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Papers by abi hasan

Contributions to the knowledge of conifer aphid fauna in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution

Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde-journal of Pest Science, 2003

The Aphidoidea (Homoptera) has 29 species which attack coniferous trees in Turkey. The family Aph... more The Aphidoidea (Homoptera) has 29 species which attack coniferous trees in Turkey. The family Aphididae has 25 (Aphidinae, 1; Lachninae, 22; Mindarinae, 2) species and the Adelgidae, 4. The tribe Cinarini in Lachninae has alone 22 species most of which are important. Especially Cinara cedri Mimeur on Cedrus libani and C. pilicornis (Hartig) on Picea spp. are harmful species. Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius) is also very important. An Eastern Palearctic species in the tribe Macrosiphini in Aphidinae, Elatobium momii (Shinji), is numerous on Abies bornmülleriana in Bursa-Uludağ forests. Pineus orientalis (Dreyfus) in the family of Adelgidae (Chermesidae) is the most destructive in our Picea orientalis forests in Artvin area (Eastern Black-Sea Section). 21 species out of 29 aphids on coniferous trees are of European origin; only 4 are Mediterranean, 2 Caucasus and Turkistan, one Eastern Palearctic and one of Cosmopolitan origin.

The First Notice of the Dositheans by Abu 'l-Fath bin Abi 'l-Hasan ad-Dinfi

Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2008

Scale insects of the conifer trees in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution

Journal of Pest Science, 2004

In Turkey, 25 species of Coccoidea (Homoptera) are recorded on Conifera tree species. The family ... more In Turkey, 25 species of Coccoidea (Homoptera) are recorded on Conifera tree species. The family Diaspididae has 15, Coccidae 6, Pseudococcidae 3, and Margarodidae 1 species. Specifically, Dynaspidiotus spp. are recorded on Abies, Cedrus, Picea, and Pinus; Leucaspis spp. on Pinus spp.; Carulaspis spp. on Biota, Cupressus, Juniperus, and Thuja; Lepidosaphes spp. on Abies, Biota, Juniperus, and Picea; Coccus spp. on Abies, Cedrus, and Pinus; and Planococcus spp. on Cupressus, Juniperus, and Pinus species. Acanthomytilus cedricola is recorded only on Cedrus spp.; Physokermes piceae on Abies and Picea species; and Marchalina hellenica only on Pinus species. Two species are Native, five are Cosmopolitan, 15 are Palaearctic, and 3 are of Mediterranean origin.

Crisis and Recovery Narratives in Maghrebi Histories of the Ottoman Period (ca. 1870–1970

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and The Middle East, 2011

... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen... more ... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen-erations of historical writers — two sets of near contemporaries in each of the two generations of “crisis” and “recovery.” The untitled memo-rial chronicle of Ahmad al-Sharif al-Zahhar ...

Human Molecular Genetics, 2008

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS), an autosomal recessive condition, is characte... more Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS), an autosomal recessive condition, is characterized by variable organ involvement with decreased mtDNA copy number and activities of respiratory chain enzymes in affected tissues. MtDNA depletion has been associated with mutations in nine autosomal genes, including thymidine kinase (TK2), which encodes a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein. To study the pathogenesis of TK2-deficiency, we generated mice harboring an H126N Tk2 mutation. Homozygous Tk2 mutant (Tk2 2/2 ) mice developed rapidly progressive weakness after age 10 days and died between ages 2 and 3 weeks. Tk2 2/2 animals showed Tk2 deficiency, unbalanced dNTP pools, mtDNA depletion and defects of respiratory chain enzymes containing mtDNA-encoded subunits that were most prominent in the central nervous system. Histopathology revealed an encephalomyelopathy with prominent vacuolar changes in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The H126N TK2 mouse is the first knock-in animal model of human MDS and demonstrates that the severity of TK2 deficiency in tissues may determine the organ-specific phenotype.

Crisis and Recovery Narratives in Maghrebi Histories of the Ottoman Period (ca. 1870–1970

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and The Middle East, 2011

... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen... more ... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen-erations of historical writers — two sets of near contemporaries in each of the two generations of “crisis” and “recovery.” The untitled memo-rial chronicle of Ahmad al-Sharif al-Zahhar ...

Two rare wood decaying fungi were collected in Cocakdere district (Mersin-Arslanköy). Crustoderma... more Two rare wood decaying fungi were collected in Cocakdere district (Mersin-Arslanköy). Crustoderma dryinum was determined on Pinus nigra subsp. nigra var. caramanica while Kavinia alboviridis was determined on Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica. The genera are new for Turkey mycota. The map showing collection site and line drawings of the fungi micromorphology are given.

Rationale/objectives There is a high prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in first-episode ... more Rationale/objectives There is a high prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in first-episode schizophrenia (SZ), but its contribution to the underlying SZ pathophysiology remains unclear. Several studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have observed abnormalities in human motor cortex (M1) excitability in SZ. Studies on cortical excitability comparing SZ patients with and without comorbid substance abuse are lacking. Methods A total of 29 first-episode SZ patients participated in this study; 12 had a history of comorbid cannabis abuse (SZ-SUD) and 17 did not (SZ-NSUD). We applied TMS to right and left M1 areas to assess the resting motor threshold (RMT), short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and the contralateral cortical silent period (CSP). Results In SICI and ICF conditions, right M1 stimulation led to significantly higher motor evoked potential ratios in SZ-SUD compared to SZ-NSUD. This suggests lower cortical inhibition and increased ICF in first-episode SZ with previous cannabis abuse. There were no group differences in RMT and CSP duration. Neither were there any significant correlations between psychopathology (as indexed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), disease characteristics, the extent of cannabis abuse, and TMS parameters (SICI, ICF, and CSP). Conclusions Comorbid cannabis abuse may potentiate the reduced intracortical inhibition and enhanced ICF observed in first-episode SZ patients in some previous studies. This finding suggests an increased alteration of GABA A and NMDA receptor activity in cannabis-abusing first-episode patients as compared to schizophrenia patients with no history of substance abuse. This may constitute a distinct vulnerability factor in this special population.

Nature Protocols, 2007

Multiple copies of transposable elements, inserted at random around the host genome, can be used ... more Multiple copies of transposable elements, inserted at random around the host genome, can be used as molecular markers. Sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms (SSAPs) amplify the region between a PCR primer site near the end of an element and an adjacent restriction site in the flanking genomic DNA. Each amplified insertion is revealed as a band on a sequencing gel or capillary electrophoresis, and a genomic DNA sample produces a characteristic fingerprint of bands. Here, we explain the SSAP marker development method, which can be performed for any species, with recommendations for experimental parameters in several plant species. It takes about 1-2 weeks to complete the whole SSAP marker procedure.

Faseb Journal, 2005

Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to changes in the extracellular milieu. Sepsis results in ... more Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to changes in the extracellular milieu. Sepsis results in activation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. We hypothesized that sepsis-associated mediators may alter the response capacity (so-called "set point") of endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were preincubated in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypoxia, hyperthermia, and/or high glucose; treated with or without thrombin for 4 h; and then processed for RNase protection assays of selected activation markers. Priming with TNF-α and LPS significantly inhibited thrombinmediated induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tissue factor, and E-selectin, but not platelet-derived growth factor-A or CD44. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, thrombin-treated HUVEC demonstrated inducible binding of p65 NF-κB, an effect that was significantly blunted by pretreatment of cells with TNF-α and LPS. Consistent with these results, TNF-α and LPS attenuated the effect of thrombin on IκB phosphorylation, total cytoplasmic IκB, and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. The inhibitory effect of TNF-α on thrombin signaling persisted for up to 24 h following removal of the cytokine. Taken together, these data suggest that inflammatory mediators prime endothelial cells to modulate subsequent thrombin response.

We have conducted the genetic analysis of fermentative nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringe... more We have conducted the genetic analysis of fermentative nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringens, a strict anaerobic bacterium. Nitrate reductase (NarA) was purified from the cytoplasmic fraction of the organism. Using a degenerate primer designed from its N-terminal amino acid sequence, a 95 kb fragment containing seven ORFs was cloned. The molecular mass and Nterminal amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of ORF 4 coincided with those determined for the purified NarA, indicating that ORF 4 corresponds to a narA gene. ORFs 5 and 6 encode a 154 kDa ferredoxin-like protein containing four iron-sulfur clusters and a 45 kDa protein homologous to NADH oxidase, respectively. Analyses involving primer extension and Northern blotting revealed that these three ORFs are transcribed as a polycistronic message. The ORF 5-and ORF 6-encoded proteins were shown by immunoblotting to be synthesized by cells grown in the presence of nitrate. Thus, these two proteins are likely to function as electron-transfer components in nitrate reduction in C. perfringens. The 95 kb fragment and a downstream region of 61 kb do not contain any genes involved in nitrate uptake or nitrite reduction. Instead, all 5 ORFs downstream of ORF 6 are homologous to genes reported for molybdopterin biosynthesis, unlike the genomic organization already determined for the respiratory and assimilatory nitrate-reduction systems. The evolutionary relationships between these two nitrate-reduction systems and the fermentative one based on the results of comparative genetic analysis are discussed.

Increasing the bandwidth utilization of a wireless optical broadband access network through efficient routing

Hybrid wireless optical broadband access networks are the future of internet service providers. D... more Hybrid wireless optical broadband access networks are the future of internet service providers. Due to high capacity and flexibility, they are the most promising architecture for last mile internet access. Addressing the fact that deployed radios in the wireless part of WOBAN are under-utilized in current routing algorithms, half of the links remain idle while few of these links are carrying traffic, which result in greater link delays. In this paper we present an efficient routing algorithm to make use of under-utilized radios in WOBAN. We develop `Flow Limited Routing Algorithm (FLRA)'. Our technique shows significant improvement in system delay compared to existing solutions.

PLOS One, 2011

Tryptophan-rich proteins from several malarial parasites have been identified where they play an ... more Tryptophan-rich proteins from several malarial parasites have been identified where they play an important role in hostparasite interaction. Structural characterization of these proteins is needed to develop them as therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a novel Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich protein named PvTRAg33.5. It is expressed by blood stage(s) of the parasite and its gene contains two exons. The exon 1 encodes for a 23 amino acids long putative signal peptide which is likely to be cleaved off whereas the exon 2 encodes for the mature protein of 252 amino acids. The mature protein contains B-cell epitopes which were recognized by the human immune system during P.vivax infection. The PvTRAg33.5 contains 24 (9.5%) tryptophan residues and six motifs whose patterns were similar among tryptophan-rich proteins. The modeled structure of the PvTRAg33.5 consists of a multidomain architecture which is stabilized by the presence of large number of tryptophan residues. The recombinant PvTRAg33.5 showed predominantly a helical structure and alpha helix to beta sheet transition at pH below 4.5. Protein acquires an irreversible non-native state at temperature more than 50uC at neutral pH. Its secondary and tertiary structures remain stable in the presence of 35% alcohol but these structures are destabilized at higher alcohol concentrations due to the disturbance of hydrophobic interactions between tryptophanyl residues. These structural changes in the protein might occur during its translocation to interact with other proteins at its final destination for biological function such as erythrocyte invasion.

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009

Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implica... more Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implications for the genetic structure and evolution of populations and varieties. One aspect of this crop-wild gene flow is the dispersal of transgenes from genetically modified varieties, e.g. gene flow from GM chicory to natural chicory could have unwanted consequences. With the purpose to identify and quantify crop-wild gene flow in chicory, we analysed introgression in 19 wild chicory populations and 16 accessions of chicory varieties and landraces distributed across Northern, Central and Mediterranean Europe. The analysis used 281 AFLP markers and 75 SSAP markers giving a total of 356 polymorphic markers. Results from model based assignments with the program STRUCTURE indicated many incidents of recent gene flow. Gene flow was observed both between cultivars and wild populations, between landraces and wild populations, between different wild populations as well as between cultivars. Population structure visualized by distance-based clustering showed a North–South geographical structuring of the wild populations, and a general grouping of the cultivars corresponding to known origin. The results indicated, however, that the structuring between the two groups of wild and cultivated types was weak. As crop and wild recipients are genetically close and genes are transferred between the two types rather frequently, focus on mitigating crop-wild gene flow should be increased, before transgenic varieties are cultivated openly.

Fatimah in Nusantara

ABSTRAK Tokoh Fatimah, anak Nabi Muhammad, isteri kepada Ali bin Abi Talib dan ibu Hasan dan Husa... more ABSTRAK Tokoh Fatimah, anak Nabi Muhammad, isteri kepada Ali bin Abi Talib dan ibu Hasan dan Husain adalah contoh unggul tradisional bagi wanita Muslim. Dari segi politik, Fatimah adalah anak keturunan Nabi dan ibu kepada imam-imam mazhab Shi'ah. Beliau juga disanjung sebagai contoh kerohanian kerana sifat penyayang dan belas kasihan kepada orang di sekitarnya. Sehubungan itu, banyak teks manuskrip Melayu

Contributions to the knowledge of conifer aphid fauna in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution

Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde-journal of Pest Science, 2003

The Aphidoidea (Homoptera) has 29 species which attack coniferous trees in Turkey. The family Aph... more The Aphidoidea (Homoptera) has 29 species which attack coniferous trees in Turkey. The family Aphididae has 25 (Aphidinae, 1; Lachninae, 22; Mindarinae, 2) species and the Adelgidae, 4. The tribe Cinarini in Lachninae has alone 22 species most of which are important. Especially Cinara cedri Mimeur on Cedrus libani and C. pilicornis (Hartig) on Picea spp. are harmful species. Schizolachnus pineti (Fabricius) is also very important. An Eastern Palearctic species in the tribe Macrosiphini in Aphidinae, Elatobium momii (Shinji), is numerous on Abies bornmülleriana in Bursa-Uludağ forests. Pineus orientalis (Dreyfus) in the family of Adelgidae (Chermesidae) is the most destructive in our Picea orientalis forests in Artvin area (Eastern Black-Sea Section). 21 species out of 29 aphids on coniferous trees are of European origin; only 4 are Mediterranean, 2 Caucasus and Turkistan, one Eastern Palearctic and one of Cosmopolitan origin.

The First Notice of the Dositheans by Abu 'l-Fath bin Abi 'l-Hasan ad-Dinfi

Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2008

Scale insects of the conifer trees in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution

Journal of Pest Science, 2004

In Turkey, 25 species of Coccoidea (Homoptera) are recorded on Conifera tree species. The family ... more In Turkey, 25 species of Coccoidea (Homoptera) are recorded on Conifera tree species. The family Diaspididae has 15, Coccidae 6, Pseudococcidae 3, and Margarodidae 1 species. Specifically, Dynaspidiotus spp. are recorded on Abies, Cedrus, Picea, and Pinus; Leucaspis spp. on Pinus spp.; Carulaspis spp. on Biota, Cupressus, Juniperus, and Thuja; Lepidosaphes spp. on Abies, Biota, Juniperus, and Picea; Coccus spp. on Abies, Cedrus, and Pinus; and Planococcus spp. on Cupressus, Juniperus, and Pinus species. Acanthomytilus cedricola is recorded only on Cedrus spp.; Physokermes piceae on Abies and Picea species; and Marchalina hellenica only on Pinus species. Two species are Native, five are Cosmopolitan, 15 are Palaearctic, and 3 are of Mediterranean origin.

Crisis and Recovery Narratives in Maghrebi Histories of the Ottoman Period (ca. 1870–1970

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and The Middle East, 2011

... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen... more ... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen-erations of historical writers — two sets of near contemporaries in each of the two generations of “crisis” and “recovery.” The untitled memo-rial chronicle of Ahmad al-Sharif al-Zahhar ...

Human Molecular Genetics, 2008

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS), an autosomal recessive condition, is characte... more Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome (MDS), an autosomal recessive condition, is characterized by variable organ involvement with decreased mtDNA copy number and activities of respiratory chain enzymes in affected tissues. MtDNA depletion has been associated with mutations in nine autosomal genes, including thymidine kinase (TK2), which encodes a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein. To study the pathogenesis of TK2-deficiency, we generated mice harboring an H126N Tk2 mutation. Homozygous Tk2 mutant (Tk2 2/2 ) mice developed rapidly progressive weakness after age 10 days and died between ages 2 and 3 weeks. Tk2 2/2 animals showed Tk2 deficiency, unbalanced dNTP pools, mtDNA depletion and defects of respiratory chain enzymes containing mtDNA-encoded subunits that were most prominent in the central nervous system. Histopathology revealed an encephalomyelopathy with prominent vacuolar changes in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The H126N TK2 mouse is the first knock-in animal model of human MDS and demonstrates that the severity of TK2 deficiency in tissues may determine the organ-specific phenotype.

Crisis and Recovery Narratives in Maghrebi Histories of the Ottoman Period (ca. 1870–1970

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and The Middle East, 2011

... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen... more ... considers four historiographical texts, two from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two gen-erations of historical writers — two sets of near contemporaries in each of the two generations of “crisis” and “recovery.” The untitled memo-rial chronicle of Ahmad al-Sharif al-Zahhar ...

Two rare wood decaying fungi were collected in Cocakdere district (Mersin-Arslanköy). Crustoderma... more Two rare wood decaying fungi were collected in Cocakdere district (Mersin-Arslanköy). Crustoderma dryinum was determined on Pinus nigra subsp. nigra var. caramanica while Kavinia alboviridis was determined on Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica. The genera are new for Turkey mycota. The map showing collection site and line drawings of the fungi micromorphology are given.

Rationale/objectives There is a high prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in first-episode ... more Rationale/objectives There is a high prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) in first-episode schizophrenia (SZ), but its contribution to the underlying SZ pathophysiology remains unclear. Several studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have observed abnormalities in human motor cortex (M1) excitability in SZ. Studies on cortical excitability comparing SZ patients with and without comorbid substance abuse are lacking. Methods A total of 29 first-episode SZ patients participated in this study; 12 had a history of comorbid cannabis abuse (SZ-SUD) and 17 did not (SZ-NSUD). We applied TMS to right and left M1 areas to assess the resting motor threshold (RMT), short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and the contralateral cortical silent period (CSP). Results In SICI and ICF conditions, right M1 stimulation led to significantly higher motor evoked potential ratios in SZ-SUD compared to SZ-NSUD. This suggests lower cortical inhibition and increased ICF in first-episode SZ with previous cannabis abuse. There were no group differences in RMT and CSP duration. Neither were there any significant correlations between psychopathology (as indexed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), disease characteristics, the extent of cannabis abuse, and TMS parameters (SICI, ICF, and CSP). Conclusions Comorbid cannabis abuse may potentiate the reduced intracortical inhibition and enhanced ICF observed in first-episode SZ patients in some previous studies. This finding suggests an increased alteration of GABA A and NMDA receptor activity in cannabis-abusing first-episode patients as compared to schizophrenia patients with no history of substance abuse. This may constitute a distinct vulnerability factor in this special population.

Nature Protocols, 2007

Multiple copies of transposable elements, inserted at random around the host genome, can be used ... more Multiple copies of transposable elements, inserted at random around the host genome, can be used as molecular markers. Sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms (SSAPs) amplify the region between a PCR primer site near the end of an element and an adjacent restriction site in the flanking genomic DNA. Each amplified insertion is revealed as a band on a sequencing gel or capillary electrophoresis, and a genomic DNA sample produces a characteristic fingerprint of bands. Here, we explain the SSAP marker development method, which can be performed for any species, with recommendations for experimental parameters in several plant species. It takes about 1-2 weeks to complete the whole SSAP marker procedure.

Faseb Journal, 2005

Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to changes in the extracellular milieu. Sepsis results in ... more Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to changes in the extracellular milieu. Sepsis results in activation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. We hypothesized that sepsis-associated mediators may alter the response capacity (so-called "set point") of endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were preincubated in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypoxia, hyperthermia, and/or high glucose; treated with or without thrombin for 4 h; and then processed for RNase protection assays of selected activation markers. Priming with TNF-α and LPS significantly inhibited thrombinmediated induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tissue factor, and E-selectin, but not platelet-derived growth factor-A or CD44. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, thrombin-treated HUVEC demonstrated inducible binding of p65 NF-κB, an effect that was significantly blunted by pretreatment of cells with TNF-α and LPS. Consistent with these results, TNF-α and LPS attenuated the effect of thrombin on IκB phosphorylation, total cytoplasmic IκB, and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. The inhibitory effect of TNF-α on thrombin signaling persisted for up to 24 h following removal of the cytokine. Taken together, these data suggest that inflammatory mediators prime endothelial cells to modulate subsequent thrombin response.

We have conducted the genetic analysis of fermentative nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringe... more We have conducted the genetic analysis of fermentative nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringens, a strict anaerobic bacterium. Nitrate reductase (NarA) was purified from the cytoplasmic fraction of the organism. Using a degenerate primer designed from its N-terminal amino acid sequence, a 95 kb fragment containing seven ORFs was cloned. The molecular mass and Nterminal amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of ORF 4 coincided with those determined for the purified NarA, indicating that ORF 4 corresponds to a narA gene. ORFs 5 and 6 encode a 154 kDa ferredoxin-like protein containing four iron-sulfur clusters and a 45 kDa protein homologous to NADH oxidase, respectively. Analyses involving primer extension and Northern blotting revealed that these three ORFs are transcribed as a polycistronic message. The ORF 5-and ORF 6-encoded proteins were shown by immunoblotting to be synthesized by cells grown in the presence of nitrate. Thus, these two proteins are likely to function as electron-transfer components in nitrate reduction in C. perfringens. The 95 kb fragment and a downstream region of 61 kb do not contain any genes involved in nitrate uptake or nitrite reduction. Instead, all 5 ORFs downstream of ORF 6 are homologous to genes reported for molybdopterin biosynthesis, unlike the genomic organization already determined for the respiratory and assimilatory nitrate-reduction systems. The evolutionary relationships between these two nitrate-reduction systems and the fermentative one based on the results of comparative genetic analysis are discussed.

Increasing the bandwidth utilization of a wireless optical broadband access network through efficient routing

Hybrid wireless optical broadband access networks are the future of internet service providers. D... more Hybrid wireless optical broadband access networks are the future of internet service providers. Due to high capacity and flexibility, they are the most promising architecture for last mile internet access. Addressing the fact that deployed radios in the wireless part of WOBAN are under-utilized in current routing algorithms, half of the links remain idle while few of these links are carrying traffic, which result in greater link delays. In this paper we present an efficient routing algorithm to make use of under-utilized radios in WOBAN. We develop `Flow Limited Routing Algorithm (FLRA)'. Our technique shows significant improvement in system delay compared to existing solutions.

PLOS One, 2011

Tryptophan-rich proteins from several malarial parasites have been identified where they play an ... more Tryptophan-rich proteins from several malarial parasites have been identified where they play an important role in hostparasite interaction. Structural characterization of these proteins is needed to develop them as therapeutic targets. Here, we describe a novel Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich protein named PvTRAg33.5. It is expressed by blood stage(s) of the parasite and its gene contains two exons. The exon 1 encodes for a 23 amino acids long putative signal peptide which is likely to be cleaved off whereas the exon 2 encodes for the mature protein of 252 amino acids. The mature protein contains B-cell epitopes which were recognized by the human immune system during P.vivax infection. The PvTRAg33.5 contains 24 (9.5%) tryptophan residues and six motifs whose patterns were similar among tryptophan-rich proteins. The modeled structure of the PvTRAg33.5 consists of a multidomain architecture which is stabilized by the presence of large number of tryptophan residues. The recombinant PvTRAg33.5 showed predominantly a helical structure and alpha helix to beta sheet transition at pH below 4.5. Protein acquires an irreversible non-native state at temperature more than 50uC at neutral pH. Its secondary and tertiary structures remain stable in the presence of 35% alcohol but these structures are destabilized at higher alcohol concentrations due to the disturbance of hydrophobic interactions between tryptophanyl residues. These structural changes in the protein might occur during its translocation to interact with other proteins at its final destination for biological function such as erythrocyte invasion.

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2009

Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implica... more Spontaneous gene flow between wild and cultivated chicory, Cichorium intybus L., may have implications for the genetic structure and evolution of populations and varieties. One aspect of this crop-wild gene flow is the dispersal of transgenes from genetically modified varieties, e.g. gene flow from GM chicory to natural chicory could have unwanted consequences. With the purpose to identify and quantify crop-wild gene flow in chicory, we analysed introgression in 19 wild chicory populations and 16 accessions of chicory varieties and landraces distributed across Northern, Central and Mediterranean Europe. The analysis used 281 AFLP markers and 75 SSAP markers giving a total of 356 polymorphic markers. Results from model based assignments with the program STRUCTURE indicated many incidents of recent gene flow. Gene flow was observed both between cultivars and wild populations, between landraces and wild populations, between different wild populations as well as between cultivars. Population structure visualized by distance-based clustering showed a North–South geographical structuring of the wild populations, and a general grouping of the cultivars corresponding to known origin. The results indicated, however, that the structuring between the two groups of wild and cultivated types was weak. As crop and wild recipients are genetically close and genes are transferred between the two types rather frequently, focus on mitigating crop-wild gene flow should be increased, before transgenic varieties are cultivated openly.

Fatimah in Nusantara

ABSTRAK Tokoh Fatimah, anak Nabi Muhammad, isteri kepada Ali bin Abi Talib dan ibu Hasan dan Husa... more ABSTRAK Tokoh Fatimah, anak Nabi Muhammad, isteri kepada Ali bin Abi Talib dan ibu Hasan dan Husain adalah contoh unggul tradisional bagi wanita Muslim. Dari segi politik, Fatimah adalah anak keturunan Nabi dan ibu kepada imam-imam mazhab Shi'ah. Beliau juga disanjung sebagai contoh kerohanian kerana sifat penyayang dan belas kasihan kepada orang di sekitarnya. Sehubungan itu, banyak teks manuskrip Melayu