Gary T Manning | Biola University (original) (raw)

Papers by Gary T Manning

BGU 1208, A Letter from Tryphon to Asclepiades, is a family business letter written about 27-26 B... more BGU 1208, A Letter from Tryphon to Asclepiades, is a family business letter written about 27-26 BC. It has drawn attention primarily because it includes the word αὐθεντέω, and thus is used in debates over the use of αὐθεντέω in 1 Tim 2:12. However, no translation of the whole letter has been available, leading to a number of speculative reconstructions of the situation behind the letter. This article provides a detailed translation and explanation of the letter, brief translations of the other letters in this group (BGU 1203-1209), and an explanation of the use of αὐθεντέω in this letter.

The Gospel of John and Revelation use some of the same large-scale narrative features, and they b... more The Gospel of John and Revelation use some of the same large-scale narrative features, and they both use those features to advance similar theological purposes.

eds.), After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet (LHBOTS; London: T&T Clark, ... more eds.), After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet (LHBOTS; London: T&T Clark, 2010).

The Gospels' use of the Old Testament is a fruitful area of study. Especially in the last thirty ... more The Gospels' use of the Old Testament is a fruitful area of study. Especially in the last thirty years, there has been an abundance of studies analyzing the many quotations and allusions to Scripture found in the four gospels. Most of these studies try to do what is most important: discover how the particular OT references and their contexts shed light on the evangelists' meaning. What I would like to do in this study is to ask a slightly different question, one that builds on the detailed exegetical studies that are already available. 1 How does Scripture function in the narrative of each Gospel? If we apply literary skills to the evangelists' use of Scripture, what does it tell us about how Scripture contributes to each narrative? And then what does such a literary analysis suggest about the evangelists' theology, especially their views on Jesus and the Scripture?

Paper presented at the Evangelical Theological Society, November 2011.

This is the text of of my 2003 PhD dissertation. It was then published in 2005 (after some editin... more This is the text of of my 2003 PhD dissertation. It was then published in 2005 (after some editing) by Sheffield Academic Press in the JSNTS series (now called the LNTS).

This dissertation examines intertextual connections to Ezekiel found in John and in Second Temple literature. One important aspect of intertextuality is to observe the connections between the context of the allusion in its original setting and its context in the later document. Chapter One describes the method used in the dissertation, described as “comparative intertextuality.” Intertextual connections between Ezekiel and later Second Temple works are compared with intertextual connections between Ezekiel and the Gospel of John.
Chapters Two examines the numerous allusions and quotations of Ezekiel in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Some DSS authors used passages from Ezekiel to describe a recapitulation of the Exile, with the Dead Sea Community as the righteous Exiles. Others used Ezekiel as a source of epithets and descriptors to distinguish themselves from their opponents.
Chapter Three studies the use of Ezekiel in other Second Temple literature. These works allude only to Ezekiel’s throne vision (Ezekiel 1, 10), the oracle against the shepherds (Ezekiel 34), and the dry bones oracle (Ezek 37:1-14).
Chapter Four examines John’s two clearest allusions to material in Ezekiel, the good shepherd (John 10/Ezekiel 34, 37) and the vine (John 15/Ezekiel 15, 17, 19). Chapter Five examines fainter allusions, such as the opened heavens (John 1:51/Ezek 1:1); imagery from the “dry bones” vision (John 5:25-28, 20:22/Ezek 37:1-14); and water symbolism (John 3:5, 4:13-14, 7:37-39, 21:1-11/Ezek 36:25-27, 47:1-12). In every case, John appropriates Ezekiel’s restoration oracles; the promises are now available only through Jesus, and only to those who believe in Jesus.
Chapter Six summarizes the dissertation and comments on how John’s use of Ezekiel fits within the use of Ezekiel in Second Temple literature. John shares certain tendencies with other literature, such as the combination of allusions from related OT passages, the resumption of allusions later in the same work, the modification of language for stylistic or linguistic reasons, and careful attention to the original context of the allusion. John has a few unique tendencies: he alludes to all five of Ezekiel’s “oracles of hope” and primarily uses that imagery to describe the giving of the Holy Spirit and new life through Jesus.

BGU 1208, A Letter from Tryphon to Asclepiades, is a family business letter written about 27-26 B... more BGU 1208, A Letter from Tryphon to Asclepiades, is a family business letter written about 27-26 BC. It has drawn attention primarily because it includes the word αὐθεντέω, and thus is used in debates over the use of αὐθεντέω in 1 Tim 2:12. However, no translation of the whole letter has been available, leading to a number of speculative reconstructions of the situation behind the letter. This article provides a detailed translation and explanation of the letter, brief translations of the other letters in this group (BGU 1203-1209), and an explanation of the use of αὐθεντέω in this letter.

The Gospel of John and Revelation use some of the same large-scale narrative features, and they b... more The Gospel of John and Revelation use some of the same large-scale narrative features, and they both use those features to advance similar theological purposes.

eds.), After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet (LHBOTS; London: T&T Clark, ... more eds.), After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet (LHBOTS; London: T&T Clark, 2010).

The Gospels' use of the Old Testament is a fruitful area of study. Especially in the last thirty ... more The Gospels' use of the Old Testament is a fruitful area of study. Especially in the last thirty years, there has been an abundance of studies analyzing the many quotations and allusions to Scripture found in the four gospels. Most of these studies try to do what is most important: discover how the particular OT references and their contexts shed light on the evangelists' meaning. What I would like to do in this study is to ask a slightly different question, one that builds on the detailed exegetical studies that are already available. 1 How does Scripture function in the narrative of each Gospel? If we apply literary skills to the evangelists' use of Scripture, what does it tell us about how Scripture contributes to each narrative? And then what does such a literary analysis suggest about the evangelists' theology, especially their views on Jesus and the Scripture?

Paper presented at the Evangelical Theological Society, November 2011.

This is the text of of my 2003 PhD dissertation. It was then published in 2005 (after some editin... more This is the text of of my 2003 PhD dissertation. It was then published in 2005 (after some editing) by Sheffield Academic Press in the JSNTS series (now called the LNTS).

This dissertation examines intertextual connections to Ezekiel found in John and in Second Temple literature. One important aspect of intertextuality is to observe the connections between the context of the allusion in its original setting and its context in the later document. Chapter One describes the method used in the dissertation, described as “comparative intertextuality.” Intertextual connections between Ezekiel and later Second Temple works are compared with intertextual connections between Ezekiel and the Gospel of John.
Chapters Two examines the numerous allusions and quotations of Ezekiel in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Some DSS authors used passages from Ezekiel to describe a recapitulation of the Exile, with the Dead Sea Community as the righteous Exiles. Others used Ezekiel as a source of epithets and descriptors to distinguish themselves from their opponents.
Chapter Three studies the use of Ezekiel in other Second Temple literature. These works allude only to Ezekiel’s throne vision (Ezekiel 1, 10), the oracle against the shepherds (Ezekiel 34), and the dry bones oracle (Ezek 37:1-14).
Chapter Four examines John’s two clearest allusions to material in Ezekiel, the good shepherd (John 10/Ezekiel 34, 37) and the vine (John 15/Ezekiel 15, 17, 19). Chapter Five examines fainter allusions, such as the opened heavens (John 1:51/Ezek 1:1); imagery from the “dry bones” vision (John 5:25-28, 20:22/Ezek 37:1-14); and water symbolism (John 3:5, 4:13-14, 7:37-39, 21:1-11/Ezek 36:25-27, 47:1-12). In every case, John appropriates Ezekiel’s restoration oracles; the promises are now available only through Jesus, and only to those who believe in Jesus.
Chapter Six summarizes the dissertation and comments on how John’s use of Ezekiel fits within the use of Ezekiel in Second Temple literature. John shares certain tendencies with other literature, such as the combination of allusions from related OT passages, the resumption of allusions later in the same work, the modification of language for stylistic or linguistic reasons, and careful attention to the original context of the allusion. John has a few unique tendencies: he alludes to all five of Ezekiel’s “oracles of hope” and primarily uses that imagery to describe the giving of the Holy Spirit and new life through Jesus.