javad bahmani | Work From Home (original) (raw)
Papers by javad bahmani
Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences, 2019
Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology, 2018
Sociology and Criminology-Open Access, 2016
In Sheikh Safildin Ardebili era and then Esmail Safavi wearing the cloth of Sheikh, occupied the ... more In Sheikh Safildin Ardebili era and then Esmail Safavi wearing the cloth of Sheikh, occupied the cities one after another in the first city, Ardebil called Ali Valiollah to establish Shia religion in the country. What was the reason; He released himself of Ottomans to believe it really. Since that era, superstition of this religion was increased and sometimes distinguishing wrong from right is impossible. By a review of present community and its cultural link with the past, I find about the causes of duality in selection of path by people. This issue motivates my thoughts to respond and this is the final aim of this study.
Intellectual Property Rights: Open Access, 2017
The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in m... more The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in modern society was established by thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, and Stuart Mill during the 17 th and 18 th centuries. The role of civil society in inhibition of political power is the neglected point in this set of thought. How the civil society should react to momentary and weapons policies as an observer? The political powers have now become powerful based on the investors' interactions and different lobbies after centuries. Playing with public thoughts of power is carried out beyond the movies, and it results in domination over the news sources and agencies, and promoting a up-down order. I am seeking to share some of my thought here.
Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2016
Journal of Democracy, 2009
The secularization hypothesis has failed, and failed spectacularly. We must find a new paradigm t... more The secularization hypothesis has failed, and failed spectacularly. We must find a new paradigm to help us understand the complexities of the relationship between religion and democracy.
International Journal of Forensic Sciences
In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfar... more In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfare for themselves and the family, need a long-term plan and its time depends on their income. But in a developed or developing community citizens can have plans for their own life and welfare, being accountable in case of any turmoil in this trend, guides the society from the convincing reasons to the subjective balance.. The question is, what do people do in a society where politics and economics are inclined to the depression of community? In such societies like Iran, Venezuela or North Korea, it is basically something that is supremacy, the sovereignty of the ideological view on politics and any ruling function whether elective or non-elective should be taken into consideration. Nazi people dominated this sovereignty based on their will.. This is my first and fundamental hypothesis in this paper as human evolution has shown that countries that are more closely guarded by the community in various democratic ways and correct response of their sovereignty determines their fate in the most calm condition. The power of the people to achieve favorable conditions for a variety of personal or community-based planning is much higher and more stable.
Annals of Social Sciences & Management studies
The cultural cohesion in different civilizations affects human behavior. European countries had n... more The cultural cohesion in different civilizations affects human behavior. European countries had no specific country and gradually they were released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as top to bottom. In Iran, civilization was strong and even after Islam, they didn't change their language into Arabic, before that they had human community in a country with central government. People were building the governments in this regard. Even in the extension of countries or different invasions, they didn't low their Iranian identity. This study doesn't attempt to compare the civilization and religions but it reviews the underdevelopment causes of Iran with such civil and cultural integration. In new western concept of West, why this nation with thousands years of establishment of government couldn't achieved common human freedom including freedom of speech or democracy in the past decades. Iran had great culture and civilization all around the world and people had important role in this culture and they emphasized mostly on the term "Iran" in this country.
Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences
The basic instrument of disagreements and prevention from dialogues is dispossession of logics an... more The basic instrument of disagreements and prevention from dialogues is dispossession of logics and arguments. The other cause is non-formation of the state-nation arrangement in most Middle East and Caucasus countries. Intellectual power and transmission of a structured discourse with a prevailing philosophical body are what we presently need. Dialogue means increased knowledge tiers in exchanging mutual knowhow; and, in regions where a teasing lack of such knowledge is felt and only bigoted conformances prevail, an influential current, which is devoid of courageousness to make a dialogue, gets on courage to slaughter. This is expressive of priority of human thought over his physique. Why human beings do not accord with the idea of prevention from ignorance knowing that science and knowledge are prioritized over bullets? This study intends to provide replies to this question. My main idea is that long-term education in certain parts of the world gives rise to a sort of ignorance, which might innately be held as egotism.
International Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfar... more In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfare for themselves and the family, need a long-term plan and its time depends on their income. But in a developed or developing community citizens can have plans for their own life and welfare, being accountable in case of any turmoil in this trend, guides the society from the convincing reasons to the subjective balance.. The question is, what do people do in a society where politics and economics are inclined to the depression of community? In such societies like Iran, Venezuela or North Korea, it is basically something that is supremacy, the sovereignty of the ideological view on politics and any ruling function whether elective or non-elective should be taken into consideration. Nazi people dominated this sovereignty based on their will.. This is my first and fundamental hypothesis in this paper as human evolution has shown that countries that are more closely guarded by the community in various democratic ways and correct response of their sovereignty determines their fate in the most calm condition. The power of the people to achieve favorable conditions for a variety of personal or community-based planning is much higher and more stable.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
Forming and spreading of civil society shows the solidarity and maneuvering of society to authori... more Forming and spreading of civil society shows the solidarity and maneuvering of society to authoritarians, so according to the origin of the civil society, means public, demands of their society was shown by civil society in a nonviolent and organized way in a way that deviation of authoritarians from interests of society and country was quickly reacted by civil society. This process makes the government be accountable to the people and be able to convince society for their decisions. The most important movement of civil society was development of the society because public interests were important.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
....sing its evaluation trend in western though toward creating responsible and efficient organiz... more ....sing its evaluation trend in western though toward creating responsible and efficient organization that is responsible for defined duties in the continuous changing. Social justice, protection of citizens liberties, society and are outlines are functions of established institution by people in order to organize the country’s current affairs. Taking look at the path which leads to establishing this institution, shows a turbulent path. Since city –state up to church hegemony and transition to the age of enlightenment in the seventeen and eighteen centuries, the emergence of the great theories such as: “Locke”, “Rousseau”, “Mill” andother great thinkers in this field gives the spirit of ministers thought to the governance structure and has kept this process open and keeps the process ready for steps forward in order to achieve better governance by human. Undoubtedly this fundamental perspective about government ruling views can’t be discussed out of time and place circumstances even conditions of growing thinkers were not without effect for offering their views. But political sociology was so helpful in order to emerge the ideas. Individualistic look, especially after transition from domination of the church which effect these thoughts, caused that now after period of modernity, post-modern views makes great challenges in terms of the causes of human separation and talked about analysis of internals and human’s nontechnological relation in family and psychoanalysts such as: “Lacan” and thinkers like: “Lyotard”,”Indarian”, “Michel Foucaultet” and have developed challenged. And this is a path that will have a tremendous impact on state’s function ...
Journal of Sociology and Criminology, 2016
Each word in language is a sign and language operates as a system of signs. Saussure in his lingu... more Each word in language is a sign and language operates as a system of signs. Saussure in his linguistic analysis regards two components for a sign: a phonic component, which is called "signifier" and a mental and conceptual component called "signified". Signified is not one thing, but a concept of a thing, a concept that comes to our mind when we speak the signifier. Therefore, signifier forms the material aspect of the language. Any spoken and written meaningful form is signifier. He distinguished between language and speech and mentioned that language is the system or structure of a language. Language is a series of linguistic rules that people must obey to communicate. The use of this system by people in their life is speech. The same distinction is suggested by structural sociologists between structure and event. In other words, they have separated the abstract systems of rules from single objective events occurring in the systems. The second distinction by Saussure is synchronic and diachronic axes. Synchronism exists at a given moment. Saussure was in favor of synchronism. In general, structuralism is synchronic.
released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as ... more released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as top to bottom. In Iran, civilization was strong and even after Islam, they didn’t change their language into Arabic, before that they had human community in a country with central government. People were building the governments in this regard. Even in the extension of countries or different invasions, they didn’t low their Iranian identity. This study doesn’t attempt to compare the civilization and religions but it reviews the underdevelopment causes of Iran with such civil and cultural integration. In new western concept of West, why this nation with thousands years of establishment of government couldn’t achieved common human freedom including freedom of speech or democracy in the past decades. Iran had great culture and civilization all around the world
Glob J Arch & Anthropol, 2019
The close relationship between economy and politics in the world, especially in the underdevelope... more The close relationship between economy and politics in the world, especially in the underdeveloped or developing countries, is the radical factor in their laggardness. And, Iran is to not only be included in this circle but it also is amongst the countries wherein the political economy as the output of the economic and political strategies in the country is the most major factor giving rise to its laggardness. The decision-making elements have been classified in the areas of economy and politics in various levels. The most important of these areas is the decisions made by Iran's supreme leader in the area of domestic and foreign policies and confrontation with the economic corruption and not having a clear-cut economic policy. Due to its subtle association with economy and politics and close relationship with other factors marking development in culture, social welfare, job security, minorities' security, gross domestic growth, the association between the nation and state and nation's attachment to the political structure has been acting quite unsuccessfully as caused by governance mechanisms. The investigation of the existing statistical indices in this regard in Iran's Statistics Website and succinct investigation of the corruptions in the files existent in the un-independent judicature branch and evident familial associations in the apex of the country's affairs, the investigation of the files on addiction, prostitution and tens of other cases all of which stemmed from Shiite-driven policies in the world and not related to the governing of the country causing the it to lag behind in development make it clear that the delinquency density and even faith and ethical infrastructures have been dragged towards very unfavorable indices. The main question is that how has politics influenced Iran's economy after the Islamic Revolution? Hypotheses: 1) the antagonistic spirits in Iran's leadership cadre has caused it economic challenges with the world; 2) delegation of many authorities in the constitution to the leader has created a body of unaccountable power; 3) the absence of separate branches and lack of supervision by Guardians Council on all the decisions and options have caused the creation of a defective support cycle. The present study tries finding an answer to the main question and proving the hypotheses based on sufficient reasons.
Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2016
In post-positivism view, attitude to phenomenology and its foundations is different from the posi... more In post-positivism view, attitude to phenomenology and its foundations is different from the positivism view. This movement was started three decades of 20th century and is also developing now. It is established from artistic, architectural views and is extended to other social science fields. The psychological view of Lacan and Derrida, Baudrillard and Lyotard and other scientists in this field and some people as Derderian and Shapiro, etc. had created different view in international relations. Referring from the original (modernity) to margin and listening to low voice is a multiple view in this thought. The lack of originality and achieving various attitudes from different angles show that post modernism with a complete view by different post-structural views can investigate each image with different view of modernity mechanisms and phenomenological and ontology and its mythology. Also, the distance between subject and object can be reduced and object acting is increased. These solutions are effective in internal relations and new views can be raised in international relations outside of positivism view. The most important principle is emphasizing on marginal voices as not hearted by dominance and power relations and insisting on international bright relations instead of dark areas in international relations can be considered. Saussure emphasized a distinction between signifier and signified. The sound of the term apple is signifier and the concept of apple is signified. The structural relationship between signifier and signified is a semiotic and language is based on these signs. This identity sign is arbitrary and signifier is not used instead of signified. In post-structuralism, signified is decreased and signifier is in superior position. This means that there is no one by one correspondence between assumptions and reality. Some similarities in structuralism and post-structuralism • Criticizing subject: Subject refers to something much familiar than a person. Levy Strauss as a pioneer structuralism believes that subject is the center of being of philosophy. He believes that the final aim of human sciences is neither establishing of human being nor his elimination. Some post-structuralism as Foucault says that in subject, the self-theory equal to awareness is doubtful and awareness of centrality is eliminated. • Both of them are critique of Historicism: They are doubtful about this thought that there is an entire model in history. The important example of criticism of Strauss is Sartre theory about historical materialism in the book "The savage mind" and he believes that the current community is better than the past cultures. • Both approaches are critique of meaning. • Both criticize philosophy (Althusser view about young Marx in Hegel and old Marx as the theorists). The special features of post-structuralism. "While structuralism sees the truth as being 'behind' or 'within' a text, post-structuralism stresses the interaction of reader and text as productivity. Poststructuralism is highly critical of the unity of the stable sign (the Saussurian view). The new movement implies a shift from the signified to the signifier, and so there is a perpetual detour on the way to a truth that has lost any status or finality. Post-structuralism, in short, involves a critique of metaphysics, of the concepts of causality, of identity, of the subject, and of truth. Lacan doctoral thesis on paranoid psychosis and its relation to personality, he believed that madness is a discourse and an attempt for communication that must be interpreted. We have to understand rather than give causal explanations. He emphasizes that the personality is not the mind but the whole being. We cannot separate a person's psychology from his or her personal history. Lacan's view is always interpreted by the human subject, through language. He believes that unconscious has hidden structure as similar mostly to language structure. One of the reasons of superimposition of the signifiers which metaphor takes as its field is that a image can thus have different meanings. Lacan believes that a sentence has not definite end and can be finished by various types. One can only see oneself as one thinks others see one. There is an inherent tension, a feeling of danger, because one's identity depends on recognition by the other. This is the main theme of Hegel's story of Master and Slave. Hegel argued that consciousness cannot grasp itself without recognition by others. The Master needs recognition from the slave but this is a self-defeating process. To generalize from it, we would like to reduce others to an instrument, a mirror [1]. There is a moment of aggression when we want to overcome our dependency. Lacan believes in a specific ontology, we all have a need for wholeness; a longing for the unity, but the achievement of plenitude is impossibility. These are based on important idea of Lacan "dialectic of recognition". This refers to the idea that we get knowledge of what we are from how others respond to us. Freud the unconscious has a threatening aspect; according to Lacan unconscious is the locus of truth, of authenticity. And yet Lacan believes that the unconscious cannot be an object of knowledge; the ego projects itself and then fails to recognize itself. Self-knowledge means that the self can reflect on itself is not possible. Lacan believes that the desire of the dream is to communicate. Freud was very interested in the relationship between nature and culture and emphasized the dominance of culture over nature. However, Lacan rejects the notion of an innate human nature. Nature, for Lacan, is the real which is out there but impossible to grasp in a pure state because it is always mediated through language.
Sociology and Criminology-Open Acces, 2016
Different discussions about separation of religion and politics and secularism motivated this tho... more Different discussions about separation of religion and politics and secularism motivated this thought that is there any consistency between religious society and democracy or not. The starting point in the discussions is the lack of democracy in religious community and totalitarian nature of society from scientific and technological aspects. The belief that the religious community cannot tolerate various views motivated me to think more in this regard and the result is the present study to use inductive method and evaluate the details and reach generalities that religion cannot negate democracy. The main question of study is whether religion and democracy are combined? The exiting hypotheses show that individualistic approaches in human communities are better than religious approach. Individualistic approaches are mostly based on democracy basics. Religion is the origin of real democracy in human communities. The important hypothesis in this study is accepting the main position of human being and his real origin is its consistency on Sharia. The variables of study are different human communities, the thought origin of communities, awareness of society to religious orders, the relationship of society with the God speech soul via perceiving Quran, historical and political history of society, thought evolution in joining process to global village and other variables as they can change the inference of human aspects and God speech.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in m... more The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in modern society was established by thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, and Stuart Mill during the 17 th and 18 th centuries. The role of civil society in inhibition of political power is the neglected point in this set of thought. How the civil society should react to momentary and weapons policies as an observer? The political powers have now become powerful based on the investors' interactions and different lobbies after centuries. Playing with public thoughts of power is carried out beyond the movies, and it results in domination over the news sources and agencies, and promoting a up-down order. I am seeking to share some of my thought here.
Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences, 2019
Global Journal of Archaeology & Anthropology, 2018
Sociology and Criminology-Open Access, 2016
In Sheikh Safildin Ardebili era and then Esmail Safavi wearing the cloth of Sheikh, occupied the ... more In Sheikh Safildin Ardebili era and then Esmail Safavi wearing the cloth of Sheikh, occupied the cities one after another in the first city, Ardebil called Ali Valiollah to establish Shia religion in the country. What was the reason; He released himself of Ottomans to believe it really. Since that era, superstition of this religion was increased and sometimes distinguishing wrong from right is impossible. By a review of present community and its cultural link with the past, I find about the causes of duality in selection of path by people. This issue motivates my thoughts to respond and this is the final aim of this study.
Intellectual Property Rights: Open Access, 2017
The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in m... more The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in modern society was established by thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, and Stuart Mill during the 17 th and 18 th centuries. The role of civil society in inhibition of political power is the neglected point in this set of thought. How the civil society should react to momentary and weapons policies as an observer? The political powers have now become powerful based on the investors' interactions and different lobbies after centuries. Playing with public thoughts of power is carried out beyond the movies, and it results in domination over the news sources and agencies, and promoting a up-down order. I am seeking to share some of my thought here.
Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2016
Journal of Democracy, 2009
The secularization hypothesis has failed, and failed spectacularly. We must find a new paradigm t... more The secularization hypothesis has failed, and failed spectacularly. We must find a new paradigm to help us understand the complexities of the relationship between religion and democracy.
International Journal of Forensic Sciences
In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfar... more In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfare for themselves and the family, need a long-term plan and its time depends on their income. But in a developed or developing community citizens can have plans for their own life and welfare, being accountable in case of any turmoil in this trend, guides the society from the convincing reasons to the subjective balance.. The question is, what do people do in a society where politics and economics are inclined to the depression of community? In such societies like Iran, Venezuela or North Korea, it is basically something that is supremacy, the sovereignty of the ideological view on politics and any ruling function whether elective or non-elective should be taken into consideration. Nazi people dominated this sovereignty based on their will.. This is my first and fundamental hypothesis in this paper as human evolution has shown that countries that are more closely guarded by the community in various democratic ways and correct response of their sovereignty determines their fate in the most calm condition. The power of the people to achieve favorable conditions for a variety of personal or community-based planning is much higher and more stable.
Annals of Social Sciences & Management studies
The cultural cohesion in different civilizations affects human behavior. European countries had n... more The cultural cohesion in different civilizations affects human behavior. European countries had no specific country and gradually they were released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as top to bottom. In Iran, civilization was strong and even after Islam, they didn't change their language into Arabic, before that they had human community in a country with central government. People were building the governments in this regard. Even in the extension of countries or different invasions, they didn't low their Iranian identity. This study doesn't attempt to compare the civilization and religions but it reviews the underdevelopment causes of Iran with such civil and cultural integration. In new western concept of West, why this nation with thousands years of establishment of government couldn't achieved common human freedom including freedom of speech or democracy in the past decades. Iran had great culture and civilization all around the world and people had important role in this culture and they emphasized mostly on the term "Iran" in this country.
Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences
The basic instrument of disagreements and prevention from dialogues is dispossession of logics an... more The basic instrument of disagreements and prevention from dialogues is dispossession of logics and arguments. The other cause is non-formation of the state-nation arrangement in most Middle East and Caucasus countries. Intellectual power and transmission of a structured discourse with a prevailing philosophical body are what we presently need. Dialogue means increased knowledge tiers in exchanging mutual knowhow; and, in regions where a teasing lack of such knowledge is felt and only bigoted conformances prevail, an influential current, which is devoid of courageousness to make a dialogue, gets on courage to slaughter. This is expressive of priority of human thought over his physique. Why human beings do not accord with the idea of prevention from ignorance knowing that science and knowledge are prioritized over bullets? This study intends to provide replies to this question. My main idea is that long-term education in certain parts of the world gives rise to a sort of ignorance, which might innately be held as egotism.
International Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfar... more In a society, different classes in social groups or tribes, in order to achieve a relative welfare for themselves and the family, need a long-term plan and its time depends on their income. But in a developed or developing community citizens can have plans for their own life and welfare, being accountable in case of any turmoil in this trend, guides the society from the convincing reasons to the subjective balance.. The question is, what do people do in a society where politics and economics are inclined to the depression of community? In such societies like Iran, Venezuela or North Korea, it is basically something that is supremacy, the sovereignty of the ideological view on politics and any ruling function whether elective or non-elective should be taken into consideration. Nazi people dominated this sovereignty based on their will.. This is my first and fundamental hypothesis in this paper as human evolution has shown that countries that are more closely guarded by the community in various democratic ways and correct response of their sovereignty determines their fate in the most calm condition. The power of the people to achieve favorable conditions for a variety of personal or community-based planning is much higher and more stable.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
Forming and spreading of civil society shows the solidarity and maneuvering of society to authori... more Forming and spreading of civil society shows the solidarity and maneuvering of society to authoritarians, so according to the origin of the civil society, means public, demands of their society was shown by civil society in a nonviolent and organized way in a way that deviation of authoritarians from interests of society and country was quickly reacted by civil society. This process makes the government be accountable to the people and be able to convince society for their decisions. The most important movement of civil society was development of the society because public interests were important.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
....sing its evaluation trend in western though toward creating responsible and efficient organiz... more ....sing its evaluation trend in western though toward creating responsible and efficient organization that is responsible for defined duties in the continuous changing. Social justice, protection of citizens liberties, society and are outlines are functions of established institution by people in order to organize the country’s current affairs. Taking look at the path which leads to establishing this institution, shows a turbulent path. Since city –state up to church hegemony and transition to the age of enlightenment in the seventeen and eighteen centuries, the emergence of the great theories such as: “Locke”, “Rousseau”, “Mill” andother great thinkers in this field gives the spirit of ministers thought to the governance structure and has kept this process open and keeps the process ready for steps forward in order to achieve better governance by human. Undoubtedly this fundamental perspective about government ruling views can’t be discussed out of time and place circumstances even conditions of growing thinkers were not without effect for offering their views. But political sociology was so helpful in order to emerge the ideas. Individualistic look, especially after transition from domination of the church which effect these thoughts, caused that now after period of modernity, post-modern views makes great challenges in terms of the causes of human separation and talked about analysis of internals and human’s nontechnological relation in family and psychoanalysts such as: “Lacan” and thinkers like: “Lyotard”,”Indarian”, “Michel Foucaultet” and have developed challenged. And this is a path that will have a tremendous impact on state’s function ...
Journal of Sociology and Criminology, 2016
Each word in language is a sign and language operates as a system of signs. Saussure in his lingu... more Each word in language is a sign and language operates as a system of signs. Saussure in his linguistic analysis regards two components for a sign: a phonic component, which is called "signifier" and a mental and conceptual component called "signified". Signified is not one thing, but a concept of a thing, a concept that comes to our mind when we speak the signifier. Therefore, signifier forms the material aspect of the language. Any spoken and written meaningful form is signifier. He distinguished between language and speech and mentioned that language is the system or structure of a language. Language is a series of linguistic rules that people must obey to communicate. The use of this system by people in their life is speech. The same distinction is suggested by structural sociologists between structure and event. In other words, they have separated the abstract systems of rules from single objective events occurring in the systems. The second distinction by Saussure is synchronic and diachronic axes. Synchronism exists at a given moment. Saussure was in favor of synchronism. In general, structuralism is synchronic.
released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as ... more released of the dominance of church and based on the new definition created government-nation as top to bottom. In Iran, civilization was strong and even after Islam, they didn’t change their language into Arabic, before that they had human community in a country with central government. People were building the governments in this regard. Even in the extension of countries or different invasions, they didn’t low their Iranian identity. This study doesn’t attempt to compare the civilization and religions but it reviews the underdevelopment causes of Iran with such civil and cultural integration. In new western concept of West, why this nation with thousands years of establishment of government couldn’t achieved common human freedom including freedom of speech or democracy in the past decades. Iran had great culture and civilization all around the world
Glob J Arch & Anthropol, 2019
The close relationship between economy and politics in the world, especially in the underdevelope... more The close relationship between economy and politics in the world, especially in the underdeveloped or developing countries, is the radical factor in their laggardness. And, Iran is to not only be included in this circle but it also is amongst the countries wherein the political economy as the output of the economic and political strategies in the country is the most major factor giving rise to its laggardness. The decision-making elements have been classified in the areas of economy and politics in various levels. The most important of these areas is the decisions made by Iran's supreme leader in the area of domestic and foreign policies and confrontation with the economic corruption and not having a clear-cut economic policy. Due to its subtle association with economy and politics and close relationship with other factors marking development in culture, social welfare, job security, minorities' security, gross domestic growth, the association between the nation and state and nation's attachment to the political structure has been acting quite unsuccessfully as caused by governance mechanisms. The investigation of the existing statistical indices in this regard in Iran's Statistics Website and succinct investigation of the corruptions in the files existent in the un-independent judicature branch and evident familial associations in the apex of the country's affairs, the investigation of the files on addiction, prostitution and tens of other cases all of which stemmed from Shiite-driven policies in the world and not related to the governing of the country causing the it to lag behind in development make it clear that the delinquency density and even faith and ethical infrastructures have been dragged towards very unfavorable indices. The main question is that how has politics influenced Iran's economy after the Islamic Revolution? Hypotheses: 1) the antagonistic spirits in Iran's leadership cadre has caused it economic challenges with the world; 2) delegation of many authorities in the constitution to the leader has created a body of unaccountable power; 3) the absence of separate branches and lack of supervision by Guardians Council on all the decisions and options have caused the creation of a defective support cycle. The present study tries finding an answer to the main question and proving the hypotheses based on sufficient reasons.
Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2016
In post-positivism view, attitude to phenomenology and its foundations is different from the posi... more In post-positivism view, attitude to phenomenology and its foundations is different from the positivism view. This movement was started three decades of 20th century and is also developing now. It is established from artistic, architectural views and is extended to other social science fields. The psychological view of Lacan and Derrida, Baudrillard and Lyotard and other scientists in this field and some people as Derderian and Shapiro, etc. had created different view in international relations. Referring from the original (modernity) to margin and listening to low voice is a multiple view in this thought. The lack of originality and achieving various attitudes from different angles show that post modernism with a complete view by different post-structural views can investigate each image with different view of modernity mechanisms and phenomenological and ontology and its mythology. Also, the distance between subject and object can be reduced and object acting is increased. These solutions are effective in internal relations and new views can be raised in international relations outside of positivism view. The most important principle is emphasizing on marginal voices as not hearted by dominance and power relations and insisting on international bright relations instead of dark areas in international relations can be considered. Saussure emphasized a distinction between signifier and signified. The sound of the term apple is signifier and the concept of apple is signified. The structural relationship between signifier and signified is a semiotic and language is based on these signs. This identity sign is arbitrary and signifier is not used instead of signified. In post-structuralism, signified is decreased and signifier is in superior position. This means that there is no one by one correspondence between assumptions and reality. Some similarities in structuralism and post-structuralism • Criticizing subject: Subject refers to something much familiar than a person. Levy Strauss as a pioneer structuralism believes that subject is the center of being of philosophy. He believes that the final aim of human sciences is neither establishing of human being nor his elimination. Some post-structuralism as Foucault says that in subject, the self-theory equal to awareness is doubtful and awareness of centrality is eliminated. • Both of them are critique of Historicism: They are doubtful about this thought that there is an entire model in history. The important example of criticism of Strauss is Sartre theory about historical materialism in the book "The savage mind" and he believes that the current community is better than the past cultures. • Both approaches are critique of meaning. • Both criticize philosophy (Althusser view about young Marx in Hegel and old Marx as the theorists). The special features of post-structuralism. "While structuralism sees the truth as being 'behind' or 'within' a text, post-structuralism stresses the interaction of reader and text as productivity. Poststructuralism is highly critical of the unity of the stable sign (the Saussurian view). The new movement implies a shift from the signified to the signifier, and so there is a perpetual detour on the way to a truth that has lost any status or finality. Post-structuralism, in short, involves a critique of metaphysics, of the concepts of causality, of identity, of the subject, and of truth. Lacan doctoral thesis on paranoid psychosis and its relation to personality, he believed that madness is a discourse and an attempt for communication that must be interpreted. We have to understand rather than give causal explanations. He emphasizes that the personality is not the mind but the whole being. We cannot separate a person's psychology from his or her personal history. Lacan's view is always interpreted by the human subject, through language. He believes that unconscious has hidden structure as similar mostly to language structure. One of the reasons of superimposition of the signifiers which metaphor takes as its field is that a image can thus have different meanings. Lacan believes that a sentence has not definite end and can be finished by various types. One can only see oneself as one thinks others see one. There is an inherent tension, a feeling of danger, because one's identity depends on recognition by the other. This is the main theme of Hegel's story of Master and Slave. Hegel argued that consciousness cannot grasp itself without recognition by others. The Master needs recognition from the slave but this is a self-defeating process. To generalize from it, we would like to reduce others to an instrument, a mirror [1]. There is a moment of aggression when we want to overcome our dependency. Lacan believes in a specific ontology, we all have a need for wholeness; a longing for the unity, but the achievement of plenitude is impossibility. These are based on important idea of Lacan "dialectic of recognition". This refers to the idea that we get knowledge of what we are from how others respond to us. Freud the unconscious has a threatening aspect; according to Lacan unconscious is the locus of truth, of authenticity. And yet Lacan believes that the unconscious cannot be an object of knowledge; the ego projects itself and then fails to recognize itself. Self-knowledge means that the self can reflect on itself is not possible. Lacan believes that the desire of the dream is to communicate. Freud was very interested in the relationship between nature and culture and emphasized the dominance of culture over nature. However, Lacan rejects the notion of an innate human nature. Nature, for Lacan, is the real which is out there but impossible to grasp in a pure state because it is always mediated through language.
Sociology and Criminology-Open Acces, 2016
Different discussions about separation of religion and politics and secularism motivated this tho... more Different discussions about separation of religion and politics and secularism motivated this thought that is there any consistency between religious society and democracy or not. The starting point in the discussions is the lack of democracy in religious community and totalitarian nature of society from scientific and technological aspects. The belief that the religious community cannot tolerate various views motivated me to think more in this regard and the result is the present study to use inductive method and evaluate the details and reach generalities that religion cannot negate democracy. The main question of study is whether religion and democracy are combined? The exiting hypotheses show that individualistic approaches in human communities are better than religious approach. Individualistic approaches are mostly based on democracy basics. Religion is the origin of real democracy in human communities. The important hypothesis in this study is accepting the main position of human being and his real origin is its consistency on Sharia. The variables of study are different human communities, the thought origin of communities, awareness of society to religious orders, the relationship of society with the God speech soul via perceiving Quran, historical and political history of society, thought evolution in joining process to global village and other variables as they can change the inference of human aspects and God speech.
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2016
The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in m... more The human and his right-oriented demands were analyzed and theorized since the basis of idea in modern society was established by thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, and Stuart Mill during the 17 th and 18 th centuries. The role of civil society in inhibition of political power is the neglected point in this set of thought. How the civil society should react to momentary and weapons policies as an observer? The political powers have now become powerful based on the investors' interactions and different lobbies after centuries. Playing with public thoughts of power is carried out beyond the movies, and it results in domination over the news sources and agencies, and promoting a up-down order. I am seeking to share some of my thought here.