Mauricio Solano | Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine (original) (raw)

Papers by Mauricio Solano

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic resonance imaging following regional limb perfusion of gadolinium contrast medium in 26 horses

Equine Veterinary Journal, Feb 28, 2018

Background: Systemic administration of gadolinium contrast medium is common in small animals to i... more Background: Systemic administration of gadolinium contrast medium is common in small animals to increase lesion conspicuity and determine vascularisation of lesions identified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the large volume required for systemic administration limits its use in equine patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering a low dose of contrast medium via venous regional limb perfusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Osteosarcoma of the tarsus in a horse

Equine Veterinary Journal, Jan 5, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Navicular Bursa Adhesions

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Jun 25, 2012

Adhesions occur in the navicular bursa between the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and other st... more Adhesions occur in the navicular bursa between the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and other structures. Our objectives were to describe the appearance of navicular bursa adhesions on high-field magnetic resonance (MR) images, to compare these findings to findings at navicular bursoscopy, and to determine the prevalence of lesions in the remainder of the podotrochlear apparatus. Sixteen forelimbs from 14 horses that underwent MR imaging and navicular bursoscopy were evaluated. Adhesions were considered type 1 when characterized by a discontinuity in the navicular bursa fluid signal between two structures, type 2 when the navicular bursa fluid signal was disrupted and ill-defined tissue was present between two structures, and type 3 when the fluid signal was disrupted and well-defined tissue was present between two structures. Twenty-six adhesions were suspected on MR images and nineteen were visualized at surgery. The positive predictive value was 50% for type 1 adhesions, 67% for type 2 adhesions, and 100% for type 3 adhesions. Additional lesions were detected in the navicular bursa in 15 limbs, the DDFT in 13, the navicular bone in 15, the collateral sesamoidean ligaments in 9, and the distal sesamoidean impar ligament in 8. A discontinuity in the navicular bursa fluid signal with well-defined tissue between two structures detected on high-field MR images is diagnostic for a navicular bursa adhesion. Additional lesions in the podotrochlear apparatus are common in horses with navicular bursa adhesions.

Research paper thumbnail of Pulmonary ultrasound findings in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus population

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Nov 19, 2012

Thoracic ultrasound provides rapid diagnosis of pleural and pulmonary disease in veterinary hospi... more Thoracic ultrasound provides rapid diagnosis of pleural and pulmonary disease in veterinary hospitals and human emergency rooms. Specific techniques for diagnosing pleuritis, pleural effusion, pleural masses, pneumothorax, lung masses, and alveolar-interstitial diseases have been described for

Research paper thumbnail of Scintigraphy

Research paper thumbnail of Utility of two-view vs. three-view abdominal radiography in canines presenting with acute abdominal signs

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2018

There are clear differences in the normal radiographic appearance of the abdominal organs between... more There are clear differences in the normal radiographic appearance of the abdominal organs between a left lateral vs. a right lateral view. While a few veterinary academic institutions have transitioned to a three-view abdominal radiographic study protocol, obtaining only two views of the canine abdomen remains the current standard in veterinary medicine. In this combined retrospective and prospective, case-controlled study, 48 canine patients presenting with signs of acute abdomen were recruited. Four board-certified veterinary radiologists and four general practice veterinarians with greater than 3 years of experience in small animal practice were asked to determine if 10 predetermined findings were present within the set of images and if surgery was recommended based on those findings. Image readers were unaware of the clinical history. Threeview studies did not yield statistically significantly greater accuracy than two-view studies when evaluating all readers together. No statistically significant associations between the availability of the third view and increased accuracy or confidence were found in evaluations of general practitioners specifically. Evaluation of three-view radiographic examination, as compared to two-view examination, did not have perceived or statistically significantly increased diagnostic utility. Based on our findings, there is no statistically increased utility to justify a standard three-view abdominal radiographic examination over a two-view study for canines presenting with signs of acute abdomen.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for the detection of confirmed pleural effusion in thoracic radiographs in dogs

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in diagnostic radiology is a developing area i... more The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in diagnostic radiology is a developing area in veterinary medicine and may provide substantial benefit in many clinical settings. These range from timely image interpretation in the emergency setting when no boarded radiologist is available to allowing boarded radiologists to focus on more challenging cases that require complex medical decision making. Testing the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) software in veterinary medicine is at its early stages, and only a scant number of reports of validation of AI software have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of an AI algorithm (Vetology AI® ) in the detection of pleural effusion in thoracic radiographs of dogs. In this retrospective, diagnostic case-controlled study, 62 canine patients were recruited. A control group of 21 dogs with normal thoracic radiographs and a sample group of 41 dogs with confirmed pleural effusion were selected from the electronic medical records at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. The images were cropped to include only the area of interest (i.e., thorax). The software then classified images into those with pleural effusion and those without. The AI algorithm was able to determine the presence of pleural effusion with 88.7% accuracy (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were 90.2% and 81.8%, respectively (positive predictive value, 92.5%; negative predictive value, 81.8%). The application of this technology in the diagnostic interpretation of thoracic radiographs in veterinary medicine appears to be of value and warrants further investigation and testing.

Research paper thumbnail of Traumatic Bilateral Mainstem Bronchial Avulsion in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin, 2006

An adult male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was hit by an automobile and presented in respiratory distr... more An adult male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was hit by an automobile and presented in respiratory distress. Radiographs and a physical examination indicated that both bronchi had been avulsed from the lungs and euthanasia was elected. This is the first report of a bilateral bronchial avulsion, as well as the first report of large airway avulsion in a canid, as a result of blunt thoracic trauma. Tracheal avulsion is a sporadically reported sequel to blunt trauma in domestic cats. Preliminary diagnosis can be made from history, clinical signs, and radiographs. Bronchoscopy yields a definitive diagnosis. Treatment is most often surgical resection of traumatized ends of airway and anastamosis. Depending on the location and extent of injury, other surgical techniques may be considered. An index of suspicion for this injury must be maintained in any patient suffering blunt trauma, as patients with this severe injury may present with mild signs and initially respond to conservative therapy. Thor...

Research paper thumbnail of Table S1: Length of endocasts and penis tips in four species of marine mammals. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measure... more Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measured from the cranial point of fusion of the sheath to the shaft through to the cranial (distal) tip of the penis. Endocast and penis length measurements were collected in ventral, dorsal, left lateral, and right lateral orientations. The longest length is presented due to asymmetries in shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Table S2: 3-D model fit of males inside females. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Results show the best fit at 0 degrees, and subsequent rotation of the male inside the female at ... more Results show the best fit at 0 degrees, and subsequent rotation of the male inside the female at 90, 180, and 270 degrees. As the model is rotated, the percentage of models not overlapping increases within each species. F-M describes the volume of the female left unfilled by the male and M-F describes the volume of the male not encapsulated by the female.

Research paper thumbnail of Table S1: Length of endocasts and penis tips in four species of marine mammals. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measure... more Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measured from the cranial point of fusion of the sheath to the shaft through to the cranial (distal) tip of the penis. Endocast and penis length measurements were collected in ventral, dorsal, left lateral, and right lateral orientations. The longest length is presented due to asymmetries in shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary material from "Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromissi... more Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds. We examined copulatory fit in naturally deceased marine mammals to identify anatomical landmarks in contact during copulation and the potential depth of penile penetration into the vagina. Excised penises were artificially inflated to erection with pressurized saline and compared with silicone vaginal endocasts and within excised vaginas in simulated copulation using high-resolution, diffusible iodine-based, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. We found evidence suggestive of both congruent and antagonistic genital coevolution, depending on the species. We suggest that sexual selection influences morphological shape. This study improves our understanding of how mechanical interactions during copulation influence the shape of genitalia and affect fertility, and has broad applications to other taxa and species conservation.

Research paper thumbnail of Osteomyelitis in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation: 25 cases (2008–2018)

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2021

OBJECTIVE To characterize osteolytic lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepid... more OBJECTIVE To characterize osteolytic lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation and describe methods used for the management of such lesions. ANIMALS 25 stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles hospitalized between 2008 and 2018. PROCEDURES Medical records of sea turtles with a diagnosis of osteolytic lesions were reviewed retrospectively to obtain the date of diagnosis, clinical signs, radiographic findings, microbial culture results, hematologic and plasma biochemical data, cytologic and histologic findings, antimicrobial history, time to first negative culture result, treatment duration, and outcome. RESULTS Lesions were identified radiographically a median of 50 days after admission and were located within epiphyses or metaphyses of various appendicular joints. Lesions were associated with periarticular swelling (n = 24), lameness (16), lethargy (2), and hyporexia (2). Bacterial culture yielded growth o...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Imaging of the Ear

Small Animal Ear Diseases, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of technetium-99m labeled biotin for detecting soft tissue inflammation in horses

… of the 52nd …, 2006

99mTc-EB1 appears to provide a safe and effective method for imaging soft tissue inflammation in ... more 99mTc-EB1 appears to provide a safe and effective method for imaging soft tissue inflammation in horses. This agent has the advantage of having immediate uptake in soft tissues without concurrent uptake in bone while providing a four hour imaging window. 99mTc-EB1 is most ...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Proceedings. Biological sciences, Jan 11, 2017

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromissi... more Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds. We examined copulatory fit in naturally deceased marine mammals to identify anatomical landmarks in contact during copulation and the potential depth of penile penetration into the vagina. Excised penises were artificially inflated to erection with pressurized saline and compared with silicone vaginal endocasts and within excised vaginas in simulated copulation using high-resolution, diffusible iodine-based, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. We found evidence suggestive of both congruent and a...

Research paper thumbnail of Pain and adverse behavior in declawed cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequ... more Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequent development of back pain and unwanted behavior in cohorts of treated and control cats housed in two different locations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. In total, there was 137 declawed and 137 non-declawed cats, of which 176 were owned cats (88 declawed, 88 non-declawed) and 98 were shelter cats (49 declawed and 49 non-declawed). All cats were physically examined for signs of pain and barbering. The previous 2 years of medical history were reviewed for documented unwanted behavior such as inappropriate elimination and biting with minimal provocation and aggression. All declawed cats were radiographed for distal limb abnormalities, including P3 (third phalanx) bone fragments. The associations of declaw surgery with the outcomes of interest were examined using χ2 analysis, two sample t-tests and manual, backwards, stepwise logistic regression. Results Significant increa...

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Radiologists and Referring Veterinarians Regarding Imaging Reports

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2015

An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field w... more An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field where in-person communication may not be readily available, it is imperative that the report clearly relays pertinent clinical information in a timely manner. The purpose of this observational study was to describe and compare opinions and expectations of small animal general practitioners, veterinary specialists, and veterinary radiologists regarding the imaging report. Online surveys were distributed, and data were collected from 202 veterinary clinicians and 123 veterinary radiologists. The majority (89%) of clinicians were satisfied with their imaging reports and stated that they read the radiology report as soon as it was available (92%). Just less than half (48%) of clinicians indicated it was standard of care that a board-certified veterinary radiologist read all imaging studies. Radiologists and clinicians agreed that a clinical history (98% and 94%, respectively) and clinical question (82% and 68%, respectively) were needed to generate a good radiology report. Fifty-five percent to 70% of clinicians prefer red bulleted reports, which included incidental findings (96%); while radiologists slightly favored prose reporting (37-46%). Clinicians found it helpful when additional imaging (86%), medical (71%), and surgical recommendations (73%) were made. About one-third of specialists who had been in practice for &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;11 years thought they were better able to interpret imaging for their own specialty than the radiologist. Clinicians voiced discontentment with reports that were not completed in a timely manner or did not give a prioritized differential list. Further studies are warranted to provide a more in-depth evaluation of veterinary radiology reporting structure and style.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonic Imaging and Animal Reproduction: Fundamentals, Book 1

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic resonance imaging following regional limb perfusion of gadolinium contrast medium in 26 horses

Equine Veterinary Journal, Feb 28, 2018

Background: Systemic administration of gadolinium contrast medium is common in small animals to i... more Background: Systemic administration of gadolinium contrast medium is common in small animals to increase lesion conspicuity and determine vascularisation of lesions identified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, the large volume required for systemic administration limits its use in equine patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering a low dose of contrast medium via venous regional limb perfusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Osteosarcoma of the tarsus in a horse

Equine Veterinary Journal, Jan 5, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Navicular Bursa Adhesions

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Jun 25, 2012

Adhesions occur in the navicular bursa between the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and other st... more Adhesions occur in the navicular bursa between the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and other structures. Our objectives were to describe the appearance of navicular bursa adhesions on high-field magnetic resonance (MR) images, to compare these findings to findings at navicular bursoscopy, and to determine the prevalence of lesions in the remainder of the podotrochlear apparatus. Sixteen forelimbs from 14 horses that underwent MR imaging and navicular bursoscopy were evaluated. Adhesions were considered type 1 when characterized by a discontinuity in the navicular bursa fluid signal between two structures, type 2 when the navicular bursa fluid signal was disrupted and ill-defined tissue was present between two structures, and type 3 when the fluid signal was disrupted and well-defined tissue was present between two structures. Twenty-six adhesions were suspected on MR images and nineteen were visualized at surgery. The positive predictive value was 50% for type 1 adhesions, 67% for type 2 adhesions, and 100% for type 3 adhesions. Additional lesions were detected in the navicular bursa in 15 limbs, the DDFT in 13, the navicular bone in 15, the collateral sesamoidean ligaments in 9, and the distal sesamoidean impar ligament in 8. A discontinuity in the navicular bursa fluid signal with well-defined tissue between two structures detected on high-field MR images is diagnostic for a navicular bursa adhesion. Additional lesions in the podotrochlear apparatus are common in horses with navicular bursa adhesions.

Research paper thumbnail of Pulmonary ultrasound findings in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus population

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Nov 19, 2012

Thoracic ultrasound provides rapid diagnosis of pleural and pulmonary disease in veterinary hospi... more Thoracic ultrasound provides rapid diagnosis of pleural and pulmonary disease in veterinary hospitals and human emergency rooms. Specific techniques for diagnosing pleuritis, pleural effusion, pleural masses, pneumothorax, lung masses, and alveolar-interstitial diseases have been described for

Research paper thumbnail of Scintigraphy

Research paper thumbnail of Utility of two-view vs. three-view abdominal radiography in canines presenting with acute abdominal signs

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2018

There are clear differences in the normal radiographic appearance of the abdominal organs between... more There are clear differences in the normal radiographic appearance of the abdominal organs between a left lateral vs. a right lateral view. While a few veterinary academic institutions have transitioned to a three-view abdominal radiographic study protocol, obtaining only two views of the canine abdomen remains the current standard in veterinary medicine. In this combined retrospective and prospective, case-controlled study, 48 canine patients presenting with signs of acute abdomen were recruited. Four board-certified veterinary radiologists and four general practice veterinarians with greater than 3 years of experience in small animal practice were asked to determine if 10 predetermined findings were present within the set of images and if surgery was recommended based on those findings. Image readers were unaware of the clinical history. Threeview studies did not yield statistically significantly greater accuracy than two-view studies when evaluating all readers together. No statistically significant associations between the availability of the third view and increased accuracy or confidence were found in evaluations of general practitioners specifically. Evaluation of three-view radiographic examination, as compared to two-view examination, did not have perceived or statistically significantly increased diagnostic utility. Based on our findings, there is no statistically increased utility to justify a standard three-view abdominal radiographic examination over a two-view study for canines presenting with signs of acute abdomen.

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for the detection of confirmed pleural effusion in thoracic radiographs in dogs

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in diagnostic radiology is a developing area i... more The use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in diagnostic radiology is a developing area in veterinary medicine and may provide substantial benefit in many clinical settings. These range from timely image interpretation in the emergency setting when no boarded radiologist is available to allowing boarded radiologists to focus on more challenging cases that require complex medical decision making. Testing the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) software in veterinary medicine is at its early stages, and only a scant number of reports of validation of AI software have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of an AI algorithm (Vetology AI® ) in the detection of pleural effusion in thoracic radiographs of dogs. In this retrospective, diagnostic case-controlled study, 62 canine patients were recruited. A control group of 21 dogs with normal thoracic radiographs and a sample group of 41 dogs with confirmed pleural effusion were selected from the electronic medical records at the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine. The images were cropped to include only the area of interest (i.e., thorax). The software then classified images into those with pleural effusion and those without. The AI algorithm was able to determine the presence of pleural effusion with 88.7% accuracy (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were 90.2% and 81.8%, respectively (positive predictive value, 92.5%; negative predictive value, 81.8%). The application of this technology in the diagnostic interpretation of thoracic radiographs in veterinary medicine appears to be of value and warrants further investigation and testing.

Research paper thumbnail of Traumatic Bilateral Mainstem Bronchial Avulsion in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin, 2006

An adult male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was hit by an automobile and presented in respiratory distr... more An adult male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was hit by an automobile and presented in respiratory distress. Radiographs and a physical examination indicated that both bronchi had been avulsed from the lungs and euthanasia was elected. This is the first report of a bilateral bronchial avulsion, as well as the first report of large airway avulsion in a canid, as a result of blunt thoracic trauma. Tracheal avulsion is a sporadically reported sequel to blunt trauma in domestic cats. Preliminary diagnosis can be made from history, clinical signs, and radiographs. Bronchoscopy yields a definitive diagnosis. Treatment is most often surgical resection of traumatized ends of airway and anastamosis. Depending on the location and extent of injury, other surgical techniques may be considered. An index of suspicion for this injury must be maintained in any patient suffering blunt trauma, as patients with this severe injury may present with mild signs and initially respond to conservative therapy. Thor...

Research paper thumbnail of Table S1: Length of endocasts and penis tips in four species of marine mammals. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measure... more Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measured from the cranial point of fusion of the sheath to the shaft through to the cranial (distal) tip of the penis. Endocast and penis length measurements were collected in ventral, dorsal, left lateral, and right lateral orientations. The longest length is presented due to asymmetries in shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Table S2: 3-D model fit of males inside females. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Results show the best fit at 0 degrees, and subsequent rotation of the male inside the female at ... more Results show the best fit at 0 degrees, and subsequent rotation of the male inside the female at 90, 180, and 270 degrees. As the model is rotated, the percentage of models not overlapping increases within each species. F-M describes the volume of the female left unfilled by the male and M-F describes the volume of the male not encapsulated by the female.

Research paper thumbnail of Table S1: Length of endocasts and penis tips in four species of marine mammals. from Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measure... more Penis lengths were collected after inflation but prior to formalin-fixation. Penises were measured from the cranial point of fusion of the sheath to the shaft through to the cranial (distal) tip of the penis. Endocast and penis length measurements were collected in ventral, dorsal, left lateral, and right lateral orientations. The longest length is presented due to asymmetries in shape.

Research paper thumbnail of Supplementary material from "Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromissi... more Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds. We examined copulatory fit in naturally deceased marine mammals to identify anatomical landmarks in contact during copulation and the potential depth of penile penetration into the vagina. Excised penises were artificially inflated to erection with pressurized saline and compared with silicone vaginal endocasts and within excised vaginas in simulated copulation using high-resolution, diffusible iodine-based, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. We found evidence suggestive of both congruent and antagonistic genital coevolution, depending on the species. We suggest that sexual selection influences morphological shape. This study improves our understanding of how mechanical interactions during copulation influence the shape of genitalia and affect fertility, and has broad applications to other taxa and species conservation.

Research paper thumbnail of Osteomyelitis in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation: 25 cases (2008–2018)

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2021

OBJECTIVE To characterize osteolytic lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepid... more OBJECTIVE To characterize osteolytic lesions in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) hospitalized for rehabilitation and describe methods used for the management of such lesions. ANIMALS 25 stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles hospitalized between 2008 and 2018. PROCEDURES Medical records of sea turtles with a diagnosis of osteolytic lesions were reviewed retrospectively to obtain the date of diagnosis, clinical signs, radiographic findings, microbial culture results, hematologic and plasma biochemical data, cytologic and histologic findings, antimicrobial history, time to first negative culture result, treatment duration, and outcome. RESULTS Lesions were identified radiographically a median of 50 days after admission and were located within epiphyses or metaphyses of various appendicular joints. Lesions were associated with periarticular swelling (n = 24), lameness (16), lethargy (2), and hyporexia (2). Bacterial culture yielded growth o...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Imaging of the Ear

Small Animal Ear Diseases, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of technetium-99m labeled biotin for detecting soft tissue inflammation in horses

… of the 52nd …, 2006

99mTc-EB1 appears to provide a safe and effective method for imaging soft tissue inflammation in ... more 99mTc-EB1 appears to provide a safe and effective method for imaging soft tissue inflammation in horses. This agent has the advantage of having immediate uptake in soft tissues without concurrent uptake in bone while providing a four hour imaging window. 99mTc-EB1 is most ...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Genital interactions during simulated copulation among marine mammals

Proceedings. Biological sciences, Jan 11, 2017

Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromissi... more Genitalia are morphologically variable across many taxa and in physical contact during intromission, but little is known about how variation in form correlates with function during copulation. Marine mammals offer important insights into the evolutionary forces that act on genital morphology because they have diverse genitalia and are adapted to aquatic living and mating. Cetaceans have a fibroelastic penis and muscular vaginal folds, while pinnipeds have a baculum and lack vaginal folds. We examined copulatory fit in naturally deceased marine mammals to identify anatomical landmarks in contact during copulation and the potential depth of penile penetration into the vagina. Excised penises were artificially inflated to erection with pressurized saline and compared with silicone vaginal endocasts and within excised vaginas in simulated copulation using high-resolution, diffusible iodine-based, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. We found evidence suggestive of both congruent and a...

Research paper thumbnail of Pain and adverse behavior in declawed cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequ... more Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychectomy (declawing) upon subsequent development of back pain and unwanted behavior in cohorts of treated and control cats housed in two different locations. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. In total, there was 137 declawed and 137 non-declawed cats, of which 176 were owned cats (88 declawed, 88 non-declawed) and 98 were shelter cats (49 declawed and 49 non-declawed). All cats were physically examined for signs of pain and barbering. The previous 2 years of medical history were reviewed for documented unwanted behavior such as inappropriate elimination and biting with minimal provocation and aggression. All declawed cats were radiographed for distal limb abnormalities, including P3 (third phalanx) bone fragments. The associations of declaw surgery with the outcomes of interest were examined using χ2 analysis, two sample t-tests and manual, backwards, stepwise logistic regression. Results Significant increa...

Research paper thumbnail of A Survey of Radiologists and Referring Veterinarians Regarding Imaging Reports

Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 2015

An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field w... more An imaging report is a vital communication tool between a radiologist and clinician. In a field where in-person communication may not be readily available, it is imperative that the report clearly relays pertinent clinical information in a timely manner. The purpose of this observational study was to describe and compare opinions and expectations of small animal general practitioners, veterinary specialists, and veterinary radiologists regarding the imaging report. Online surveys were distributed, and data were collected from 202 veterinary clinicians and 123 veterinary radiologists. The majority (89%) of clinicians were satisfied with their imaging reports and stated that they read the radiology report as soon as it was available (92%). Just less than half (48%) of clinicians indicated it was standard of care that a board-certified veterinary radiologist read all imaging studies. Radiologists and clinicians agreed that a clinical history (98% and 94%, respectively) and clinical question (82% and 68%, respectively) were needed to generate a good radiology report. Fifty-five percent to 70% of clinicians prefer red bulleted reports, which included incidental findings (96%); while radiologists slightly favored prose reporting (37-46%). Clinicians found it helpful when additional imaging (86%), medical (71%), and surgical recommendations (73%) were made. About one-third of specialists who had been in practice for &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;11 years thought they were better able to interpret imaging for their own specialty than the radiologist. Clinicians voiced discontentment with reports that were not completed in a timely manner or did not give a prioritized differential list. Further studies are warranted to provide a more in-depth evaluation of veterinary radiology reporting structure and style.

Research paper thumbnail of Ultrasonic Imaging and Animal Reproduction: Fundamentals, Book 1