Al-Hareth Zyoud | Birzeit University (original) (raw)

Papers by Al-Hareth Zyoud

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2018

This paper reports a study on mitigation of propagation impairments on Earth–space communication ... more This paper reports a study on mitigation of propagation impairments on Earth–space communication links. The study uses time diversity as a technique for mitigating rain propagation impairment in order to rectify rain fade. Rain attenuation time series along earth-to-satellite link were measured for two years period at 12.255 GHz in Malaysia. The time diversity technique was applied on measured rain fade to investigate the level of possible improvement in system. Time diversity gain from measured one-minute rain attenuation for two years period was estimated and significant improvement was observed with different delays of time. These findings will be utilized as a useful tool for link designers to apply time diversity as a rain fade mitigation technique in Earth-satellite communications systems.

2020 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE)

This paper proposed novel Hill Climbing Search (HCS) algorithm to reach maximum power point track... more This paper proposed novel Hill Climbing Search (HCS) algorithm to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The proposed algorithm used two main techniques; the first one is power prediction mode and the second one is the two-mode HCS algorithm. The latter is used to achieve the maximum possible power from Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with better efficiency, faster convergence speed and using only two-mode (more simple) to avoid the iteration and delay. Moreover, novel algorithm not requires any prior knowledge of WECS and it’s considered absolutely independent of Wind Turbine (WT) generator. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm is remarkably faster by 30 % of the total time required comparing to the mode HCS and more efficient due to simplicity.

2020 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE), 2020

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is essential for the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) mai... more Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is essential for the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) mainly for the small scale wind turbine. In order to captured the maximum possible power from wind turbine, it is very important to operate the WECS at MPPT and tracking the maximum power point in the power output signal. This paper presents a critical analysis of the algorithm generation to reach maximum power point based on power efficiency and simplicity.

2021 6th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2021

In this research, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control was applied to capture the maximum ... more In this research, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control was applied to capture the maximum possible power from Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) was applied using Simulink tools in MATLAB. The parameters of WECS tuning to reach the unity power factor, thus it can capture the maximum possible power from WECS. Simulation results show that wind speed plays an essential role in rotor speed and electromagnetic torque due to the proportional relation between wind speed and power.

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering), Jun 7, 2018

Background: The Internet of Things (IoT) has been heralded as the "next big thing" waiting to be ... more Background: The Internet of Things (IoT) has been heralded as the "next big thing" waiting to be realized. IoT revolves around increased machine-to-machine communication and it encompasses various embedded sensorsand actuators that assist users in monitoring and controlling objects remotely in many fields and applications. Methods: IoT's special characteristics introduce challenges in the field of retrieval technology. These challenges constitute of real-time data retrieval with the huge amount of data that can be produced from the sensors. This paper explains the design concepts used to develop a search engine for IoT to tackle these issues. The developed search engine appears to be promising. The performance of the network proved very powerful under normal conditions, however, it could not sustain heavy load under the stress test due to the restricted build of the Z1 motes. Results: The searching capability proved to be quite strong in terms of searching speed and acceptable results; however more tests need to be

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2020

In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill cl... more In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algorithm to be simpler. The novel algorithm is increasing the ability to reach the MPPT without delay. The novel algorithm shows fast tracking capability and enhanced stability under change wind speed conditions.

Adoption of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is rising dramatically and a subsequent amount of rese... more Adoption of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is rising dramatically and a subsequent amount of research has done on WSN power efficiency. Node power consumption reduction is an important part of study in ZigBee WSN, in order to reduce overall WSN power consumption for different applications. One approach is transmission power control for reducing WSN power consumption. In this paper, we present a Transmit Power Control mechanism (TPC), where we use Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) matrix to determine the minimum required level for successful packet delivery utilizing periodically broadcast signals in WSN. We analysis the behavior of the proposed mechanism with respect to different parameter settings such as node position and antenna polarization. A testbed is used for collecting data. After that, we benchmark the result with Non-TPC mechanism. It is observed that the proposed mechanism could provide up to 60% power saving in a specific testbed setup. We also notice that the a...

2018 6th Edition of International Conference on Wireless Networks & Embedded Systems (WECON), 2018

Energy harvesting network (EHN) is a trending topic among the recent researches. This substantial... more Energy harvesting network (EHN) is a trending topic among the recent researches. This substantial attention is due to the limitations, operational cost and risks of the conventional power suppliers, such as fossil fuel and batteries. Moreover, EHN are expected to enhance energy efficiency by harvesting energy of RF and renewable sources. In contemporary research works, EHN is applied to CR technology. This energy harvesting cognitive radio network (EHCRN) is expected to utilize both energy and electromagnetic spectrum efficiently. However, EH-CRN is facing enormous challenges related to technical design. Some of these challenges are reviewed in recent surveys. However, other challenges such as optimizing the network throughput and EH-CRN implementation models were not the focus of these researches. Therefore, the aim of this survey is to review EH-CRN research works by focusing the survey perspective on maximizing the network throughput and the implementation models.

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2016

In this letter, a path loss indoor propagation model is parameterized. This model is suitable for... more In this letter, a path loss indoor propagation model is parameterized. This model is suitable for application in 4G and wireless networks and maybe applied in both LTE and LTE-A system level simulators. Measurements were conducted at the most popular frequencies for future LTE networks of 1800 and 2600 MHz. In addition, path loss has been examined in terms of various antenna aspects such as polarization and directivity.

The LTE-Advanced transmission bandwidth can be expanded by Carrier Aggregation (CA), where CA tec... more The LTE-Advanced transmission bandwidth can be expanded by Carrier Aggregation (CA), where CA technology expands effective bandwidth supported to user equipment (UE) by utilizing of radio resources across multiple carriers. This paper proposes novel packet scheduling (PS) condition algorithm that attractively enhances the average system throughput by designing a weighting factor to modified largest weighted delay first PS algorithm. The novel algorithm is implemented in a PS module for LTE-Advanced via system level simulations. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of Enhanced M-LWDF algorithm in improving throughput.

The Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) transmission bandwidth can be expanded by Carrier... more The Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) transmission bandwidth can be expanded by Carrier Aggregation (CA), where CA technology expands effective bandwidth supported to User Equipment (UE) by utilizing of radio resources across multiple carriers. Recently, many studies have been conducted on the radio resource allocation with CA. However, most of these studies are based on Proportional Fair (PF) packet scheduling algorithms. Indeed, these algorithms are not adequate to meet the requirements for supporting mixture real-time applications; they ignored channel condition; and finally, they are unable to support real-time application with delay constraint. Therefore, this paper proposes novel Packet Scheduling (PS) condition algorithm that attractively enhances the average system throughput by designing a weighting factor to modified largest weighted delay first PS algorithm. The novel algorithm is implemented in a PS module for LTE-Advanced via system level simulations. The resu...

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2021

This study aims to determine the potential of wind energy in the mediterranean coastal plain of P... more This study aims to determine the potential of wind energy in the mediterranean coastal plain of Palestine. The parameters of the Weibull distribution were calculated on basis of wind speed data. Accordingly, two approaches were employed: analysis of a set of actual time series data and theoretical Weibull probability function. In this analysis, the parameters Weibull shape factor ‘k’ and the Weibull scale factor ‘c’ were adopted. These suitability values were calculated using the following popular methods: method of moments (MM), standard deviation method (STDM), empirical method (EM), maximum likelihood method (MLM), modified maximum likelihood method (MMLM), second modified maximum likelihood method (SMMLM), graphical method (GM), least mean square method (LSM) and energy pattern factor method (EPF). The performance of these numerical methods was tested by root mean square error (RMSE), index of agreement (IA), Chi-square test (X2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and relati...

2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), 2014

ABSTRACT Femtocell gains the interest of more than 160 mobile operators around the world. For the... more ABSTRACT Femtocell gains the interest of more than 160 mobile operators around the world. For the reason that femtocell improve the signal power inside the building and reduce the main network traffic and thus increase the capacity. However, deployment the femtocell may cause interference to the existing network. Therefore, understanding the behavior of indoor signal propagation is essential to minimize the interference and get the total benefit of femtocell deployment. In this paper, measurements of the signal strength at 2.6 GHz were carried out for three dimensional scenario using Omni-directional antenna. The line of sight and none of sight cases were considered in the proposed scenario. These measurements are important in order to propose an empirical model for indoor propagation that may be used in system level simulators. In addition, a comparison with available models for indoor propagation was conducted. It was found that the available models in the literature are underestimated the measured data.

International Journal of Ultra Wideband Communications and Systems

In this paper, path loss measurements were conducted and a path loss model was proposed for wirel... more In this paper, path loss measurements were conducted and a path loss model was proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operating in indoor environment. This is done with a view to study transmit power requirements in indoor application of WSNs. The proposed model is a hybrid of the two-ray ground reflection model and the lognormal model and considers frequency and three-dimensional link trajectory as key parameters in evaluating path loss. The study highlights the effect of height on path loss exponent by means of various measurements taken in indoor environment. Comparison with the empirical data and other models in the literature was conducted and had very favourable results for the proposed model.

Using simulation tools save the construction cost of the wireless system. It is not necessary to ... more Using simulation tools save the construction cost of the wireless system. It is not necessary to establish the system and test whether it is working properly or not. Therefore, simulation tools are required to be accurate, simple and with the minimum time. From the accuracy perspective, the stacked femtocells built in most available simulators in the literature are widely deployed horizontally. However, this is not the case in the indoor environment where femtocells have to be arranged vertically; such as, in residential towers where apartments are on the top of each other. In this paper, the state of the art of link and system level simulators is introduced. In addition, a three-dimensional (3D) system level simulator is developed in order to help the researcher in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) femtocell field to analyze and investigate more real scenarios of femtocell deployment. The developed simulator allows the researcher to locate a multi-story building in the region of intere...

ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2015

A modification to an effective path length for predicting rain attenuation in Malaysia is propose... more A modification to an effective path length for predicting rain attenuation in Malaysia is proposed in this paper. Due to the scarcity of actual signal measurements at high frequencies-bands in tropical climates make predicted models are key resource for generating rain attenuation. A modification to calculate the effective path length is introduced in the original model. A control parameter rho is also induced based on the rain intensity variations along the slant path. A new value is suggested according to measurements in Malaysia. The results showed that modified rain attenuation model has significantly improved the rain attenuation prediction in Malaysia.

The design of a propagation path loss model requires knowledge of environment characteristics. Qu... more The design of a propagation path loss model requires knowledge of environment characteristics. Quite a number of propagation path loss models for mobile radio communication system were published in the literature. However, choosing the most suitable model for a given geographical and morphographical area is not a simple task because descriptions of terrain and land-use information can vary widely from country to country. Furthermore, Efficiency of present path loss models suffers when they are used in the environment other than for which they have been designed. The Malaysian geographical and morphographical area varies widely from areas where most models were developed. In addition, several studies in Malaysia, Indonesia and others have shown that the known path loss models perform unsatisfactory when compared with measured data. Hence, this prompts the necessity to investigate the models that suit the Malaysian environment conditions. To investigate the path loss models, measureme...

2015 IEEE 12th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC), 2015

Rain is the major challenge to design reliable earth to satellite microwave link at higher freque... more Rain is the major challenge to design reliable earth to satellite microwave link at higher frequencies in tropical regions. Site diversity is one of the techniques used to mitigate this problem. Hodge and ITU-R Site Diversity Gain Models and ITU-R Diversity Improvement Factor Model are analyzed based on measurements at two locations in Malaysia. The measured rain intensity at IIUM and UKM campus for six months period with 1 minute integration time was used to predict attenuation with MEASAT3A as reference satellite. Two locations are separated by 37.36 Km distance. The measured site diversity gain and improvement factor are compared with predicted values. It is found that highly available satellite links can be achieved through site diversity.

Indoor path loss models are playing an important role in the design and planning of the 4th gener... more Indoor path loss models are playing an important role in the design and planning of the 4th generation of the mobile networks. Moreover, it is an important component of system level simulators used to evaluate and test the network performance before it has been established. Many propagation models were proposed for this purpose. Most of these models are for macro and micro cellular networks. Small cell which is known as femtocell has been launched for future networks and it is wildly deployed by the mobile operators around the world. The available propagation models’ accuracy is at question when applied to femtocell design and engineering. This paper attempts to quantify the accuracy of these models by studying and comparing seven different propagation models for four different implementation scenarios at 2.6 GHz and for different separation distances.

Wireless communications in indoor environment such as wireless sensor network and WiFi is slowing... more Wireless communications in indoor environment such as wireless sensor network and WiFi is slowing becoming the norm of everyday business, especially in industrial indoor settings. Tracking flying objects in an indoor environment controlled via wireless links require proper understanding of the path loss distribution in a 3D environment. Such a setting is rarely discussed - if any - in the open literature where the path loss exponent is generalized over the whole 3D indoor space. This study, however, attempts to address minute changes in path loss exponent distribution in such environment. An extensive measurement campaign was conducted in our university laboratory mimicking an industrial indoor setting where drones are supposed to operate. Our initial study involved a placement of 2.4 GHz transmitter at different heights with 0.00 m, 0.61 m, 1.36m and 1.88 m while varying the receiver antenna location over a 3D grid of 1 meter resolution in x, y, and z-axes directions. The received ...