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Papers by EMERSON A B R A H A M JACKSON

Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, Mar 29, 2024

Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, Dec 19, 2023

Journal of Heterodox Economics, Jun 1, 2017

This article was championed in view of the notion of (perceived) economic rationalisation which s... more This article was championed in view of the notion of (perceived) economic rationalisation which seem to be the foremost of patients' care in the NHS as opposed to addressing distress to their existing well-being, while in a state of being tormented with agonising news of prolonged ill health. Serious consideration is given to addressing the need to rationalise resources in ensuring the long standing history of the NHS' free health care is critically addressed, but not in a way that destroys confidence on the ability of professionals to manifest ethical prudence in their acts of judgments about whether patients' care is to be imminent or prolonged on a waiting list. There is certainly serious impacts to be comprehended with in situations of economic rationality through services provided by the NHS, but it is believed that tangible outcomes about definitive care for patients should be addressed collaboratively.

Social Science Research Network, 2021

Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges

This study explores the relationship between deposit and lending interest rates and money demand ... more This study explores the relationship between deposit and lending interest rates and money demand in Sierra Leone from 1980 to 2020. The research aims to shed light on interest rate volatility and its impact on the country's economic growth. The Autoregres

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now a 'buzz' word used by many corporate organis... more Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now a 'buzz' word used by many corporate organisations, and this article has provided a critical review of CSR activities for organisations operating in the natural resource sector in Sierra Leone. There have been some unravelling details in relation to the theoretical background of CSR, with different methodological approaches used to ascertain outcomes. Sierra Leone, a country full of memories relating to poverty, civil unrest and medical emergency can account for good model of CSR operation by some of its trustworthy corporations trading within its country. On this note, the activities of both Sierra Rutile Limited (SRL) and Miro-Forest have exhibited good example (and as well as some critical concerns) of their intent in contributing meaningfully towards sustainable engagement with communities, and backed by substantial investment in their workforce. Suggested recommendations have also expressed the need for corporations to be ope...

Social Science Research Network, 2016

This article looks critically at the education system in Sierra Leone with a view of ensuring sui... more This article looks critically at the education system in Sierra Leone with a view of ensuring suitable use of MOODLE which fosters virtual learning for the benefit of ensuring students' continuous engagement in activities to increase their learning prospects and competitive edge in the 21st century Information Age. Sierra Leone, amidst its economic challenges (legacy of a brutal civil crisis), is continuing to be bartered by difficult unforeseen situations (such as the recent Ebola outbreak) permeating into the fabrics of the education system. The architectural topology of MOODLE platform is addressed, in addition to challenges faced by users, particularly so in the context of Sierra Leone, where access to internet is a problem, but more advantageously, the open access nature of the platform meant that consideration for its usage can be viewed as a viable possibility to move the country into the 21st century generation of internet accessibility.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2021

Social Science Research Network, Oct 31, 2016

Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, Dec 31, 2022

This study was championed with the aim of exploring the role of an Inside-outsider researcher, an... more This study was championed with the aim of exploring the role of an Inside-outsider researcher, and in particular with respect to the researcher's experience during a 2021 field study undertakings in Goderich, Freetown, Sierra Leone. The methodologies employed were based on “Focus Group interviews and Participant Observations” on adult participants within the age group of 18+ years. The study revealed intricacies surrounding (ethical) positionality as an Inside-outsider researcher, with consciousness focused on the need to be completely removed from emotional incidences given historical ties in the community. The study outcome finally acknowledged the relevance of negotiating cooperation in a bid to build transforming structures associated with the provision of government support to avail relevant assets for residents’ use in the community. These are considered critical in reducing risks posed to the community on account of voracious and destructive livelihood activities pursued by residents in meeting personal / family livelihood needs.

Journal of Applied Thought, 2020

Social Science Research Network, 2021

The theoretical discourse of pluralism in this paper has paved the way for central banks research... more The theoretical discourse of pluralism in this paper has paved the way for central banks research approach to accommodate variety in methodological application, which currently seem to be skewed in the direction of monism. In the interest of ensuring welfare concern for citizens is addressed in the best possible way, this paper has expanded its discourse to incorporate economic pluralism that favours variety of methods. This notably include qualitative and quantitative approaches, with the emphasis of digressing on the new entrant of Mixed Research Synthesis (MRS). Such an approach will seek to explore research capacity in support of addressing opportunities for decent citizens' welfare as the impact of COVID-19 unfold itself.

Economic Insights - Trends and Challenges, 2023

The thrust of this theoretically informed paper is to assess human understanding of the paradoxic... more The thrust of this theoretically informed paper is to assess human understanding of the paradoxical concepts of rationality and irrationality-more so from the derived view of economic theory and the layman's understanding, which is socially informed by behavioural disposition as dictated by events outside of human control. The analytical outcome of the paper has shown that the (ir)rational state of the human being can truly be affirmed when our state of well-being is subjected to circumstances informed by uncertainties/abnormal conditions. While actors like the state (informed by its core agents in the fiscal and monetary sectors) can help support the market system, the human state of (ir)rationality as dictated by the existence of shocks/uncertainties is constantly tested to ensure the best situation is maximised when exposed to difficult situations. In conclusion, the paper has affirmed the need for a rethink of the theoretical proposition to accommodate continuous testing through practical engagement on how human beings can adjust their expectations when faced with uncertainties.

İktisat politikasi araştırmaları dergisi, Jan 27, 2022

This study assesses the nexus between credit risks and performance of commercial banks in Sierra ... more This study assesses the nexus between credit risks and performance of commercial banks in Sierra Leone using data collected from the Bank of Sierra Leone (BSL) on relevant Financial Soundness Indicators like ROA, Bank Liquidity, NPL, and Credit over the 2008Q1-2018Q4 period. Evidence from (unbalanced) panel data estimation within the fixed effects model shows that the fragility of the banking system stems from high NPLs. We further provide evidence that a low productive base in the domestic economy influences the state of high NPLs in the banking system. The study revealed the need for collaboration between the research arm of monetary policy and financial stability departments in a bid to monitor risk in the financial system, which the entire banking system experienced around 2015-2017 that resulted in stringent measures adopted by the BSL to rescue the two state-own commercial banks. Equally, vigilant approaches should be explored by the BSL authority that leads to (positive) structural changes in banks' approach to improving efficiency while at the same time minimizing continued risks to high NPLs and many more. The study finally recommends that ROA and ROE be adopted as independent indicators by the regulatory authorities to effectively monitor performances across the banking industry, as this would help monitor unexpected shocks in the banking system.

Social Science Research Network, 2018

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Jun 11, 2018

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide forum for critical discourses in the area of retr... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide forum for critical discourses in the area of retroduction thinking in the re-orientation of social sciences research at the Bank of Sierra Leone. It is acknowledged that economic research at the bank is more oriented towards the orthodox approach (Keynesian, etc.), while that of the un-orthodox (heterodox) view is being blighted by the need to prove economic theory application without much consideration given to the imperfect market economic conditions faced in the country. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of the paper is based on critical theoretical literature review of documents and also the assessment of current approach to research practices at the Bank of Sierra Leone. Findings There is actually a pool of professionals from different backgrounds, whose passion have been coordinated to embrace the idea of integrating variety of triangulation approaches (methodological, theoretical, data, and investigator) in their pursuit of exploring best practices for policy research at the bank. Research is an ontological journey and the process of its epistemological inquiry requires pool of experts, drawn from wide range of backgrounds (mainstream Social Sciences, Mathematical Science, etc.), whose approaches are pertinent in the pursuit of human discovery, and particularly for policy development, as in the case with the Bank of Sierra Leone. This work has highlighted several salient recommended points for future action in the lead towards energizing research at the bank. Originality/value The effort to provide this paper is very original, which is based on the author's experience of working in a research focused environment. This paper will be of value to future pursuance of work in promoting triangulation research at the Bank of Sierra Leone. It is hoped that the outcome of this will spearhead mixture of professional engagement of work activities that is geared towards addressing effective policy formulation at the bank in meeting its key objective (maintaining price stability).

Springer eBooks, 2021

Views expressed in this chapter are those of the author(s) and do not reflect any of the named in... more Views expressed in this chapter are those of the author(s) and do not reflect any of the named institutions for which he is associated. SYNONYMS Modernization Transmutation Technological revolution DEFINITION  In view of addressing the focus of this chapter, conceptual definition of the term innovation as provided in the Business Dictionary (Online) "is the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value for which customers will pay". In the current era of technological transformation, innovation can be thought of as the mastermind behind the growth of businesses, particularly when the focus is geared towards maximising profits in the midst of fierce competition (Arque-Castells and Spulber, 2019; Carayannis et al, 2019). Innovation give rise to a situation where obsolete or existing means of production are almost forced to become obsolete on the basis of creativity in human ingenuity, which is due to continuous advancement in Research and Development (R&D) championed by entrepreneurs. Linked with the theory of creative destruction as coined by the Austrian Economist, Joseph Schumpter in 1942, the process of innovation normally result in the 'birth and death of ideas', but with the former taking lead role in transforming the world as creative ideas continue to manifest itself in the world economy. Such approach to creative destruction is perceived as a necessary evil, given the scope it generate through nurturing of human creativity to cater for a rising global population, saturated by their insatiable needs (Kopp, 2019).

Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, Mar 29, 2024

Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, Dec 19, 2023

Journal of Heterodox Economics, Jun 1, 2017

Social Science Research Network, 2021

Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges

Social Science Research Network, 2016

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Oct 1, 2021

Social Science Research Network, Oct 31, 2016

Journal of Research in Educational Sciences, Dec 31, 2022

Journal of Applied Thought, 2020

Social Science Research Network, 2021

Economic Insights - Trends and Challenges, 2023

İktisat politikasi araştırmaları dergisi, Jan 27, 2022

Social Science Research Network, 2018

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Jun 11, 2018

Springer eBooks, 2021

Springer, Cham , 2020

There are myriad of definitions associated with the phrase “career development” (see Egan et al. ... more There are myriad of definitions associated with the phrase “career development” (see Egan et al. 2006: pp. 457–467), and in this entry, we have limited highlights to couple as outlined below:
“Career development is a lifelong, continuous process of developing and implementing a self-concept, testing it against reality, with satisfaction to self and benefit to society” (Super 1957, p. 282).

“Career development is a balancing operation-recognizing and meeting the needs of the individual while recognizing and responding to outer forces and a lifelong process of working out a synthesis between the self and the reality, opportunities and limitations of the world” (Kroll et al. 1970, p.17).

“Career development focuses on the alignment of individual subjective career aspects and the more objective career aspects of the organization in order to achieve the best fit between individual and organizational needs as well as personal characteristics and career roles” (Boudreaux 2001:p. 805).

“Career development is the total constellation of psychological, sociological, educational, physical, economic and chance factors that combine to shape the career of an individual over the life span” (Sears 1982, 139; Herr 2001, 196; also excerpted in Patton and McMahon 2014, 7).

“Career development … connotes a continuous stream of career-relevant events that are not necessarily linear or positive in impact and that may or may not be subject to personal agency (e.g., being born into poverty, losing a job due to the bankruptcy of one’s company” (Brown and Lent 2013; also excerpted in Patton and McMahon 2014, 7).

All the definitions highlighted above have (directly or indirectly) stressed the importance of career development as being a lifelong process geared toward enhancing and preparing people for opportunities that may be used to capacitate easy sustainable means of livelihood. Though not fully exhaustive, the need for career development as addressed in the definitions is to develop/capacitate the self in pursuit of decent work for both present and future generations.

Springer Nature, Cham, 2020

The concept of globalization first emerged in English dictionary around the 1940s, with a broad f... more The concept of globalization first emerged in English dictionary around the 1940s, with a broad focus in addressing economic and political issues. In contemporary time, the discourse of globalization is now channelled in the direction of speed, particularly in the area of technological innovation and its consequences on social, political, and economic life (Estrada and Arturo 2020; Griffith and Marion 2020; Kinnvall 2004). Claims of the historical commencement of globalization have been dated as early as in 1492 (Christopher Columbus in search of America) and 1498 (Vasco da Gama’s run in Africa in a bid to snatch monopoly rent from the Arabs and Venetian spice traders).

Springer Nature, 2020

Public service is the engine of effective governance delivery in the world economy; governments a... more Public service is the engine of effective governance delivery in the world economy; governments across the world cannot function well without the enabling structures of public administration to deliver on their mandate as set out mostly in (political) manifestos, while also making sure the core mandate for meeting citizens’ basic welfare needs are made available through an efficient market system.

Springer Nature, 2020

Innovation economics is geared towards harnessing the good in human ingenuity to bring about dyna... more Innovation economics is geared towards harnessing the good in human ingenuity to bring about dynamic efficiency that result in changed habit formation of consumer choices in the market, together with high quality / performance of goods and services consumed by economic agents. In as much as the worries or concern that innovation bring, given its characteristics of creatively destroying existing ideas or product existence in the market, it can still be seen as the way forward in accumulating wealth creation, while increasing welfare opportunities for those who are ready to embrace change in a fiercely competitive environment. Figure 1 below provide a simple illustration of how cost-reducing innovation and technological change can be utilised to bring about positive gains in producer and consumer surplus (Riley, Online) which eventually result in lower prices, and the scope for an increase in real income of households or individuals.

Springer, Cham, 2020

The use of the term gender sensitivity and its synonyms [as outlined at the start of this entry] ... more The use of the term gender sensitivity and its synonyms [as outlined at the start of this entry] has taken a positive trajectory for the good of people in general, particularly women living in predominantly patriarchal society that sees no harm in male hegemony. Given the resilience of those of its supporters/proponents, it could be seen as a way of building community cohesiveness, with the ultimate goal of positively impacting on development and growth (Jackson 1996; Kabeer 2008; Pearson 2005). Gender economists like Kabeer and Natalie (2013) have demonstrated in their research the asymmetric state of gender inequality around the world; empirical research shows that gender inclusivity contributes immensely to economic growth in areas pertaining to education and employability.

Springer, Cham, May 27, 2020

The collective bargaining agreements terminology as used nowadays was first coined in 1891 by Bea... more The collective bargaining agreements terminology as used nowadays was first coined in 1891 by Beatrice Webb – this is connected with the field of industrial relations, which commenced in Britain (Wilkinson et al. 2015). This has been done to enhance welfare conditions for workers, who during the rise of trade union activities in the eighteenth century needed some level of protection to support issues pertaining to illegal dismissal, severance packages, decent pay level that takes account of changed economic conditions like demand and supply-side shocks, which normally result in inflationary pressures. With the rise of industrial revolution in the United States, the enactment of the “National Labor Relations Act” of 1935 then made it quite illegal for employers to deny union rights to an employee (Pope 2006; Atleson 1983). This was seen as wise move to protect vulnerable employees from being dismissed without much protection to defend their rights while in employment.

Springer, 2019

As defined by Winston (2006), “market failure is an equilibrium allocation of resources that is n... more As defined by Winston (2006), “market failure is an equilibrium allocation of resources that is not Pareto Optimal – the potential causes of which may be market power, natural monopoly, imperfect information, externalities, or public good.” In this context, the Pareto Optimality or efficiency paradigm states that for microeconomic efficiency to be achieved, there should be no room to make one person better-off without making another worse-off.

Springer, 2020

Informal employment, a terminology also synonymous with informal economy and the underground econ... more Informal employment, a terminology also synonymous with informal economy and the underground economy, is defined by the ILO (2000, p. 3) as “comprising all jobs in informal sector enterprises, or all persons who, during a given reference period, were employed in at least one informal sector enterprise, irrespective of their status in employment and whether it was their main or a secondary job,”

Springer, Cham, 2019

This book chapter addresses market failure issues in general, but with special case study emphasi... more This book chapter addresses market failure issues in general, but with special case study emphasis in the Sierra Leone economy.

Lulu, 2018

This book addresses core concepts of research methodology and its distinguishing features from re... more This book addresses core concepts of research methodology and its distinguishing features from research methods. It is aimed at students undertaking research methods courses in universities and practicing professional.

IntechOpen, 2018

This chapter addresses the interconnectedness between the different areas that form the wide disc... more This chapter addresses the interconnectedness between the different areas that form the wide discipline of the social sciences. In as much as the social sciences field is trying to prove its scientific strength through empirical justification of research endeavours, there is a need to address how best cooperation can be established so that research endeavours will produce fruitful outcomes, in the best interest of societal development. The current process of methodological pursuance of knowledge exploration varies, while some areas like economic science, particularly econometric methodology, seem to have aligned its investigative processes to that of empirical investigation, with very little consideration given to addressing other areas of methodological input, for example, that which is concerned with qualitative methods, for example hermeneutics. This chapter has provided an open academic discourse on the way forward for researchers' engagement in the world of research endeavour.

Springer Nature, Cham, 2020

The topical discourse of intersectionality is a growing area of importance to dealing with issues... more The topical discourse of intersectionality is a growing area of importance to dealing with issues around marginalisation experienced by black women and women-of-color around the world. It may seem obvious that the way forward in addressing issues around the subject of intersectionality, given its multidimensional focus, is to be very sensitive, while also acknowledging the need to explore the silence of those that have being traumatized through the pain of psychological subjection.
Its emergence in the late 1980s to the early 1990s was borne out of a critical viewpoint of its founding legal scholar, Kimberle ́ Crenshaw (1989: 139), whose intention was based around the need to develop an objective standpoint about the legal issues revolving around color-blindness, neutrality, and objectivity (Nash, 2008: 2). There has been a lot of critique on the narrowly held discourse, which to some scholars is modelled on a singular dimension of “race and gender". While to the hardcore of black feminists and anti-racist critics, it goes beyond the singular dimensional discourse, given the need for blacks and women of color to continually raise their concerns around the hegemony of white feminists, hence making it quite difficult for there to be a uni-directional journey on the effort to address marginality. Addressing issues around the subject matter can be viewed as a form of mathematical puzzle, with its vector interconnectedness of synthesizing a common methodological solution on the way forward.

Conference Paper, 2023

The study investigated the effectiveness of the interest rate channel of monetary policy transmis... more The study investigated the effectiveness of the interest rate channel of monetary policy transmission to domestic price level in Sierra Leone using data from February 2011 to June 2022. Two VAR models are employed to analyze the relationship between the lending rate and credit to the private sector, exchange rate, money supply, and consumer price index. The results indicate that a one standard deviation shock to lending rates does not significantly affect credit to the private sector, suggesting that the lending rate channel has minimal impact. The impact of the lending rate on the exchange rate is also insignificant. However, the impact of the monetary policy rate on the lending rate is significant. Thus, while monetary policy rate is effectively transmitted to the lending rate, the lending rate does not effectively transmit to other monetary variables of interest, including credit to the private sector and the price level, implying that the role of the monetary policy rate in Sierra Leone is quite limited. Thus, there is a need for structural changes, including building financial inclusion to reduce the role of cash transactions.