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Papers by John Carman

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Archaeologies, 2020

The continuing threat of the COVID-19 virus and the ongoing rise in infections, causing in some p... more The continuing threat of the COVID-19 virus and the ongoing rise in infections, causing in some people very serious symptoms, has led to a further review of prospects for WAC-9 in Prague. WAC President Koji Mizoguchi and the WAC-9 Academic Secretary report below the decision to defer the Congress until July 2022, which will still take place in Prague as advertised on the back page of this issue. WAC recognizes that there are those whose planned contributions may be worthy of an earlier circulation and wishes to retain some momentum in the organization. To assist with maintaining WAC members’ interactions within and between the global archaeological community, it is planned to provide a WAC-9 Virtual Pre-congress in 2021. In addition, especially for those who may not be able to take part in a purely online event, Archaeologies plans to offer the opportunity to publish short Special Issues. Each issue will be built around contributions to one or more sessions within particular Themes ...

Archaeologies, 2018

Taking as its start-point a radical intervention in the field of archaeology and heritage-one tha... more Taking as its start-point a radical intervention in the field of archaeology and heritage-one that laid down a direct challenge to the unspoken discourse of property relations inherent in our management of cultural resources-this article considers how much has changed since that intervention. In particular, the article considers developments in the manner of legal regulation of archaeological heritage, the adoption of ideas from economics, and relations with communities that have taken place in archaeology. It identifies differences between the rhetoric of commentators and practitioners and their actual practice that we need to address if we seek truly to turn our field into one that serves the wider community rather than merely telling others how to be. ________________________________________________________________ Résumé: En partant d'une intervention radicale dans le domaine de l'archéologie et du patrimoine, une intervention qui contredit directement le discours tacite des rapports patrimoniaux inhérents à la façon dont nous gérons les ressources culturelles, le présent article mesure les changements survenus depuis. Il tient précisément compte des développements observés dans le champ des règlements juridiques en matière de patrimoine archéologique, de l'adoption de concepts économiques et des rapports avec les communautés dans le contexte de l'archéologie. L'article identifie des différences entre la rhétorique des commentateurs et des praticiens et leur pratique réelle en soulevant la nécessité de les adresser si nous cherchons vraiment à mettre notre discipline au service de la communauté globale au lieu de dicter de simples façons d'être. Resumen: Tomando como punto de partida una intervenció n radical en el campo de la arqueología y del patrimonio, la que planteó un desafío directo al discurso tácito de las relaciones de propiedad inherentes a nuestra gestió n de los recursos culturales, este artículo considera cuánto ha cambiado desde esa intervenció n. En particular, el artículo considera los cambios en la regulació n legal del patrimonio arqueoló gico, la adopció n de ideas de economía y las relaciones con las comunidades que han ocurrido en la arqueología. Identifica diferencias entre la retó rica de los RESEARCH

Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage, 2017

Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern yo... more Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.

Archaeologies, 2016

________________________________________________________________ 'Sustainability' is a concept th... more ________________________________________________________________ 'Sustainability' is a concept that suffuses the present. Policy initiatives require 'sustainability' as one of the criteria by which projects are judged. In recognition of their role as interpreters and custodians of the past, archaeologists are one of the many groups contributing to the creation of 'a sustainable historic environment' and 'sustainable communities'. Accordingly, sustainability is a concept that we perhaps need to incorporate into our activities as educators of future good citizens and into our training for the profession of archaeology. This paper seeks to address this issue, particularly in the light of Themes and Sessions relating to both sustainability and education at WAC8, but where the link between them remains unexamined. ________________________________________________________________ Résumé: La durabilité est un concept qui baigne le présent. Les initiatives politiques exigent que la «durabilité» soit un des critères d'évaluation des projets. En reconnaissance de leur rô le d'interprètes et de gardiens du passé, les archéologues font partie des nombreux groupes qui contribuent à la création d'un «environnement historique durable» et de «communautés durables». La durabilité est donc un concept que nous devons potentiellement intégrer dans nos activités d'éducateurs, pour former des citoyens de demain et des professionnels de l'archéologie de premier rang. Cet article tente de cerner cet enjeu, particulièrement à la lumière des thèmes et séances du WAC-8 relatifs à la durabilité et l'éducation, mais là où le lien qui les unit demeure mal étudié. ________________________________________________________________ Resumen: La sostenibilidad es un concepto que cubre el presente. Las iniciativas políticas requieren ''sostenibilidad'' como uno de los criterios mediante el cual se juzgan los proyectos. En reconocimiento de su papel como intérpretes y custodios del pasado, los arqueó logos son uno de los muchos grupos que contribuyen a la creació n de 'un entorno histó rico sostenible' y de 'comunidades sostenibles'. Por consiguiente, la sostenibilidad es un concepto que quizás necesitemos incorporar a nuestras actividades como educadores de buenos ciudadanos futuros y a nuestra RESEARCH ARCHAEOLOGIES Volume 12 Number

Archaeological resource management (ARM) is the practice of recording, evaluating, preserving for... more Archaeological resource management (ARM) is the practice of recording, evaluating, preserving for future research and presenting to the public the material remains of the past. Almost all countries uphold a set of principles and laws for the preservation and professional management of archaeological remains. This book offers a critical and comparative perspective on the law and professional practices of managing archaeological remains. Beginning with a global history of ARM, John Carman provides an overview of legal and professional regulations governing ARM today. He then turns to consider the main practices involved in managing archaeological remains, namely, their identification and recording, their evaluation for 'significance', their preservation and their presentation to the public. As a whole, the book offers an overview of what ARM 'does' in the world, with implications for understanding the role of archaeology as a contemporary set of practices that determin...

The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 2015

Archaeological Practice in Great Britain, 2011

Fieldwork is only part of a programme of archaeological research. For many archaeologists, it is ... more Fieldwork is only part of a programme of archaeological research. For many archaeologists, it is the most interesting bit, but just as important (and for some just as much, if not more fun) are the ‘post-excavation’ stages – sorting out what you have found and making sense of it, and then telling your story to the rest of the world.

Archaeological Practice in Great Britain, 2011

Drawing on qualitative interviews that are complemented by the analysis of government policy docu... more Drawing on qualitative interviews that are complemented by the analysis of government policy documents, this study examines statelessness in Ghana. It addresses a range of policy, legal, institutional, administrative, and other politico-socioeconomic matters attendant to the concept. The study defines statelessness in its strict legal sense. It recognizes populations at risk of statelessness that may be restricted from benefiting from the protection and privileges of their host state. Persons identified by the study as stateless or at risk of statelessness include persons from traditionally nomadic migratory communities, former refugees, persons residing in border communities, members of Zongo communities, trafficked persons, and those affected by gaps in previous constitutions. The study also identifies the consequences of statelessness, including lack of access to healthcare, education, justice, and work. The study offers several recommendations to prevent and reduce statelessness in Ghana.

Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2014

Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified... more Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. • Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of 'fair dealing' under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.

Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork, 2012

Journal of Field Archaeology, 1996

... Kevin Walsh, Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester. Page 14. Page 15. Introducti... more ... Kevin Walsh, Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester. Page 14. Page 15. IntroductionArchaeology is increasingly important in contemporary society. Some archaeologies provide a narrative of prehistory and a complement to documentary history. ...

Archaeologies, 2018

As readers will know, our host organisation the World Archaeological Congress has a global reach ... more As readers will know, our host organisation the World Archaeological Congress has a global reach and represents us to other global organisations. Key areas for WAC's concern are of course the treatment of archaeological remains and engagements with communities, especially Indigenous communities. Most recently, WAC has engaged with the World Bank in commenting on the latter's policy on development as it affects archaeological resources and engagements with communities. This is not the first time WAC and the World Bank have had conversations: representatives of the World Bank have attended and spoken at several WAC Congresses and been well received. What is shocking in the most recent contacts has been the disregard for and ignorance of archaeological and Indigenous interests shown by the World Bank in its policy-making. As Editors, we wish to put on record our support for WAC initiatives in engaging with issues that affect our community and maintaining the ethical standards WAC has set in these areas. We urge other organisations whose work engages with or affects archaeological material or the communities they represent to ensure that organisations such as WAC are approached for advice in policy and that advice is fully incorporated into policy and practice. Alexander the Great's Heritage, and Dispute Over the Descendants of His Two Sons The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute over the use of the name ''Macedonia'' between the southeastern European countries of Greece and the former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia. The specific naming dispute, although an ongoing issue in Yugoslav-Greek relations since World War II, was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly

Archaeologies, Nov 9, 2017

It is hard to believe that even now in the 21st century the genocide of indigenous people may be ... more It is hard to believe that even now in the 21st century the genocide of indigenous people may be possible anywhere in the World. But the shocking truth is that such atrocities are happening right now in Amazonia. Public prosecutors in Brazil have opened an investigation after reports that illegal gold miners in a remote area of the Amazon River have massacred over ten members of a yet-uncontacted indigenous tribe. This is already the fifth tribe recently entirely wiped out from the area! The killings took place this August along the River Jandiatuba in western Brazil. The gold miners were boasting about their ''bravery'' and showing off ''war trophies'' in the nearby town. Women and children were also among the dead. The territories of two other vulnerable uncontacted tribes-the Kawahiva and Piripkura-have also reportedly recently been invaded by hundreds of gold miners, ranchers and loggers. The process of genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil began with the Portuguese colonisation in 1500. This process, however, continues up to the present day. Over eighty indigenous tribes were destroyed between 1900 and 1957, and the overall indigenous population declined by over eighty per cent, from over one million to around two hundred thousand (Hinton 2002, 57). The 1988 Brazilian Constitution recognises indigenous peoples' right to pursue their traditional ways of life and to the permanent and exclusive possession of their ''traditional lands'', which are demarcated as Indigenous Territories (Federal Constitution of Brazil: Chapter VII Article 231). In fact Brazil's indigenous people still face a number of external threats to their continued existence and cultural heritage (United States Department of State: Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011). Two of the Jandiatuba murderers have been arrested, and we believe the Brazilian authorities should make their case exemplary and so substantially strengthen the legal protection of the rights of indigenous peoples of Amazonia.

The origins of war and ethnic violence, Jonathan Haas biosocial and bioarchaeological aspects of ... more The origins of war and ethnic violence, Jonathan Haas biosocial and bioarchaeological aspects of conflict and warfare, Don Brothwell beyond the Western way of war - ancient battlefields in comparative perspective, John Carman stone age warfare, Slavomil Vencl war and peace in prehistoric Eastern Europe, P.M. Dolukhanov neolithic enclosures in Greek Macedonia - violent and non-violent aspects of territorial demarcation, Dimkitra Kokkinidou and Marianna Nikolaidou the origins of warfare in the prehistory of Central and Eastern Europe, John Chapman the origins of warfare in the British Isles, R.J. Mercer warfare - a defining characteristic of Bronze Age Europe?, Anthony Harding the emergence of warrior aristocracies in later European prehistory and their long-term history, Kristian Kristiansen into the Iron Age - a discourse on war and society, Klaus Randsborg hoplite obliteration - the case of the town of Thespiae, Victor Davis Hanson the elusive warrior maiden tradition - bearing wea...

which has subsequently been the focus of other authors’ attention (Gilman 1995; Wulff and Álvarez... more which has subsequently been the focus of other authors’ attention (Gilman 1995; Wulff and Álvarez 2003). Díaz-Andreu argues – in my opinion, correctly – that the dictatorship involved important changes for Spanish archaeology, although there was some continuity on the theoretical plane. Finally, chapter 5 analyses imperialist archaeology in Spain, using research about prehistoric art at the beginning of the twentieth century as a case study. The four chapters in the second part deal with the involvement of archaeology in the construction of the different national identities existing in the Spanish state (chapter 6), in Islamic archaeology (chapter 7), the concept of culture and its relation to nationalist ideology (chapter 8), and the identities and rights to the past in indigenous communities (chapter 9). In conclusion, this book analyses diverse aspects of the history of Spanish archaeology within the European framework with both originality and innovation. This contextualization of a particular case – Spanish archaeology – within an international setting has a lot to do with Díaz-Andreu’s work in a British university and her broad knowledge of history and archaeology, which become clear once again in other recent works (e.g. Díaz-Andreu forthcoming). The interest in and importance of this book has already been emphasized by Ruiz Zapatero in its prologue and in several subsequent publications (Ayarzagüena 2006:14). The studies that are brought together herein have introduced topics and problems that are currently being studied in greater depth by many others. These include the relationship between archaeology and dictatorships and the influence of nationalism and international relations. New research is now fleshing out ideas suggested by Díaz-Andreu with information obtained from archives and documentary collections. This book is required reading for anyone who is interested in the historical development of archaeology in Spain.

Archaeologies, 2020

Archaeologies, 2018

Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage, 2017

Archaeologies, 2016

The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 2015

Archaeological Practice in Great Britain, 2011

Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2014

Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork, 2012

Journal of Field Archaeology, 1996

Archaeologies, 2018

Archaeologies, Nov 9, 2017

Routledge, 1995

A curated collection of papers, statements, editorial from a conference held at Peterhouse, Cambr... more A curated collection of papers, statements, editorial from a conference held at Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1992 and offering an overview of the contemporary state of anthropological archaeology and its agendas.

Includes Hodder and Shanks on Processual, Postprocessual and Interpretive Archaeologies.