer nanomedicine.

Research Advancements in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional, and Industrial Enzymology, 2018

3 Biotech, 2020

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2020

Fungal Biology, 2019

Molecules, 2020

3 Biotech, 2019

Current drug metabolism, Jan 18, 2018

3 Biotech, 2018

J. Exp. Zool. India

3 Biotech, 2020

Neural Regeneration Research

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

EC NEUROLOGY, 2020

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, 2021

Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) , 2020

Molecules, 2020

Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2020

In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be... more In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be the best alternative since it overcomes the weaknesses of individuals and the combination of elements makes them formidable in the fight against the cancer war. Inspired by this objective and trusting our knowledge of paddy straw grown oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) mediated synthesis; a first-of-kind approach has been developed for the rapid synthesis of Au–Pt–Ag trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs). The developed method was successful, which was confirmed by Ultraviolet–Visible, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Specifically, prepared TMNPs have been studied for their stability and size as a primary prerequisite for nanomedicine. Finally, the stable nanomedicine developed has been assessed for its performance against the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line (mda-mb-231). The performance was assessed using MTT assay and morphological readings, which were integrated with the cell viability data. We also determined the IC50 value, which was far superior to individual components and motivated us to postulate the possible breast cancer cell killing mechanism of TMNPs. The present study unlocks the new paths for the mushroom-mediated environmentally friendly, economic synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles, which can be effectively used in cancer nanomedicine.

Recently, studies in various types of free radicals have gained attention around the globe as it ... more Recently, studies in various types of free radicals have gained attention around the globe as it causes oxidative stress, which may lead to aging and numerous diseases. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. At moderate concentrations, free radicals (ROS/RNS) play a significant role as regulatory mediators in cell signaling processes; whereas at high concentration, they are deleterious to the cell, as they modify lipids, proteins, and DNA followed by a number of diseases. Antioxidants play an important role in maintaining human health by performing the action of scavenging free radicals. The human body has its own defense system against free radicals, such as superoxide dismutase enzyme, glutathione enzyme and catalase, but they are insufficient to prevent damage entirely. Synthetic antioxidants such as BHA, TBHQ and BHT are radical scavengers but are usually associated with adverse side effects.