Afif HASAN | Birzeit University (original) (raw)
Papers by Afif HASAN
Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies
Journal of Cleaner Production
ABSTRACT Supporting engineering education is considered as one of the main goals that lead to str... more ABSTRACT Supporting engineering education is considered as one of the main goals that lead to strong Palestinian economy due to the strong interactions and synergy effects between education and the economy. Engineering education is considered a mid-point that connects natural resources at one side to industrial products at the other side. To keep this connection in a sustainable manner that guarantees maintaining these resources for the longest time of life, engineering courses and programs are designed by integrating sustainability aspects into engineering education in order to increase productivity resource efficiency without damaging the environment.The focal point of this paper is the academic faculties of engineering where education and training courses are designed and delivered on one hand and innovation and research are fostered on the other hand. This paper demonstrates an overview of the potential contributions of academia in altering the attitude of industries toward more sustainable resource consumption and capacity building for implementing sustainable engineering. Bachelor and master engineering programs will be considered in the paper. Cooperation and partnership between higher educational institutions and industry will be addressed in the context of sustainability and taking into account national and international indicators for this partnership.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the per... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective of engineering education in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territory (Palestine). First, the paper reviews the concept of resource efficiency from several perspectives including energy, electricity and water related challenges, material management and solid waste management. Then the current state of the education and training is discussed along with some details regarding the developed resource accounting perspective for engineering education. Open knowledge platform is foreseen to aid the transition from problem to solution, bringing engineering education up front to tackle the resource efficiency challenges in the MENA region. Finally, capacity building through university graduates is considered as an important mechanism for raising awareness in resource efficiency.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 01425910008914361, Apr 6, 2007
ABSTRACT Domestic household thermosyphons are economically feasible and are used by over than 70%... more ABSTRACT Domestic household thermosyphons are economically feasible and are used by over than 70% of houses in Palestine. Although domestic solar water heating for commercial applications has a good potential, only a few systems have been installed in Palestine. A systematic sizing approach for the solar system is presented in this paper and applied to a certain case study. The solar system sizing is based on the life-cycle cost LCC analysis. For the chosen case study of domestic water heating for a hotel, with hot water consumption of 2600 liters per day, the optimum collector area was found to be 37 m2, the solar fraction of heating 0.78, the LCC of system is SI 3778, with annual savings of 1338$/year and a pay back period of 3 years. With this optimized system, the cost of water heating is 1.8 /m3comparingwith2.6/m3comparing with 2.6 /m3comparingwith2.6/m3 for the conventional system.
Stone and Marble industry is considered as one of the main sources of the Palestinian economy. Th... more Stone and Marble industry is considered as one of the main sources of the Palestinian economy. This sector contributes to about 50% of the local production, 30% of the exports and 14% of the employment capacity. This paper discusses some statistical numbers and historical information about Stone and Marble sector in Palestine. It concentrates on environmental, economic, and social impact of this industry, presents the lifecycle of stone and marble, and proposes strategy for proper and efficient use of resources including natural stone, water and energy during production processes. 3Rs (Reclaim, Reuse and Recycle) principles have been used to minimize the waste at each stage of stone and marble lifecycle.
This paper aims at summarizing the results of the survey for determining the qualifications need ... more This paper aims at summarizing the results of the survey for determining the qualifications need of local industry in Palestine. It comes as an output of the first work package named “Identify stakeholders, their needs and education and training contents in Palestine” of the Tempus project called “Middle Eastern Partnership in Sustainable Engineering” with acronym (ME-Eng). The project aims to enhance the value creation of the Palestinian industries by providing qualified engineers who are able to design and develop sustainable products and processes. Master program in Sustainable Production and Quality Engineering, and Education & Training centers will be considered as demonstrator of the project. Education & Training centers will enhance the cooperation with local industries by providing Lifelong learning short courses. In order to achieve the goals of this work package, a questionnaire has been prepared and distributed in the local Palestinian industries. The results of the quest...
The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective ... more The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective of engineering education in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territory (Palestine). First, the paper reviews the concept of resource efficiency from several perspectives including energy, electricity and water related challenges, material management and solid waste management. Then the current state of the education and training is discussed along with some details regarding the developed resource accounting perspective for engineering education. Open knowledge platform is foreseen to aid the transition from problem to solution, bringing engineering education up front to tackle the resource efficiency challenges in the MENA region. Finally, capacity building through university graduates is considered as an important mechanism for raising awareness in resource efficiency.
Procedia CIRP, 2015
ABSTRACT Signing cooperation agreements is considered as the first step in building industry-acad... more ABSTRACT Signing cooperation agreements is considered as the first step in building industry-academia partnership, but it is not enough as far as they stay on paper. These partnership agreements have to enhance the economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental protection and global responsibilities, while solving the industrial technical and logistic problems. Cooperation may include carrying out scientific research activities and applying the results of these researches to solve real problems of industry. The current partnership situation in Palestine shows a weak cooperation, hence steps to improve the partnership are urgent. European experience of industry-academia partnership can be the base for developing similar programs and activities for Palestine and other developing countries. This paper discusses the existing status of industry- academia partnership with relevance to engineering education and the horizons of implementing new scenarios and strategies in developing countries particularly in Palestine. In order to close the gap between academia and industry it is suggested to implement curricula improvement by including sustainability concepts on one hand and improving teaching methods on the other hand.
World Renewable Energy Congress VI, 2000
Solar Energy, 2004
A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, ... more A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, using a binary ammonia–water mixture as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or an independent cycle using low
Solar Energy, 2002
The first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to analyze a novel thermodynamic cycle prop... more The first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to analyze a novel thermodynamic cycle proposed by Goswami in 1995 that uses an ammonia-water binary mixture as the working fluid, while producing both power and refrigeration simultaneously. The thermodynamic performance of the cycle was optimized for maximum second law efficiency using a commercially available optimization program. A maximum second law efficiency of 65.8% was obtained at a heat source temperature of 420 K. An exergy analysis was performed to study losses in different components of the cycle. It is seen that the largest contribution to cycle irreversibility comes from the absorber, with the rectifier and solution heat exchanger also contributing significantly. Irreversibility generation in the boiler is high at very low heat source temperatures, but drops at higher temperatures.
Solar Energy, 1994
Ex~rimental investigation of palmitic acid as a phase change material (PCM) for energy storage ha... more Ex~rimental investigation of palmitic acid as a phase change material (PCM) for energy storage has been carried out in this work. The parametric study of phase transition included transition times and temperature ranges, propagation of the solid liquid interface, as well as the heat flow rate characteristics of the employed circular tube storage system. The experimental results proved that the melting front moves in the radial as well as in the axial directions. The convection heat transfer in the liquid phase plays an important role in the melting process. And the simple conduction model does not describe the melting process properly. The flow rate, of the heat transfer fluid in the experimented range, has insignificant effect on the transition process. The melting time can be reduced significantly by placing the tube containing the PCM in a horizontal position rather than in a vertical one. The dimensionless phase transition time is related to Stefan number by a simple correlation.
Renewable Energy, 1992
Available meteorological data from local weather stations are used to study the wind energy poten... more Available meteorological data from local weather stations are used to study the wind energy potential in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Regions identified as having high wind potential are examined further for electrical generation by wind energy conversion systems. Costs of electricity generated from large, medium and small wind turbines are compared with electricity generated by conventional methods.
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2003
Exergy thermodynamics is employed to analyze a binary ammonia water mixture thermodynamic cycle t... more Exergy thermodynamics is employed to analyze a binary ammonia water mixture thermodynamic cycle that produces both power and refrigeration. The analysis includes exergy destruction for each component in the cycle as well as the first law and exergy efficiencies of the cycle. The optimum operating conditions are established by maximizing the cycle exergy efficiency for the case of a solar heat source. Performance of the cycle over a range of heat source temperatures of 320–460°K was investigated. It is found that increasing the heat source temperature does not necessarily produce higher exergy efficiency, as is the case for first law efficiency. The largest exergy destruction occurs in the absorber, while little exergy destruction takes place in the boiler.
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2003
A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, ... more A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. Initial parametric studies of the cycle showed the potential for the cycle to be optimized for first or second law efficiency, as well as work or cooling output. For a solar heat source, optimization of the second law efficiency is most appropriate, since the spent heat source fluid is recycled through the solar collectors. The optimization results verified that the cycle could be optimized. Theoretical results were extended to include realistic irreversibilities in the cycl...
Energy Conversion and Management, 1994
Abstraet-A simple tube-in-tube heat exchanger system for thermal energy storage employing stearic... more Abstraet-A simple tube-in-tube heat exchanger system for thermal energy storage employing stearic acid as PCM has been investigated in this work. The performance and heat transfer characteristics of such a system were studied. Phase transition temperature range and times were measured and the speed of the phase transition front was computed. The melting front was found to move in the radial direction inward as well as in the axial direction from the top toward the bottom of the phase change material PCM tube. The speed of the melting front is enhanced by a convection heat transfer mechanism in the melted PCM. The heat transfer rate and, consequently, phase transition time can be altered by changing the water inlet temperature to the heat exchanger. In addition, a faster phase transition is realized by placing the heat exchanger in a horizontal position rather than a vertical one.
Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies
Journal of Cleaner Production
ABSTRACT Supporting engineering education is considered as one of the main goals that lead to str... more ABSTRACT Supporting engineering education is considered as one of the main goals that lead to strong Palestinian economy due to the strong interactions and synergy effects between education and the economy. Engineering education is considered a mid-point that connects natural resources at one side to industrial products at the other side. To keep this connection in a sustainable manner that guarantees maintaining these resources for the longest time of life, engineering courses and programs are designed by integrating sustainability aspects into engineering education in order to increase productivity resource efficiency without damaging the environment.The focal point of this paper is the academic faculties of engineering where education and training courses are designed and delivered on one hand and innovation and research are fostered on the other hand. This paper demonstrates an overview of the potential contributions of academia in altering the attitude of industries toward more sustainable resource consumption and capacity building for implementing sustainable engineering. Bachelor and master engineering programs will be considered in the paper. Cooperation and partnership between higher educational institutions and industry will be addressed in the context of sustainability and taking into account national and international indicators for this partnership.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the per... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective of engineering education in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territory (Palestine). First, the paper reviews the concept of resource efficiency from several perspectives including energy, electricity and water related challenges, material management and solid waste management. Then the current state of the education and training is discussed along with some details regarding the developed resource accounting perspective for engineering education. Open knowledge platform is foreseen to aid the transition from problem to solution, bringing engineering education up front to tackle the resource efficiency challenges in the MENA region. Finally, capacity building through university graduates is considered as an important mechanism for raising awareness in resource efficiency.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 01425910008914361, Apr 6, 2007
ABSTRACT Domestic household thermosyphons are economically feasible and are used by over than 70%... more ABSTRACT Domestic household thermosyphons are economically feasible and are used by over than 70% of houses in Palestine. Although domestic solar water heating for commercial applications has a good potential, only a few systems have been installed in Palestine. A systematic sizing approach for the solar system is presented in this paper and applied to a certain case study. The solar system sizing is based on the life-cycle cost LCC analysis. For the chosen case study of domestic water heating for a hotel, with hot water consumption of 2600 liters per day, the optimum collector area was found to be 37 m2, the solar fraction of heating 0.78, the LCC of system is SI 3778, with annual savings of 1338$/year and a pay back period of 3 years. With this optimized system, the cost of water heating is 1.8 /m3comparingwith2.6/m3comparing with 2.6 /m3comparingwith2.6/m3 for the conventional system.
Stone and Marble industry is considered as one of the main sources of the Palestinian economy. Th... more Stone and Marble industry is considered as one of the main sources of the Palestinian economy. This sector contributes to about 50% of the local production, 30% of the exports and 14% of the employment capacity. This paper discusses some statistical numbers and historical information about Stone and Marble sector in Palestine. It concentrates on environmental, economic, and social impact of this industry, presents the lifecycle of stone and marble, and proposes strategy for proper and efficient use of resources including natural stone, water and energy during production processes. 3Rs (Reclaim, Reuse and Recycle) principles have been used to minimize the waste at each stage of stone and marble lifecycle.
This paper aims at summarizing the results of the survey for determining the qualifications need ... more This paper aims at summarizing the results of the survey for determining the qualifications need of local industry in Palestine. It comes as an output of the first work package named “Identify stakeholders, their needs and education and training contents in Palestine” of the Tempus project called “Middle Eastern Partnership in Sustainable Engineering” with acronym (ME-Eng). The project aims to enhance the value creation of the Palestinian industries by providing qualified engineers who are able to design and develop sustainable products and processes. Master program in Sustainable Production and Quality Engineering, and Education & Training centers will be considered as demonstrator of the project. Education & Training centers will enhance the cooperation with local industries by providing Lifelong learning short courses. In order to achieve the goals of this work package, a questionnaire has been prepared and distributed in the local Palestinian industries. The results of the quest...
The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective ... more The purpose of this paper is to address various issues of resource efficiency in the perspective of engineering education in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with particular focus on Occupied Palestinian Territory (Palestine). First, the paper reviews the concept of resource efficiency from several perspectives including energy, electricity and water related challenges, material management and solid waste management. Then the current state of the education and training is discussed along with some details regarding the developed resource accounting perspective for engineering education. Open knowledge platform is foreseen to aid the transition from problem to solution, bringing engineering education up front to tackle the resource efficiency challenges in the MENA region. Finally, capacity building through university graduates is considered as an important mechanism for raising awareness in resource efficiency.
Procedia CIRP, 2015
ABSTRACT Signing cooperation agreements is considered as the first step in building industry-acad... more ABSTRACT Signing cooperation agreements is considered as the first step in building industry-academia partnership, but it is not enough as far as they stay on paper. These partnership agreements have to enhance the economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental protection and global responsibilities, while solving the industrial technical and logistic problems. Cooperation may include carrying out scientific research activities and applying the results of these researches to solve real problems of industry. The current partnership situation in Palestine shows a weak cooperation, hence steps to improve the partnership are urgent. European experience of industry-academia partnership can be the base for developing similar programs and activities for Palestine and other developing countries. This paper discusses the existing status of industry- academia partnership with relevance to engineering education and the horizons of implementing new scenarios and strategies in developing countries particularly in Palestine. In order to close the gap between academia and industry it is suggested to implement curricula improvement by including sustainability concepts on one hand and improving teaching methods on the other hand.
World Renewable Energy Congress VI, 2000
Solar Energy, 2004
A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, ... more A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, using a binary ammonia–water mixture as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or an independent cycle using low
Solar Energy, 2002
The first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to analyze a novel thermodynamic cycle prop... more The first and second laws of thermodynamics were used to analyze a novel thermodynamic cycle proposed by Goswami in 1995 that uses an ammonia-water binary mixture as the working fluid, while producing both power and refrigeration simultaneously. The thermodynamic performance of the cycle was optimized for maximum second law efficiency using a commercially available optimization program. A maximum second law efficiency of 65.8% was obtained at a heat source temperature of 420 K. An exergy analysis was performed to study losses in different components of the cycle. It is seen that the largest contribution to cycle irreversibility comes from the absorber, with the rectifier and solution heat exchanger also contributing significantly. Irreversibility generation in the boiler is high at very low heat source temperatures, but drops at higher temperatures.
Solar Energy, 1994
Ex~rimental investigation of palmitic acid as a phase change material (PCM) for energy storage ha... more Ex~rimental investigation of palmitic acid as a phase change material (PCM) for energy storage has been carried out in this work. The parametric study of phase transition included transition times and temperature ranges, propagation of the solid liquid interface, as well as the heat flow rate characteristics of the employed circular tube storage system. The experimental results proved that the melting front moves in the radial as well as in the axial directions. The convection heat transfer in the liquid phase plays an important role in the melting process. And the simple conduction model does not describe the melting process properly. The flow rate, of the heat transfer fluid in the experimented range, has insignificant effect on the transition process. The melting time can be reduced significantly by placing the tube containing the PCM in a horizontal position rather than in a vertical one. The dimensionless phase transition time is related to Stefan number by a simple correlation.
Renewable Energy, 1992
Available meteorological data from local weather stations are used to study the wind energy poten... more Available meteorological data from local weather stations are used to study the wind energy potential in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Regions identified as having high wind potential are examined further for electrical generation by wind energy conversion systems. Costs of electricity generated from large, medium and small wind turbines are compared with electricity generated by conventional methods.
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2003
Exergy thermodynamics is employed to analyze a binary ammonia water mixture thermodynamic cycle t... more Exergy thermodynamics is employed to analyze a binary ammonia water mixture thermodynamic cycle that produces both power and refrigeration. The analysis includes exergy destruction for each component in the cycle as well as the first law and exergy efficiencies of the cycle. The optimum operating conditions are established by maximizing the cycle exergy efficiency for the case of a solar heat source. Performance of the cycle over a range of heat source temperatures of 320–460°K was investigated. It is found that increasing the heat source temperature does not necessarily produce higher exergy efficiency, as is the case for first law efficiency. The largest exergy destruction occurs in the absorber, while little exergy destruction takes place in the boiler.
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2003
A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, ... more A combined thermal power and cooling cycle proposed by Goswami is under intensive investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed cycle combines the Rankine and absorption refrigeration cycles, producing refrigeration while power is the primary goal. A binary ammonia-water mixture is used as the working fluid. This cycle can be used as a bottoming cycle using waste heat from a conventional power cycle or as an independent cycle using low temperature sources such as geothermal and solar energy. Initial parametric studies of the cycle showed the potential for the cycle to be optimized for first or second law efficiency, as well as work or cooling output. For a solar heat source, optimization of the second law efficiency is most appropriate, since the spent heat source fluid is recycled through the solar collectors. The optimization results verified that the cycle could be optimized. Theoretical results were extended to include realistic irreversibilities in the cycl...
Energy Conversion and Management, 1994
Abstraet-A simple tube-in-tube heat exchanger system for thermal energy storage employing stearic... more Abstraet-A simple tube-in-tube heat exchanger system for thermal energy storage employing stearic acid as PCM has been investigated in this work. The performance and heat transfer characteristics of such a system were studied. Phase transition temperature range and times were measured and the speed of the phase transition front was computed. The melting front was found to move in the radial direction inward as well as in the axial direction from the top toward the bottom of the phase change material PCM tube. The speed of the melting front is enhanced by a convection heat transfer mechanism in the melted PCM. The heat transfer rate and, consequently, phase transition time can be altered by changing the water inlet temperature to the heat exchanger. In addition, a faster phase transition is realized by placing the heat exchanger in a horizontal position rather than a vertical one.