Prof.Kusal Das | BLDE UNIVERSITY BIJAPUR (original) (raw)
Papers by Prof.Kusal Das
Korean Journal of Medical Education, Nov 30, 2023
Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Current psychiatry research and review, Mar 2, 2023
Global Medical Genetics
Objective The goal of this research was to investigate the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene mutati... more Objective The goal of this research was to investigate the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene mutations associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss individuals in North Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods For this study, patients with sensorineural genetic hearing abnormalities and a family history of deafness were included. A total of 35 patients from 20 families have been included in the study. The patient's DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. The GJB2 gene coding region was analyzed through Sanger sequencing. Results There is no changes in the first exon of the GJB2 gene. Nine different variants were recorded in second exon of the targeted gene. W24X and W77X are two nonsense mutations and three polymorphisms viz. R127H, V153I, and I33T were reported along with four 3′-UTR variants. A total (9/20) of 45% of families have been identified with mutations in the targeted gene. Conclusion GJB2 mutations were identified in 19 deaf-mute patients (19/35), and 13 patients w...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Background: Altered glucose homeostasis due to hyperlipidemia mainly revolves around pathophysiol... more Background: Altered glucose homeostasis due to hyperlipidemia mainly revolves around pathophysiological effects of abnormal lipid levels and insulin resistance. Reduced HRV an indicator of cardiac autonomic function is connected with greater risk of cardiovascular diseases. Glucose homeostasis markers were related with reduced cardiac autonomic functions in diabetic rats but results reported were discordant with those without diabetes. Aims and objectives: Study aimed to assess relation between glucose homeostasis with HRV among hyperlipidemic rats and to assess protective glucose regulatory actions of Emblica officinalis on hyperlipidemic rats. Material and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) was prepared. Rats were divided into four groups (n=6); group 1- Control (20% fat); group 2 (20% fat+ EEO 100 mg/kg/b w); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg/b w) for 21 days.Gravimetry and electrophysiological analysis (HRV and sympathovagal balance) were done. In vivo, tests on glucose regulatory system were conducted like fasting and postprandial glucose, fasting insulin levels and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. ANOVA and Pearson's correlation was done to analyze the data. Results: Subchronic supplementation of EEO to hyperlipidemic rats showed a significant beneficial effect on altered glucose homeostasis. An electrophysiological evaluation revealed altered sympathovagal balance in hyperlipidemic rats which indicate cardiac autonomic malfunctions and found to be improved in EEO supplemented rats. A significant correlation was observed between HRV and glucose homeostasis. Conclusion: Impairment in glucose homeostasis due to High-fat diet is associated with altered heart rate variability. EEO supplementation found to be protective against high-fat diet-induced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and glucose metabolism.
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2022
SARS-CoV-2 the new strain of SARS corona virus is an RNA virus that inflicts acute respiratory di... more SARS-CoV-2 the new strain of SARS corona virus is an RNA virus that inflicts acute respiratory distress syndrome due to infection of the alveolar epithelial cells, its primary target. No effective drug is currently available to treat this viral infection. Therefore, we focused on identifying inhibitors of the main viral protease domain (Mpro) which plays important role in the virus life cycle. Two tired computer-aided drug discovery approach were adopted for screening of novel inhibitors against Mpro, the target protein. First, based on their ADME/T properties, phytochemicals as well as synthetic drugs six compounds were selected from the available database. In second screening by molecular docking based on binding affinity and molecular interactions of these compounds with Mpro led to the identification of the best phytochemical and synthetic compound against Mpro. The result of docking complex showed that, interacting residues for myricetin are continuous while, in case of fosampr...
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2022
Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synt... more Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS 3 and NOS 2) and, hence, the cardiovascular responses in preeclampsia. Methods This was a case control study in which patients with preeclampsia (PE group) and normal pregnancy controls (NP group) were included according to the guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated, and the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. The gene profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 was performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The serum levels of malondialdehyde were increased (p < 0.0001), and the total antioxidant capacity was reduced in the PE group (p = 0.034), indicating oxidative st...
BLOOD RESEARCH, 2021
Background Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from coagulation factor I... more Background Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from coagulation factor IX defects. Over 3,000 pathogenic, HB-associated mutations in the F9 gene have been identified. We aimed to investigate the role of F9 variants in 150 HB patients using sequencing technology. Methods F9 gene sequences were amplified from peripheral blood-derived DNA and sequenced on an Applied Biosystems (ABI) 3500 Sanger sequencing platform. Functional and structural predictions of mutant FIX were analyzed. Results Among 150 HB patients, 102 (68%), 30 (20%), and 18 (12%) suffered from severe, moderate, and mild HB, respectively. Genetic analysis identified 16 mutations, including 3 novel mutations. Nine mutations (7 missense and 2 stop-gain) were found to be pathogenic. Only 3 mutations (c.127C＞T, c.470G＞A, and c.1070G＞A) were associated with different severities. While 2 mutations were associated with mild HB cases (c.304C＞T and c.580A＞G), 2 (c.195G＞A and c.1385A＞G) and 3 mutations (c.223C＞T, c.1187G＞A, and c.1232G＞A) resulted in moderate and severe disease, respectively. Additionally, 1 mutation each was associated with mild-moderate (c.*1110A＞G) and mild-severe HB disease (c.197A＞T), 4 mutations were associated with moderate-severe HB cases (c.314A＞G, c.198A＞T, c.676C＞T, and c.1094C＞A). FIX concentrations were lower in the mutated group (5.5±2.5% vs. 8.0±2.5%). Novel p.E66D and p.S365 mutations were predicted to be pathogenic based on changes in FIX structure and function. Conclusion Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) largely contributed to the pathogenesis of HB. Our study strongly suggests that population-based genetic screening will be particularly helpful to identify risk prediction and carrier detection tools for Indian HB patients.
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Aim: In human beings, the thyroid gland is one of the earliest endocrine organs to differentiate;... more Aim: In human beings, the thyroid gland is one of the earliest endocrine organs to differentiate; it has an important hormonal role in embryonic development. Objective: 50 stillborn foetus obtained within time to avoid post-mortem changes. The gestational age, sex, weight, crown-rump lengths were studied in detail. The gestational age ranges from 12th week to 36th week. Weight measured in grams, crown-rump length by plastic tape and scale divider. Methods and Material: 50 stillborn, normal fetuses 30 male, 20 female. Gestational age, sex, weight, crown-rump length. Weight measured on the digital weighing machine. Plastic tape, scale and divider to measure crown-rump length. Fetuses were dissected and thyroid gland was removed. On calculation, 1 division of micrometre eyepiece was 4μm. By using this scale diameter of follicles were calculated at 10xs by 40xs. Size of follicles was measured from early to late fetal period, nature of epithelium, appearance, amount of colloid content, c...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manife... more Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before the age of three. ASD is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic patterns of interests and behavior. More than 1 million cases per year are reported in India. It is now believed that ASD is due to complex genetic and environmental interactions. Changes in over 1,000 genes have been reported to be associated with ASD. Many of the associated genes are involved in the development and functions of the brain. The proposed candidate gene for ASD includes the Neuroligin (NLGN). It is a cell adhesion protein on the postsynaptic membrane involved in Synaptogenesis. Objective: To screen the variants in NLGN3 gene associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: 1821 mentally ill children from the North Karnataka region of Karnataka, India were screened as per DSM-V Criter...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Background: The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the renal function through the v... more Background: The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the renal function through the vasoactive system and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Even though interest in the renal protective effects of sympathetic blocker has been increased, there are not much data to clarify this efficiency in nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats. Aim and Objectives: To find out the effect of cilnidipine, L/N-type calcium channel blocker on oxidative stress of kidney in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibited experimental hypertensive rats. Material and Methods: Male Albino Wistar rats (n-24) were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1, control received vehicle; group 2, received Cilnidipine; group 3, received NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME); group 4, received L-NAME &Cilnidipine; All drugs are given orally for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and twice during intervention for all the rats. On the 29th day, blood wa...
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posing a major ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posing a major health challenge. It is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality which accounts for 20 -50 % of all deaths. Evidence suggests that Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in regulating blood pressure and that impaired NO bioactivity is an important component of hypertension. Hence this study is taken up to estimate nitrite levels in Primary Hypertension patients compared with healthy individuals. METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur and District Hospital, Bijapur. Thirty five (35) Primary Hypertension Patients (17 male, 18 female) between 35 to 65 yrs age and thirty nine (39) healthy individuals, controls (20 male, 19 female) between 38 yrs to 65 yrs age visiting Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur and District Hospital Bijapur were selected. Serum Nitrite was estimated by GRIESS method. Stat...
Global Medical Genetics, 2021
Background Autism is one of the most complex, heterogeneous neurological disorders. It is charact... more Background Autism is one of the most complex, heterogeneous neurological disorders. It is characterized mainly by abnormal communication, impaired social interaction, and restricted behaviors. Prevalence of autism is not clear in Indian population. Aim The present study hypothesized that Y chromosome plays role in sex bias of autism in Indian autistic population. To investigate our hypothesis, we underwent genetic analysis of neuroligin 4Y [NLGN4Y] gene by sequencing 85 male autistic children after screening large population of 1,870 mentally ill children from North Karnataka region of India. Result Detailed sequencing of the single targeted gene revealed nine variants including, one novel missense mutation and eight synonymous variants; this accounts for 88.9% of synonymous variants. A single novel missense mutation is predicted to be nonpathogenic on the functions of neuroligin4Y protein but it slightly affects the local configuration by altering the original structure of a protei...
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021
Objectives Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on... more Objectives Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on kidney functions and land up in lipotoxicity in renal tissue. Lipotoxicity is the pathological situation where lipid Peroxidation occurs and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS than antioxidant present in tissues cause oxidative stress. Terminalia arjuna is found to be potential antioxidant that counteract oxidative stress and possibly maintain glomerular integrity. Methods Ethanolic extract of T. arjuna (ETO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as following; group 1-Control (20% fat); group 2 (ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt). Dietary and ETO supplementation were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric, kidney functions (blood urea and serum creatinine) and oxidative stress markers like MDA, SOD and GSH were evaluated. Histopathological ...
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2020
OBJECTIVE: Patients exposed to chronic sustained hypoxia frequently develop cardiovascular diseas... more OBJECTIVE: Patients exposed to chronic sustained hypoxia frequently develop cardiovascular disease risk factors to ultimately succumb to adverse cardiovascular events. In this context, the present study intends to assess the role of cilnidipine (Cil), a unique calcium channel blocker that blocks both L-type and N-type calcium channels, on cardiovascular pathophysiology in face of chronic sustained hypoxia exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved Wistar strain albino rats. The group-wise allocation of the experimental animals is as follows - Group 1, control (21% O2); Group 2, chronic hypoxia (CH) (10% O2, 90% N); Group 3, Cil + 21% O2; and Group 4, CH (10% O2, 90% N) + Cil (CH + Cil). Cardiovascular hemodynamics, heart rate variability, and endothelial functions (serum nitric oxide [NO], serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3], and serum vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were assessed. Cardiovascular remodeling was studied by histopathological examination of the ventricular tissues, coronary artery (intramyocardial), and elastic and muscular arteries. Normalized wall index of the coronary artery was also calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated altered cardiovascular hemodynamics, disturbed cardiovascular autonomic balance, increased levels of VEGF and NOS3, and decreased bioavailability of NO on exposure to chronic sustained hypoxia. The histopathological examination further pointed toward cardiovascular remodeling. Treatment with Cil ameliorated the cardiovascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction induced by CH exposure, which may be due to its blocking actions on L/N-type of calcium channels, indicating the possible therapeutic role of Cil against CH-induced cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2018
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusio... more OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on brain pathophysiology in rats pretreated with subchronic hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomized into three groups: Group 1 served as sham, Group 2 were normoxic (21% O2 and 79% N2), and Group 3 were hypoxia preconditioned (10% O2 and 90% N2) for 21 days before left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO). The LCCAO was done for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 12 h. Neurological scores were recorded. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels at pre- and 12 h post-LCCAO were measured. Brain histopathological assessments were also done. RESULTS: Higher neurological deficits scores in Group 2 as compared to Group 3 rats were noticed. Serum MDA and NO levels at 12 h post-LCCAO in Group 2 rats showed significant elevation as compared to preocclusion levels. Group 3 rats did not show such elevations. On histopathology of left and right cerebral hemispheres of Group 1 (sham) did not show any specific changes. In Group 2 rats, the right cerebral hemisphere (nonoccluded) showed no areas of ischemia-induced brain changes, but in the left side (occlusive), there were features of ischemic brain damage including cerebral edema. In the case of Group 3 rats, there were less ischemic damages in the left occluded side as compared to the left side of the Group 2 rats. CONCLUSION: This study clearly demonstrates that subchronic hypoxia pretreatment can reduce ischemic brain injury by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lack of insulin producti... more Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lack of insulin production by the beta cells of pancreas. This lack of insulin causes a variety of systemic effects on the body metabolism. Reproductive dysfunction is one among them. The present study investigates the effects of diabetes on the reproductive system of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 36 adult Wistar rats (18 males and 18 females) weighing about 250-300 g were included in the study. The animals were divided into normal (males N = 6; females N = 6) and diabetic groups (N = 24). The diabetic group of equal number of males and females was further subdivided into two groups of 24 (N = 12) and 48 (N = 12) days duration. A single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) was administrated intraperitoneally to the animals of the diabetic group. Interestingly the female rats were resistant to diabetes at 40 mg dosage provided. Therefore the dosage had to be increased to 50 mg/kg bw. On confirmation of diabetes the animals were observed for the planned duration, at the end of which, the animals were sacrificed; testes and ovary were dissected and processed histologically using H&E stain. Results: Progressive degenerative changes were observed in the gonads of diabetic rats. Histological changes like disrupted seminiferous tubules, reduced interstitial tissue was observed in the testis of the male rats. Ovarian injury leading to decreased ovarian reserve was seen in the female rats.
Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2017
Objective: To compare anti-diabetic effect between the different aqueous extracts of green leafy ... more Objective: To compare anti-diabetic effect between the different aqueous extracts of green leafy plants locally available in North Karnataka region of India on alloxan induced diabetic male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The preparation of aqueous extracts, preliminary phytochemical analysis and toxicity screening test of 3 aqueous extracts was done by using standard protocol. To study anti-diabetic activity experimental rats were divided into five groups viz. Group I (Control), Group II (Diabetic, Alloxan monohydrate, 15mg/100g bwt, i.p.), Group III (Diabetic with Trigonella foenum graecum), Group IV (Diabetic with Hibiscus cannabinus Linn) and Group V (Diabetic with Cicer arietinum). All above extracts were supplemented with same dose i.e. 12.5mg/100g bwt, orally. The blood glucose levels were evaluated in all the above experimental groups after acute (OGTT) and sub chronic (2 weeks) supplementation. Results: Our results depicts statistically significant decreased blood glucose level in Group III rats after both acute and sub chronic supplementation whereas in Group IV rats only after sub chronic supplementation when compared with Group II rats. But, Group V rats not showed any significant change in both acute as well as sub chronic exposure when compared with Group II rats. Conclusion: Trigonella foenum graecum and Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. leaves may be used as a dietary supplement in diabetic patients.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2016
Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal... more Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but the efficacy of available strategies for the prevention of Diabetic nephropathy remains poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone against streptozotocine induced renotoxicity. Materials and Methods: 24 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 4 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as Streptozotocin (50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats treated with the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg body weight), one group served as diabetic rats treated with the thymoquinone(4mg/ Kg body weight). Results: Histopathological observations of present study showed that nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone treatment has proved its nephroprotective effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The results of present study concluding that Nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone having renoprotective effect in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Previously, we have suggested a hypothesis that the metabolic net water efflux from the cells is ... more Previously, we have suggested a hypothesis that the metabolic net water efflux from the cells is a key mechanism for metabolic controlling semipermeable properties of the cell membrane, dysfunction of which is a common consequence of cell pathology. The existence of the electrogenic Na/K-pump in the cell membrane, beating high ATP utilizing the machine in cell, which by activation of mitochondrial function stimulate endogen water formation making it as a key mechanism for the generation of metabolic water efflux from the cells and its dysfunction as a primary step of cell pathology. It is known that the intracellular concentration Ca2+([Ca]i) which is a strong inhibitor for Na/K-pump, controlling by intracellular cyclic nucleotides dependent systems that are extra sensitive to weak chemical and physical signals, unable to activate ionic channels in the membrane. In our earlier studies, we have shown that the activation of both cGMP-activated Ca-pump in the cell membrane and Na/Ca exchange in forwarding (F) mode and cAMP-activated Na/Ca exchange in reverse (R) mode by generating water efflux from the cells, having key roles in controlling low permeability membrane for inward Na+ current (INa) controlling semipermeable properties of membrane and gradient these ions on the membrane, i.e they have a protective function of cell preceding to inward water-induced decrease Na gradient on the cell membrane. It was shown that the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) which is sensitive even to water structure changes of cell bathing medium, serves as a sensor for activation cGMP-dependent FNa/Ca exchange while G proteins in the membrane are sensors for activation cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange. The cGMP induced activation of Ca-pump and FNa/Ca exchange by the decrease of [Ca]i–induced activation of Na/K pump activate water efflux from the cell and controlling the Na gradient on the membrane. While the same function doing the cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange because of its electrogenicity and [Ca]i–induced activation of mitochondrial formation water molecules. By our previous study have shown that the activation of cGMP-dependent FNa/Ca exchange has pain relief while the activation of cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange pain generation effects. It was also shown also that 4Hz pulsing magnetic fields, which activation of cGMP- dependent FNa/Ca exchange have relaxation effects on heart muscles and depressed acetylcholine (Ach) sensitivity cell membrane sensitivity, pain relief and antitumor effects. The accumulation of our and literature data on pain and stress relief, antitumor and antivirus effects of 4Hz PMF allow us to hypothesizes that 4Hz–induced activation of cGMP-dependent F Na/Ca exchange can serve as a universal therapeutic tool to increase the resistance of the cells to pathological factors directed to reverse water efflux into water influx in the cells and increases inward Na current which is the primary step of cell pathology. To check this hypothesis, in this present work the 4Hz effect on voluntary patients who have been subjected by different stress on biochemical characteristics of blood we have studied which serve as a marker for pain–the stress of organism.
Korean Journal of Medical Education, Nov 30, 2023
Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Current psychiatry research and review, Mar 2, 2023
Global Medical Genetics
Objective The goal of this research was to investigate the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene mutati... more Objective The goal of this research was to investigate the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene mutations associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss individuals in North Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods For this study, patients with sensorineural genetic hearing abnormalities and a family history of deafness were included. A total of 35 patients from 20 families have been included in the study. The patient's DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. The GJB2 gene coding region was analyzed through Sanger sequencing. Results There is no changes in the first exon of the GJB2 gene. Nine different variants were recorded in second exon of the targeted gene. W24X and W77X are two nonsense mutations and three polymorphisms viz. R127H, V153I, and I33T were reported along with four 3′-UTR variants. A total (9/20) of 45% of families have been identified with mutations in the targeted gene. Conclusion GJB2 mutations were identified in 19 deaf-mute patients (19/35), and 13 patients w...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Background: Altered glucose homeostasis due to hyperlipidemia mainly revolves around pathophysiol... more Background: Altered glucose homeostasis due to hyperlipidemia mainly revolves around pathophysiological effects of abnormal lipid levels and insulin resistance. Reduced HRV an indicator of cardiac autonomic function is connected with greater risk of cardiovascular diseases. Glucose homeostasis markers were related with reduced cardiac autonomic functions in diabetic rats but results reported were discordant with those without diabetes. Aims and objectives: Study aimed to assess relation between glucose homeostasis with HRV among hyperlipidemic rats and to assess protective glucose regulatory actions of Emblica officinalis on hyperlipidemic rats. Material and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) was prepared. Rats were divided into four groups (n=6); group 1- Control (20% fat); group 2 (20% fat+ EEO 100 mg/kg/b w); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg/b w) for 21 days.Gravimetry and electrophysiological analysis (HRV and sympathovagal balance) were done. In vivo, tests on glucose regulatory system were conducted like fasting and postprandial glucose, fasting insulin levels and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. ANOVA and Pearson's correlation was done to analyze the data. Results: Subchronic supplementation of EEO to hyperlipidemic rats showed a significant beneficial effect on altered glucose homeostasis. An electrophysiological evaluation revealed altered sympathovagal balance in hyperlipidemic rats which indicate cardiac autonomic malfunctions and found to be improved in EEO supplemented rats. A significant correlation was observed between HRV and glucose homeostasis. Conclusion: Impairment in glucose homeostasis due to High-fat diet is associated with altered heart rate variability. EEO supplementation found to be protective against high-fat diet-induced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and glucose metabolism.
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2022
SARS-CoV-2 the new strain of SARS corona virus is an RNA virus that inflicts acute respiratory di... more SARS-CoV-2 the new strain of SARS corona virus is an RNA virus that inflicts acute respiratory distress syndrome due to infection of the alveolar epithelial cells, its primary target. No effective drug is currently available to treat this viral infection. Therefore, we focused on identifying inhibitors of the main viral protease domain (Mpro) which plays important role in the virus life cycle. Two tired computer-aided drug discovery approach were adopted for screening of novel inhibitors against Mpro, the target protein. First, based on their ADME/T properties, phytochemicals as well as synthetic drugs six compounds were selected from the available database. In second screening by molecular docking based on binding affinity and molecular interactions of these compounds with Mpro led to the identification of the best phytochemical and synthetic compound against Mpro. The result of docking complex showed that, interacting residues for myricetin are continuous while, in case of fosampr...
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2022
Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synt... more Objective To assess the influence of oxidative stress on the gene expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS 3 and NOS 2) and, hence, the cardiovascular responses in preeclampsia. Methods This was a case control study in which patients with preeclampsia (PE group) and normal pregnancy controls (NP group) were included according to the guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated, and the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. The gene profiling of NOS3 and NOS2 was performed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test, and values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The serum levels of malondialdehyde were increased (p < 0.0001), and the total antioxidant capacity was reduced in the PE group (p = 0.034), indicating oxidative st...
BLOOD RESEARCH, 2021
Background Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from coagulation factor I... more Background Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder resulting from coagulation factor IX defects. Over 3,000 pathogenic, HB-associated mutations in the F9 gene have been identified. We aimed to investigate the role of F9 variants in 150 HB patients using sequencing technology. Methods F9 gene sequences were amplified from peripheral blood-derived DNA and sequenced on an Applied Biosystems (ABI) 3500 Sanger sequencing platform. Functional and structural predictions of mutant FIX were analyzed. Results Among 150 HB patients, 102 (68%), 30 (20%), and 18 (12%) suffered from severe, moderate, and mild HB, respectively. Genetic analysis identified 16 mutations, including 3 novel mutations. Nine mutations (7 missense and 2 stop-gain) were found to be pathogenic. Only 3 mutations (c.127C＞T, c.470G＞A, and c.1070G＞A) were associated with different severities. While 2 mutations were associated with mild HB cases (c.304C＞T and c.580A＞G), 2 (c.195G＞A and c.1385A＞G) and 3 mutations (c.223C＞T, c.1187G＞A, and c.1232G＞A) resulted in moderate and severe disease, respectively. Additionally, 1 mutation each was associated with mild-moderate (c.*1110A＞G) and mild-severe HB disease (c.197A＞T), 4 mutations were associated with moderate-severe HB cases (c.314A＞G, c.198A＞T, c.676C＞T, and c.1094C＞A). FIX concentrations were lower in the mutated group (5.5±2.5% vs. 8.0±2.5%). Novel p.E66D and p.S365 mutations were predicted to be pathogenic based on changes in FIX structure and function. Conclusion Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) largely contributed to the pathogenesis of HB. Our study strongly suggests that population-based genetic screening will be particularly helpful to identify risk prediction and carrier detection tools for Indian HB patients.
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Aim: In human beings, the thyroid gland is one of the earliest endocrine organs to differentiate;... more Aim: In human beings, the thyroid gland is one of the earliest endocrine organs to differentiate; it has an important hormonal role in embryonic development. Objective: 50 stillborn foetus obtained within time to avoid post-mortem changes. The gestational age, sex, weight, crown-rump lengths were studied in detail. The gestational age ranges from 12th week to 36th week. Weight measured in grams, crown-rump length by plastic tape and scale divider. Methods and Material: 50 stillborn, normal fetuses 30 male, 20 female. Gestational age, sex, weight, crown-rump length. Weight measured on the digital weighing machine. Plastic tape, scale and divider to measure crown-rump length. Fetuses were dissected and thyroid gland was removed. On calculation, 1 division of micrometre eyepiece was 4μm. By using this scale diameter of follicles were calculated at 10xs by 40xs. Size of follicles was measured from early to late fetal period, nature of epithelium, appearance, amount of colloid content, c...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manife... more Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests before the age of three. ASD is characterized by a triad of limited or absent verbal communication, a lack of reciprocal social interaction or responsiveness, and restricted, stereotypic patterns of interests and behavior. More than 1 million cases per year are reported in India. It is now believed that ASD is due to complex genetic and environmental interactions. Changes in over 1,000 genes have been reported to be associated with ASD. Many of the associated genes are involved in the development and functions of the brain. The proposed candidate gene for ASD includes the Neuroligin (NLGN). It is a cell adhesion protein on the postsynaptic membrane involved in Synaptogenesis. Objective: To screen the variants in NLGN3 gene associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: 1821 mentally ill children from the North Karnataka region of Karnataka, India were screened as per DSM-V Criter...
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Background: The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the renal function through the v... more Background: The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the renal function through the vasoactive system and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. Even though interest in the renal protective effects of sympathetic blocker has been increased, there are not much data to clarify this efficiency in nitric oxide deficient hypertensive rats. Aim and Objectives: To find out the effect of cilnidipine, L/N-type calcium channel blocker on oxidative stress of kidney in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibited experimental hypertensive rats. Material and Methods: Male Albino Wistar rats (n-24) were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1, control received vehicle; group 2, received Cilnidipine; group 3, received NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME); group 4, received L-NAME &Cilnidipine; All drugs are given orally for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention and twice during intervention for all the rats. On the 29th day, blood wa...
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posing a major ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posing a major health challenge. It is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality which accounts for 20 -50 % of all deaths. Evidence suggests that Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in regulating blood pressure and that impaired NO bioactivity is an important component of hypertension. Hence this study is taken up to estimate nitrite levels in Primary Hypertension patients compared with healthy individuals. METHODOLOGY: The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur and District Hospital, Bijapur. Thirty five (35) Primary Hypertension Patients (17 male, 18 female) between 35 to 65 yrs age and thirty nine (39) healthy individuals, controls (20 male, 19 female) between 38 yrs to 65 yrs age visiting Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital, Bijapur and District Hospital Bijapur were selected. Serum Nitrite was estimated by GRIESS method. Stat...
Global Medical Genetics, 2021
Background Autism is one of the most complex, heterogeneous neurological disorders. It is charact... more Background Autism is one of the most complex, heterogeneous neurological disorders. It is characterized mainly by abnormal communication, impaired social interaction, and restricted behaviors. Prevalence of autism is not clear in Indian population. Aim The present study hypothesized that Y chromosome plays role in sex bias of autism in Indian autistic population. To investigate our hypothesis, we underwent genetic analysis of neuroligin 4Y [NLGN4Y] gene by sequencing 85 male autistic children after screening large population of 1,870 mentally ill children from North Karnataka region of India. Result Detailed sequencing of the single targeted gene revealed nine variants including, one novel missense mutation and eight synonymous variants; this accounts for 88.9% of synonymous variants. A single novel missense mutation is predicted to be nonpathogenic on the functions of neuroligin4Y protein but it slightly affects the local configuration by altering the original structure of a protei...
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021
Objectives Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on... more Objectives Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress; also it makes deleterious effect on kidney functions and land up in lipotoxicity in renal tissue. Lipotoxicity is the pathological situation where lipid Peroxidation occurs and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS than antioxidant present in tissues cause oxidative stress. Terminalia arjuna is found to be potential antioxidant that counteract oxidative stress and possibly maintain glomerular integrity. Methods Ethanolic extract of T. arjuna (ETO) was prepared and phytochemical analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as following; group 1-Control (20% fat); group 2 (ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt); group 3 (30% fat) and group 4 (30% fat + ETO 100 mg/kg/b.wt). Dietary and ETO supplementation were continued for 21 days. Gravimetric, kidney functions (blood urea and serum creatinine) and oxidative stress markers like MDA, SOD and GSH were evaluated. Histopathological ...
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2020
OBJECTIVE: Patients exposed to chronic sustained hypoxia frequently develop cardiovascular diseas... more OBJECTIVE: Patients exposed to chronic sustained hypoxia frequently develop cardiovascular disease risk factors to ultimately succumb to adverse cardiovascular events. In this context, the present study intends to assess the role of cilnidipine (Cil), a unique calcium channel blocker that blocks both L-type and N-type calcium channels, on cardiovascular pathophysiology in face of chronic sustained hypoxia exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved Wistar strain albino rats. The group-wise allocation of the experimental animals is as follows - Group 1, control (21% O2); Group 2, chronic hypoxia (CH) (10% O2, 90% N); Group 3, Cil + 21% O2; and Group 4, CH (10% O2, 90% N) + Cil (CH + Cil). Cardiovascular hemodynamics, heart rate variability, and endothelial functions (serum nitric oxide [NO], serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase [NOS3], and serum vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were assessed. Cardiovascular remodeling was studied by histopathological examination of the ventricular tissues, coronary artery (intramyocardial), and elastic and muscular arteries. Normalized wall index of the coronary artery was also calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated altered cardiovascular hemodynamics, disturbed cardiovascular autonomic balance, increased levels of VEGF and NOS3, and decreased bioavailability of NO on exposure to chronic sustained hypoxia. The histopathological examination further pointed toward cardiovascular remodeling. Treatment with Cil ameliorated the cardiovascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction induced by CH exposure, which may be due to its blocking actions on L/N-type of calcium channels, indicating the possible therapeutic role of Cil against CH-induced cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2018
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusio... more OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on brain pathophysiology in rats pretreated with subchronic hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomized into three groups: Group 1 served as sham, Group 2 were normoxic (21% O2 and 79% N2), and Group 3 were hypoxia preconditioned (10% O2 and 90% N2) for 21 days before left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO). The LCCAO was done for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 12 h. Neurological scores were recorded. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels at pre- and 12 h post-LCCAO were measured. Brain histopathological assessments were also done. RESULTS: Higher neurological deficits scores in Group 2 as compared to Group 3 rats were noticed. Serum MDA and NO levels at 12 h post-LCCAO in Group 2 rats showed significant elevation as compared to preocclusion levels. Group 3 rats did not show such elevations. On histopathology of left and right cerebral hemispheres of Group 1 (sham) did not show any specific changes. In Group 2 rats, the right cerebral hemisphere (nonoccluded) showed no areas of ischemia-induced brain changes, but in the left side (occlusive), there were features of ischemic brain damage including cerebral edema. In the case of Group 3 rats, there were less ischemic damages in the left occluded side as compared to the left side of the Group 2 rats. CONCLUSION: This study clearly demonstrates that subchronic hypoxia pretreatment can reduce ischemic brain injury by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lack of insulin producti... more Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lack of insulin production by the beta cells of pancreas. This lack of insulin causes a variety of systemic effects on the body metabolism. Reproductive dysfunction is one among them. The present study investigates the effects of diabetes on the reproductive system of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 36 adult Wistar rats (18 males and 18 females) weighing about 250-300 g were included in the study. The animals were divided into normal (males N = 6; females N = 6) and diabetic groups (N = 24). The diabetic group of equal number of males and females was further subdivided into two groups of 24 (N = 12) and 48 (N = 12) days duration. A single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) was administrated intraperitoneally to the animals of the diabetic group. Interestingly the female rats were resistant to diabetes at 40 mg dosage provided. Therefore the dosage had to be increased to 50 mg/kg bw. On confirmation of diabetes the animals were observed for the planned duration, at the end of which, the animals were sacrificed; testes and ovary were dissected and processed histologically using H&E stain. Results: Progressive degenerative changes were observed in the gonads of diabetic rats. Histological changes like disrupted seminiferous tubules, reduced interstitial tissue was observed in the testis of the male rats. Ovarian injury leading to decreased ovarian reserve was seen in the female rats.
Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2017
Objective: To compare anti-diabetic effect between the different aqueous extracts of green leafy ... more Objective: To compare anti-diabetic effect between the different aqueous extracts of green leafy plants locally available in North Karnataka region of India on alloxan induced diabetic male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The preparation of aqueous extracts, preliminary phytochemical analysis and toxicity screening test of 3 aqueous extracts was done by using standard protocol. To study anti-diabetic activity experimental rats were divided into five groups viz. Group I (Control), Group II (Diabetic, Alloxan monohydrate, 15mg/100g bwt, i.p.), Group III (Diabetic with Trigonella foenum graecum), Group IV (Diabetic with Hibiscus cannabinus Linn) and Group V (Diabetic with Cicer arietinum). All above extracts were supplemented with same dose i.e. 12.5mg/100g bwt, orally. The blood glucose levels were evaluated in all the above experimental groups after acute (OGTT) and sub chronic (2 weeks) supplementation. Results: Our results depicts statistically significant decreased blood glucose level in Group III rats after both acute and sub chronic supplementation whereas in Group IV rats only after sub chronic supplementation when compared with Group II rats. But, Group V rats not showed any significant change in both acute as well as sub chronic exposure when compared with Group II rats. Conclusion: Trigonella foenum graecum and Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. leaves may be used as a dietary supplement in diabetic patients.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2016
Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal... more Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been recognized as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but the efficacy of available strategies for the prevention of Diabetic nephropathy remains poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of Nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone against streptozotocine induced renotoxicity. Materials and Methods: 24 rats were selected for this study and divided in to 4 groups each contains 6 rats, one group served as normal control, one group served as Streptozotocin (50mg/kg BW) induced diabetic control rats, one group served as diabetic rats treated with the nigella sativa seed powder(300mg/Kg body weight), one group served as diabetic rats treated with the thymoquinone(4mg/ Kg body weight). Results: Histopathological observations of present study showed that nigella sativa seed and thymoquinone treatment has proved its nephroprotective effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The results of present study concluding that Nigella sativa seed powder and thymoquinone having renoprotective effect in streptozotocine induced diabetic rats.
BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Previously, we have suggested a hypothesis that the metabolic net water efflux from the cells is ... more Previously, we have suggested a hypothesis that the metabolic net water efflux from the cells is a key mechanism for metabolic controlling semipermeable properties of the cell membrane, dysfunction of which is a common consequence of cell pathology. The existence of the electrogenic Na/K-pump in the cell membrane, beating high ATP utilizing the machine in cell, which by activation of mitochondrial function stimulate endogen water formation making it as a key mechanism for the generation of metabolic water efflux from the cells and its dysfunction as a primary step of cell pathology. It is known that the intracellular concentration Ca2+([Ca]i) which is a strong inhibitor for Na/K-pump, controlling by intracellular cyclic nucleotides dependent systems that are extra sensitive to weak chemical and physical signals, unable to activate ionic channels in the membrane. In our earlier studies, we have shown that the activation of both cGMP-activated Ca-pump in the cell membrane and Na/Ca exchange in forwarding (F) mode and cAMP-activated Na/Ca exchange in reverse (R) mode by generating water efflux from the cells, having key roles in controlling low permeability membrane for inward Na+ current (INa) controlling semipermeable properties of membrane and gradient these ions on the membrane, i.e they have a protective function of cell preceding to inward water-induced decrease Na gradient on the cell membrane. It was shown that the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) which is sensitive even to water structure changes of cell bathing medium, serves as a sensor for activation cGMP-dependent FNa/Ca exchange while G proteins in the membrane are sensors for activation cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange. The cGMP induced activation of Ca-pump and FNa/Ca exchange by the decrease of [Ca]i–induced activation of Na/K pump activate water efflux from the cell and controlling the Na gradient on the membrane. While the same function doing the cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange because of its electrogenicity and [Ca]i–induced activation of mitochondrial formation water molecules. By our previous study have shown that the activation of cGMP-dependent FNa/Ca exchange has pain relief while the activation of cAMP-dependent RNa/Ca exchange pain generation effects. It was also shown also that 4Hz pulsing magnetic fields, which activation of cGMP- dependent FNa/Ca exchange have relaxation effects on heart muscles and depressed acetylcholine (Ach) sensitivity cell membrane sensitivity, pain relief and antitumor effects. The accumulation of our and literature data on pain and stress relief, antitumor and antivirus effects of 4Hz PMF allow us to hypothesizes that 4Hz–induced activation of cGMP-dependent F Na/Ca exchange can serve as a universal therapeutic tool to increase the resistance of the cells to pathological factors directed to reverse water efflux into water influx in the cells and increases inward Na current which is the primary step of cell pathology. To check this hypothesis, in this present work the 4Hz effect on voluntary patients who have been subjected by different stress on biochemical characteristics of blood we have studied which serve as a marker for pain–the stress of organism.