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Python 3.14.0 beta 1 is here!

Only one day late, welcome to the first beta!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b1/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.14

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b1, is the first of four planned beta releases.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.14during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature-complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2025-07-22). Our goal is to haveno ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.14 as possible during the beta phase.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is**not** recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Some of the major new features and changes in Python 3.14 are:

New features

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.14, see What’s new in Python 3.14. The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0b2, scheduled for 2025-05-27.

Build changes

Incompatible changes, removals and new deprecations

Python install manager

The installer we offer for Windows is being replaced by our new install manager, which can be installed from the Windows Store or our FTP page. See our documentation for more information. The JSON file available for download below contains the list of all the installable packages available as part of this release, including file URLs and hashes, but is not required to install the latest release. The traditional installer will remain available throughout the 3.14 and 3.15 releases.

More resources

Note

During the release process, we discovered a test that only failed when run sequentially and only when run after a certain number of other tests. This appears to be a problem with the test itself, and we will make it more robust for beta 2. For details, see python/cpython#133532.

And now for something completely different

The mathematical constant pi is represented by the Greek letter_π_ and represents the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. The first person to use π as a symbol for this ratio was Welsh self-taught mathematician William Jones in 1706. He was a farmer’s son born in Llanfihangel Tre’r Beirdd on Angelsy (Ynys Môn) in 1675 and only received a basic education at a local charity school. However, the owner of his parents’ farm noticed his mathematical ability and arranged for him to move to London to work in a bank.

By age 20, he served at sea in the Royal Navy, teaching sailors mathematics and helping with the ship’s navigation. On return to London seven years later, he became a maths teacher in coffee houses and a private tutor. In 1706, Jones published Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos which used the symbol π for the ratio of a circle’s circumference to diameter (hunt for it on pages 243and 263or here). Jones was also the first person to realise π is an irrational number, meaning it can be written as decimal number that goes on forever, but cannot be written as a fraction of two integers.

But why π? It’s thought Jones used the Greek letter_π_ because it’s the first letter in perimetron or perimeter. Jones was the first to use π as our familiar ratio but wasn’t the first to use it in as part of the ratio. William Oughtred, in his 1631 Clavis Mathematicae (The Key of Mathematics), used π/δ to represent what we now call pi. His π was the circumference, not the ratio of circumference to diameter. James Gregory, in his 1668 Geometriae Pars Universalis (The Universal Part of Geometry) used_π/ρ_ instead, where ρ is the radius, making the ratio 6.28… or τ. After Jones, Leonhard Euler had used π for 6.28…, and also p for 3.14…, before settling on and popularising π for the famous ratio.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as the leaves begin to appear on the trees,

Your release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0a7, 3.13.3, 3.12.10, 3.11.12, 3.10.17 and 3.9.22 are now available

Not one, not two, not three, not four, not five, but six releases! Is this the most in a single day?

3.12-3.14 were regularly scheduled, and we had some security fixes to release in 3.9-3.11 so let’s make a big day of it. This also marks the last bugfix release of 3.12 as it enters the security-only phase. See devguide.python.org/versions/for a chart.

Python 3.14.0a7

Here comes the final alpha! This means we have just four weeks until the first beta to get those last features into 3.14 before the feature freeze on 2025-05-06!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a7/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a7, is the last of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use isnot recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the first beta, 3.14.0b1, currently scheduled for 2025-05-06. After this, no new features can be added but bug fixes and docs improvements are allowed – and encouraged!

Python 3.13.3

This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.13.

Python 3.13 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. 3.13.3 is the latest maintenance release, containing almost 320 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.13.2.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3133/

Python 3.12.10

This is the tenth maintenance release of Python 3.12.

Python 3.12.10 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, and the last full maintenance release. Subsequent releases of 3.12 will be security-fixes only. This last maintenance release contains about 230 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.9.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31210/

Python 3.11.12

This is a security release of Python 3.11:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31112/

Python 3.10.17

This is a security release of Python 3.10:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31017/

Python 3.9.22

This is a security release of Python 3.9:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3922/

Please upgrade! Please test!

We highly recommend upgrading 3.9-3.13 and we encourage you to test 3.14.

And now for something completely different

On Saturday, 5th April, 3.141592653589793 months of the year had elapsed.

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a sunny and cold Helsinki springtime,

Your full release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Thomas Wouters
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.14.0 alpha 6 is out

Here comes the penultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a6/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a6, is the sixth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use isnot recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the final alpha, 3.14.0a7, currently scheduled for 2025-04-08.

More resources

And now for something completely different

March 14 is celebrated as pi day, because 3.14 is an approximation of π. The day is observed by eating pies (savoury and/or sweet) and celebrating π. The first pi day was organised by physicist and tinkerer Larry Shaw of the San Francisco Exploratoriumin 1988. It is also the International Day of Mathematics and Albert Einstein’s birthday. Let’s all eat some pie, recite some π, install and test some py, and wish a happy birthday to Albert, Loren and all the other pi day children!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as fresh snow falls,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 5 is out

Here comes the antepenultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a5/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a5, is the fifth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use isnot recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the penultimate alpha, 3.14.0a6, currently scheduled for 2025-03-14.

More resources

And now for something completely different

2025-01-29 marked the start of a new lunar year, the Year of the Snake 🐍 (and the Year of Python?).

For centuries, π was often approximated as 3 in China. Some time between the years 1 and 5 CE, astronomer, librarian, mathematician and politician Liu Xin (劉歆) calculated π as 3.154.

Around 130 CE, mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Zhang Heng (張衡, 78–139) compared the celestial circle with the diameter of the earth as 736:232 to get 3.1724. He also came up with a formula for the ratio between a cube and inscribed sphere as 8:5, implying the ratio of a square’s area to an inscribed circle is √8:√5. From this, he calculated π as √10 (~3.162).

Third century mathematician Liu Hui (刘徽) came up with an algorithm for calculating π iteratively: calculate the area of a polygon inscribed in a circle, then as the number of sides of the polygon is increased, the area becomes closer to that of the circle, from which you can approximate π.

This algorithm is similar to the method used by Archimedes in the 3rd century BCE and Ludolph van Ceulen in the 16th century CE (see 3.14.0a2 release notes), but Archimedes only went up to a 96-sided polygon (96-gon). Liu Hui went up to a 192-gon to approximate π as 157/50 (3.14) and later a 3072-gon for 3.14159.

Liu Hu wrote a commentary on the book The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art which included his π approximations.

In the fifth century, astronomer, inventor, mathematician, politician, and writer Zu Chongzhi (祖沖之, 429–500) used Liu Hui’s algorithm to inscribe a 12,288-gon to compute π between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, correct to seven decimal places. This was more accurate than Hellenistic calculations and wouldn’t be improved upon for 900 years.

Happy Year of the Snake!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a remarkably snowless Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.13.2 and 3.12.9 now available!

A small release day today! That is to say the releases are relatively small; the day itself was of average size, as most days are.

Python 3.13.2

Python 3.13’s second maintenance release. About 250 changes went into this update, and can be yours for free if you just upgrade now.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3132/

Python 3.12.9

Python 3.12’s ninth maintenance release already. Just 180 changes for 3.12, but it’s still worth upgrading.

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from your tireless, tireless release team,
Thomas Wouters
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 4 is out

Hello, three dot fourteen dot zero alpha four!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a4/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a4, is the fourth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use isnot recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a5, currently scheduled for 2025-02-11.

More resources

And now for something completely different

In Python, you can use Greek letters as constants. For example:

from math import pi as π

def circumference(radius: float) -> float:
    return 2 * π * radius

print(circumference(6378.137))  # 40075.016685578485

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a slushy, slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 3 is out

O Alpha 3, O Alpha 3, how lovely are your branches!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a3/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a3, is the third of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use isnot recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a4, currently scheduled for 2025-01-14.

More resources

And now for something completely different

A mince pie is a small, round covered tart filled with “mincemeat”, usually eaten during the Christmas season – the UK consumes some 800 million each Christmas. Mincemeat is a mixture of things like apple, dried fruits, candied peel and spices, and originally would have contained meat chopped small, but rarely nowadays. They are often served warm with brandy butter.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest mention of Christmas mince pies is by Thomas Dekker, writing in the aftermath of the 1603 London plague, in Newes from Graues-end: Sent to Nobody (1604):

Ten thousand in London swore to feast their neighbors with nothing but plum-porredge, and mince-pyes all Christmas.

Here’s a meaty recipe from Rare and Excellent Receipts, Experienc’d and Taught by Mrs Mary Tillinghast and now Printed for the Use of her Scholars Only (1678):

  1. How to make Mince-pies.

To every pound of Meat, take two pound of beef Suet, a pound of Corrants, and a quarter of an Ounce of Cinnamon, one Nutmeg, a little beaten Mace, some beaten Colves, a little Sack & Rose-water, two large Pippins, some Orange and Lemon peel cut very thin, and shred very small, a few beaten Carraway-seeds, if you love them the Juyce of half a Lemon squez’d into this quantity of meat; for Sugar, sweeten it to your relish; then mix all these together and fill your Pie. The best meat for Pies is Neats-Tongues, or a leg of Veal; you may make them of a leg of Mutton if you please; the meat must be parboyl’d if you do not spend it presently; but if it be for present use, you may do it raw, and the Pies will be the better.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a snowy and slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa