Allen Kurniawan | Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia (original) (raw)

Journal Papers by Allen Kurniawan

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2018

Biokinetic models of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) type-acid fermentation with a short hydrauli... more Biokinetic models of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) type-acid fermentation with a short hydraulic retention
time (HRT) of four days were proposed for obtaining high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
as the external carbon source by inhibiting methanogenesis based on the dynamic microbial growth rate.
The model equations reflect the biochemical processes of complex organic matter of primary sludge and
consider the hydrolysis products as the limiting substrates for cell growth and product formation
according to several biokinetic models. The substrate concentration, biomass concentration, hydraulic retention
time, and pH were considered to describe the biokinetic models. We considered the effect of pH
on the hydrolysis biokinetics of organic matter as an inhibitor factor. A more accurate model simulation
was possible using the nonlinear least-squares method to minimize assumptions. By using various growth
biokinetic equations, the biokinetic parameters of the maximum specific growth rate, microorganism decay
rate, half-saturation constant, substrate hydrolysis rate coefficient, biomass yield coefficient, and hydrolyzed
substrate transport rate coefficient have been completely estimated. A statistical method was proposed to
calibrate the model directly from the experiment data obtained even at an unsteady state. Among the various
biokinetic models, Ming's model provided the best fit with the measured data. In addition, the effect of
the biokinetic parameters was also discussed to allow us to calculate the trends of the process variables as
a function of the design variables.

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, Apr 2018

Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are derived from natural processes and the anthropogenic w... more Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are derived from natural processes and the anthropogenic wastes in the environment. PAHs are pollutants found in the air, soil, and sediments which are developed due to incomplete combustion of the organic materials. This review provides a more detail literature study regarding the microbial growth, the metabolic process, and PAHs microbial biodegradation processes overview. The process of PAHs and the hydrophobic substrate degradation is applied to limit the amount of dissolved aqueous phase through sorption, crystalline, and non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) so that the dissolved PAHs are no longer available. microbial growth on PAHs as the sole carbon source can be divided into three phases which are the exponential phase, the advance phase with pseudo-linear growth, and pseudo-stationery phase in a non-ideal condition based on the characteristic of the unlimited bacterial access and the homogenous substrate transport. In the heterogeneous medium, such as soil, PAHs are absorbed into the organic particles of small sized pores so that the PAHs become inaccessible for the soil bacteria. In large scale pollution, the PAHs are in the form of tar droplets which limit the access for soil bacteria to degrade the PAHs. Other than bacteria, the specific organisms and microorganisms to degrade PAHs are found in fungi, cyanobacteria, and algae.

In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), combined with a post denitrification process, ... more In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), combined with a post denitrification process, was applied to treat primary sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and wastewater with a high concentration of nitrate. The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was maximized with a short hydraulic retention time in the acid fermentation of the ABR process, and then the produced VFAs were supplied as an external carbon source for the post denitrification process. The laboratory scale experiment was operated for 160 days to evaluate the VFAs' production rate, sludge reduction in the ABR type-acid fermentation process, and the specific denitrification rate of the post denitrification process. As results, the overall removal rate of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total nitrogen (TN) were found to be 97%, 92%, 73%, respectively, when considering the influent into ABR type-acid fermentation and effluent from post denitrification. We observed the specific VFAs production rate of 0.074 gVFAs/gVSS/day for the ABR type-acid fermentation, and an average specific denitrification rate of 0.166 gNO 3 ´-N/gVSS/day for the post denitrification. Consequently, we observed that a high production of VFAs from a primary sludge, using application of the ABR type acid fermentation process and the produced VFAs were then successfully utilized as an external carbon source for the post denitrification process, with a high removal rate of nitrogen.

There is a lack of quantitative approach to estimate the amount of natural and anthropogenic dust... more There is a lack of quantitative approach to estimate the amount of natural and anthropogenic dustfall generation during an environmental impact assessment in Indonesia. Dustfall is an obligatory parameter of Indonesian ambient air quality standard. The final objective of the research was to formulate a simple mathematical expression used to estimate the ambient dustfall generation as affected by wind speed, soil moisture content and land cover, during an environmental impact assessment. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory scale tunnel with a land model consisted of soil layer originated from Java Island, Indonesia, i.e. Complex Mediteran Red Yellow Grumusol (RYG) and Regosol (REG). Three speed levels of artificial blowing wind were applied in the tunnel to assess the impact of wind speed on the dustfall generation. Soil moisture content was kept in the range of 35-40%. Paddy plant (15 cm high) was used to serve as land cover to simulate the impact of cover crop on the generated dustfall. Analysis on the resulted dustfall was carried out according to national standard (SNI 13-4703-1998). The revealed experiment result showed that the average generated dustfall over RYG soil type was 14 ton/km 2 .month, whereas for Regosol was 4 ton/km 2 .month. Mathematical expression of the dustfall generation was successfully formulated. It indicated that dustfall generation was strongly affected by wind speed, soil moisture content and land cover. The mathematical expression can be used to estimate the amount of dustfall generation by simply inputting the three affecting parameters (soil moisture content, wind speed and land cover).

Dustfall is one of ambient air quality parameters according to PP 41/1999 about Air Pollution Con... more Dustfall is one of ambient air quality parameters according to PP 41/1999 about Air Pollution Control. Dustfall
pollution in open field can be controlled effectively and efficiently if the influence of wind speed, soil moisture and land
cover to dustfall generation are known. This research aims to obtain correlation between wind speed, soil moisture, and
land cover factors on dustfall generation, to describe the influence of these factors on dustfall generation, and to analyze
the physical properties of dustfall (dustfall particle’s shape and size frequency distribution). The study was conducted with
regosol soil samples from three different locations, i.e. Gunung Sindur Sub-District, Pelabuhan Ratu beach and
Parangkusumo Sand Dunes. The instruments and materials used in the research were dustfall canister (AS 2011-1), filter
paper (Whatman #41), wind blower, digital anemometer, digital moisture tester and universal oven. The measurement of
dustfall generation was conducted in a laboratory scale using regosol soil from three locations as land cover. Analysis
were also conducted on soil texture and physical characteristics of dustfall, i.e. shape and size frequency distribution.
Based on the research results, wind speed known to be positively correlated with dustfall generation, while the soil
moisture and land cover was negatively correlated with dustfall generation. The relationship between wind speed, soil
moisture content, and the percent of land cover with dustfall concentration can be described with multiple polynomial
equation. The size frequency distribution of dustfall particles from regosol soil in each sampling locations were dominated
by particulate size of 10 - 100 μm.

Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, Mar 2015

Sewerage system is an important part of the urban infrastructure. The research objectives were to... more Sewerage system is an important part of the urban infrastructure. The research objectives were to design a system configuration domestic wastewater sewerage and modify drainage systems in Bogor City for flushing discharge. The research used secondary data from relevant institutions, literature, and the results of previous researches. Estimated of the population of each village in 2035 used geometric method. Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) would be constructed in two locations in Bantarjati and Mekarwangi Village. Planning of services area included 254 blocks and the number of manholes were 334. Clean water which produced peak hours flowrate (Qph) was 5.75 L/sec. Water flowrate produced an estimated of 80% wastewater flowrate. Q peak at the inlet of the WWTP 1 was 0.59 m3/sec with diameter of 900 mm, while Q peak at the inlet of the WWTP 2 was 1.42 m3/sec with diameter of 1000 mm. The stream of wastewater carried out by gravity with the maximum digging depth of 6 m. The system of micro-scale drainage was designed to supply flushing flowrate. Rainfall intensity calculation is done using the Sherman Method with period of 20 years rain repetition. Flushing points were 53 with flowrate average of 0.03 m3/sec. Drainage flowrate average was 0.25 m3/sec. Micro-scale drainage was designed rectangular. Result of the width and height average dimension were 0.43 m and 0.42 m, respectively.

Cement industry needs lots of energy, which fulfilled by fossil fuel. Therefore, finding alternat... more Cement industry needs lots of energy, which fulfilled by fossil fuel. Therefore, finding alternative energy should be encouraged. On the other side, there is a need to manage the waste as the result of industrial activities. One of the alternatives is co-processing, which is a process to recover the energy and waste for industrial production process. One of the waste that has been used is oil sludge. The purposes of this research were to compare the concentration of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2) when they use coal only and coal which added by oil sludge, to compare the concentrations with the standard limit, also to characterize the oil sludge. Samples were taken at one of the cement industries that have used alternative fuel according to international standard EN 13284-1 and ISO 7934. The average concentration of TSP and SO2 which only used coal were 31.48 and 19.67 mg/Nm3 respectively, while the TSP and SO2 concentration that used coal and oil sludge were 19.6 and 12.21 mg/Nm3, respectively. The concentration of TSP and SO2 were below the standard limit. The major content of oil sludge are organic compounds, especially hydrocarbon. In the oil sludge, ash content ranged between 1.88-18.51% and sulfur content ranged between 2.06-2.26% of the total weight, so the TSP and SO2 emissions may be produced in low concentration.

The mining sector of oil and gas are likely to generate waste which is perceived as a source of e... more The mining sector of oil and gas are likely to generate waste which is perceived as a source of environmental pollution. According to “Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 128/2003” (Environmental Ministry Decree), the process of bioremediation is an alternative technology to minimize and recover land which polluted by microorganism activities until the final requirements of petroleum waste concentration is less than 1%. Indigenous microorganisms elected on small substrate concentrations are expected to get the smallest saturation value of the substrate so the highest affinity level can be obtained. The purpose of the research sought and identified petrofilic microorganisms isolated by bioremediation process resulted of 1% Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons concentration, determined the value of biodegradation kinetic parameters, and applied the microorganisms selected on bioremediation process of landfarming. The isolation and identification of indigenous bacteria process produced Pseudomonas putida AK.A and Pseudomonas diminuta AK.B. Determination of biodegradation kinetics was performed on each isolate and mixed culture. The value of specific growth rate (μ), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), the concentration of half saturation (KS), the synthesis of cell production coefficient (Y), specific substrate utilization rate (q), maximum specific substrate utilization rate (qmax), and endogenous decay coefficient (kd) for P. putida AK.A are 0.0679-0.0788/hour; 0.078/hour; 0.0152%; 0.1011; 0.6716-0.7794/hour; 0.76/hour; 0.0085/hour; P. diminuta AK.B are 0.0754-0.0874/hour; 0.0873/hour; 0.0182%; 0.1246; 0.7458-0.8645/hour; 0.701/hour; 0.0058/hour; meanwhile for mix culture are 0.0825-0.0948/hour; 0.0945/hour; 0.016%; 0.2257; 0.8160-0.9377/hour; 0.419/hour; 0.0035/hour. The mixed culture bacteria was used on landfarming reactor. Based on the results, isolates of Pseudomonas bacteria in mixed cultures can reduce TPH concentrations below 1% at landfarming reactor.

Two important factors contributing air quality deterioration, i.e. dustfall and suspended partic... more Two important factors contributing air quality deterioration, i.e. dustfall and suspended particulate, are obligatory parameters necessary to describe air quality. The research objectives were to measure the generated dustfall and suspended particulate in ambient air over a model area constructed of Oxisol as well as Ultisol soil and to determine the emission factors of dustfall and suspended particulate generation as affected by wind speed and soil moisture content over an area covered by both soil classes. The measurement of dustfall and suspended particulate was conducted in a laboratory scale tunnel where the land surface was covered by Oxisol and subsequently changed by Ultisol soil. The instruments used during the experiments were dustfall canister, blower, anemometer, moisture tester, tunnel, analytical balance, Petri dish, filter paper 10μ and universal oven. Result of the measurements showed that the average generated dustfall from Oxisol and Ultisol soil surface were 9 and 15 ton/km2·month, respectively. The generated suspended particulate from Oxisol covered area was 150 µg/Nm3 and for Ultisol area was 102 µg/Nm3. The developed emission factor equations as affected by wind speed and soil moisture content are at this point ready for field implementation to predict the dustfall and suspended particulate generation over land covered by both soil types.

Cangkurawok Village is located in the outer of the Bogor Agricultural University area and does no... more Cangkurawok Village is located in the outer of the Bogor Agricultural University area and does not have good sanitation facilities. Disposal of domestic wastewater directly discharges into drainage channels to river. Wastewater treatment plant design from toilets communal divides into three stages. The first stage is determining the location of toilets communal and excreta treatment plant. Location provided by the public is around 5 meters above the surface of the river water. The second stage is the determination of service areas. In this village consists of 70 heads of households as the basic criteria for determining the volume of septic tanks. The last step is determining the design of toilets communal and wastewater treatment unit. This stage requires t he unit options that fits on the selected sites, based on ease of maintenance and no need employ trained operators. Waste treatment facility consists septic tank and infiltration well planning. Septic tank volume is 26.5 m3 with the long dimension of 2.75 m, width of 5.5 m and height of 1.5 m plus 0.3 meters for free board. Septic tank serving four toilets communal is built above it, with the division of space for two men and two spaces for women. infi lt rat ion well constructed to absorb the waste liquid vertically through the soil pores. Layers of sand and gravel is spread throughout the wells to assist the flow pattern. Depth and diameter of infiltration well are 3 m and 1 rn, This wells should be placed lower than the drinking water sources and wells, with a minimum distance of 15 m.

Conference Papers by Allen Kurniawan

Proceeding of National Conference on Conservation for Better Life, 75-92, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Bak pengendap atau bak sedimentasi berperan dalam memisahkan partikel tersuspensi (TSS) dari air ... more Bak pengendap atau bak sedimentasi berperan dalam memisahkan partikel tersuspensi (TSS) dari air limbah melalui pengendapan secara gravitasi. Ketika air limbah mengandung suspended solid masuk ke bak sedimentasi, padatan-padatan dengan berat jenis yang lebih besar dari air akan mengendap dan yang memiliki berat jenis lebih kecil dari air akan mengapung ke permukaan air. Tujuan penelitian ini merancang secara detil unit sedimentasi berdasarkan pengujian karakteristik air limbah maupun kriteria rancangan. Rancangan unit sedimentasi berbentuk rectangular (persegi). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, lebar bak sebesar 1,16 meter; panjang bak sebesar 3,49 meter; kedalaman air rata-rata sebesar 0,8 meter; freeboard sebesar 0,5 meter; laju limpasan pada debit rata-rata sebesar 21,312 m3/m2.hari; waktu detensi pada debit rata-rata sebesar 0,90 jam; dimensi saluran influen untuk panjang sama dengan lebar sebesar 0,10 m; panjang weir sebesar 2,16 m; jumlah V-notch sebanyak 47 buah; lebar launder sebesar 0,1 m; lebar efluen box sebesar 0,2 m; diameter pipa outlet sebesar 0,1m; dan jumlah padatan per unit per hari sebesar 106,6 kg/hari.

Proceeding of National Conference on Concervation for Better Life, 69-74, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Unit sedimentasi berfungsi untuk mengurangi 50-65% konsentrasi Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan se... more Unit sedimentasi berfungsi untuk mengurangi 50-65% konsentrasi Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan sebagian padatan organik dalam air buangan, serta menurunkan 25-40% konsentrasi Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) melalui proses fisik tanpa pembubuhan zat kimia. Rancangan unit sedimentasi membutuhkan kapasitas unit yang cukup untuk menyisihkan kedua parameter tersebut. Salah satu pendekatan praktis untuk mengetahui kapasitas unit sedimentasi melalui analisis berdasarkan tipe hindered zone settling. Analisis ini berdasarkan perubahan ketinggian partikel tersuspensi pada reaktor per satuan waktu. Pengembangan analisis ini ditujukan untuk penentuan salah satu parameter rancangan unit sedimentasi, yaitu solid loading rate dan overflow rate. Berdasarkan kurva hindered zone interface settling, luas zona lumpur (thickener) mencapai 8,1 m2; laju pengendapan sebesar 0,001 m3/detik; luas zona pengendapan sebesar 7,4 m2; nilai solid loading mencapai 14,88 kg/m2.detik; dan nilai overflow mencapai 21,31 m3/m2.hari.

Proceeding of National Conference on Concervation for Better Life, 179-184, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Pada perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), unit sedimentasi merupakan salah satu un... more Pada perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), unit sedimentasi merupakan salah satu unit utama untuk mereduksi polutan air limbah, seperti Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Pengembangan dan modifikasi unit sedimentasi perlu ditindaklanjuti terhadap perubahan konsentrasi dari unit terdahulu, misalnya koagulasi-flokulasi. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menentukan persentase penyisihan TSS skala laboratorium berdasarkan tipe flocculent settling sehingga persentase penyisihan TSS, nilai waktu detensi, dan overflow rate dapat diprediksi berdasarkan kondisi karakterisitik air limbah terkini. Metode penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan pengujian konsentrasi TSS air limbah hasil proses koagulasi-flokulasi pada beberapa titik sampling per satuan waktu. Variasi persentase penyisihan adalah 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, dan 70%. Berdasarkan kurva isokonsentrasi, total penyisihan fraksi penyisihan terhadap nilai variasi persentase penyisihan adalah 42,49; 56,79; 63,74; 70,43; 75,57; 78,21; 82,86%. Nilai tersebut menjadi acuan terhadap penentuan waktu detensi dan overflow rate unit sedimentasi.

Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah 10 Penelitian Masalah Lingkungan di Indonesia, 161-169. ISBN: 2088-4818, Aug 20, 2014

The effort of controlling and monitoring river water quality was needed to increase intensively w... more The effort of controlling and monitoring river water quality was needed to increase intensively within the increasing of load pollution. The purposes of this research was to measure water quality based on Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration, to determine load pollution index and to analyze load pollution in Ciliwung and Cisadane River in Bogor, West Java. This research took eight specimens in fifteen sampling point to determine water quality status based on load and pollution index. The results showed COD concentrations on some specimens exceeded government standard with the value of COD 27.3 mg/l. Water quality status showed that Ciliwung and Cisadane River in slight-polluted condition on some sampling points. Total load pollution for DO, BOD, and COD in Ciliwung River was 42,776 kg/day; 4,231 kg/day;and 99,243 kg/day respectively, Cisadane River was 26,571 kg/day, 8,780 kg/day dan 42,286 kg/day respectively. Although Ciliwung and Cisadane River in Bogor was located in the upstream, the level of water pollution was detected because liquid and solid waste accumation which has been coming in to river uncontrolled. Consequently, the ability of natural self purification in the river was not work optimally.

Prosiding Konferensi Teknik Sipil 7: Peran Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan, Vol. II, L39-L36, ISBN: 978-979-498-859-6

Instalasi pengolahan air limbah domestik Gedung X pada salah satu universitas terkemuka di Jakart... more Instalasi pengolahan air limbah domestik Gedung X pada salah satu universitas terkemuka di Jakarta berupa pengolahan biologis tipe lumpur aktif konvensional yang terdiri dari proses aerasi dan sedimentasi. Kondisi pengolahan saat ini kurang berjalan maksimal karena tingginya konsentrasi Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan amonia hasil pengolahan. Atas dasar permasalahn di atas, evaluasi perlu dilakukan untuk menentukan konstanta biokinetik, nitrifikasi, serta penelitian terhadap parameter disain. Metode sampling secara komposit untuk mendapatkan berbagai konsentrasi parameter fisik, kimiawi dan biologis. Melalui hasil analisis laboratorium selama tiga minggu, konsentrasi rata-rata BOD, COD, Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), Amonia, Total Kjedhal Nitrogen (TKN), dan pH pada influen sebesar 425 mg/L; 987 rng/L; 1000,48 mg/L; 31 rng/L; 106,83 mg/L; 7,9; pada bak aerasi sebesar 235 mg/L; 595 mg/L; 3487,1 mg/L; 19 mg/L; 69,11 mg/L; 7,7; pada effluen sebesar 134 mg/L: 244 rng/L; 495,95 mg/L; 6 mg/L; 16,21 mg/L; 7,7. Tipe proses lumpur aktif di Gedung X adalah pencampuran lengkap (completely mixed activated sludge) dengan resirkulasi yang dilengkapi pipa pembuangan lumpur. Koefisien biokinetik meliputi nilai konstanta saturasi (Ks), kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum bakteri (µmax), koefisien produksi sintesa sel (Y), kecepatan utilisasi substrat spesifik maksimum (qmax), koefisien kematian mikroba (ke), kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum bakteri nitrifikasi (µmax)NS, konstanta saturasi nitrifikasi (KN), koefisien hasil yang diobservasi (Yobs), produksi biomassa (ΔX), dan nilai reduksi nitrogen. Koefisien-koefisen tersebut akan digunakan untuk menentukan kebutuhan oksigen yang dibutuhkan oleh mikrorganisme pada bak aerasi.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan: Optimasi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 455-461, ISBN: 978-602-17001-1-2., Aug 27, 2013

Koefisien biokinetik berguna untuk mengkarakterisasi setiap saat konsentrasi senyawa kimia yang t... more Koefisien biokinetik berguna untuk mengkarakterisasi setiap saat konsentrasi senyawa kimia yang tersisa pada air limbah, memberikan rekomendasi berupa prediksi level lingkungan saat ini dan di kernudian hari, dan mengeliminasi adanya kontaminan berbahaya sebelum memasuki komponen lingkungan yang rentan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bentuk persamaan yang digunakan untuk mencari nilai optimum waktu tinggal air limbah dan volume bak dengan dipengaruhi adanya koefisien biokinetik terhadap reaktor lumpur aktif completelymixed dengan sistem sirkulasi atau tanpa sirkulasi, Pengambilan contob air Iimbah dilakukansalahsatuindustri di Jakartapada 5titik surnber dengan sistem tercampur.Data primer diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan kesetimbangan massa dan aliran hidrolik, sehingga konsentrasiBiochemicalOxygenDemand (BOD) influen unit lumpur aktif diperoleh sebesar 418,76 mglLdan Total Suspended Solid (TSS) influensebesar 129,96 mgIL, sertadebit sebesar 103 10.4 mJ /hari. Salah satu unit pengolaban yang akan dirancang adalah lumpur aktif. Model yang akan dibandingkan dalam menentukan koefisien biokinetik berupa unit pengolahan menggunakan dan tanpa adanya resirkulasi.Koefisien biokinetik meliputi nilai konstanta saturasi(KsJ, kecepatan pertumbuban spesifik maksimum bakteri (pmaJ, microbialyield[Y) dan koefisien kernatian mikroba (kJ. Dua model tersebut diperoleh pendekatan yang identik untuk memperoleh koefisien biokinetik, kecuali penentuan waktu detensi. Untuk menghasilkan volume reaktor yang kecil, nilai Ks kecil diikuti dengan nilai µmax yang besar, sehingga mikroorganisme memiliki afinitas yang tinggi terhadap substrat yang diberikan.

Penggunaan kesetimbangan massa (massbalance) pada pengolahan air limbah untuk mengetahui konsentr... more Penggunaan kesetimbangan massa (massbalance) pada pengolahan air limbah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi substansi yang mengalami perubahan pada setiap unit pengolahan. Pada model reaktor Completely Mixed, nilai perpindaban substansi di dalam reaktor harus seimbang dengan jumlah sisa produsi yang dihasilkan oleh proses fisik dan kimiawi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui substansi secara detail berupa jumlah debit, padatan, dan substrat yang masuk dan keluar dari setiap unit pengolahan air limbah. Pengambilan contoh air limbah dilakukan salah satu industri di Jakarta, pada 5 titik sumber dengan sistem tercampur. Dari hasil pengukuran karakteristik fisik dan kimiawi air limbah, dua parameter yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) sebesar 661 mg/L, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) sebesar 342 mg/L, serta debit sebesar 0,12 m3/detik digunakan sebagai data awal untuk analisis kesetimbangan massa. Unit pengolahan yang akan dirancang adalah bar screen, gritcbamber, sedimentasi primer, lumpur aktif sedimentasi sekunder, desinfeksi, serta unit pengolahan lumpur (thickener, digester anaerobik, sentrifugasi). Pada diagram alir kesetimbangan massa, supernatan dan lumpur diperhitungkan dengan memperhatikan aliran pada setiap unit operasi dan proses, tanpa mengacu pada waktu detensi. Dari analisis tersebut, debit aliran bawah (underflow) pada unit pengolahan lebih kecil dibandingkan aliran utama (main liquid stream), sedangkan konsentrasi TSS meningkat ketika memasuki unit pengolahan lumpur. Pengulangan (iterasi) perhitungan dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan akurasi nilai variabel terbaik. Data yang diperoleh sangat berguna sebagai acuan dasar dalam merancang unit pengolahan air Iimbah.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional 1 Semesta Arsitektur Nusantara: Ruang Bersama “Nusantara” untuk Kehidupan yang Lebih Baik, A18-A25, ISBN: 978-602-203-419-3., Dec 12, 2012

Setiap tahun, kualitas lingkungan terus memburuk dengan sektor pembangunan menyumbang sekitar 66%... more Setiap tahun, kualitas lingkungan terus memburuk dengan sektor pembangunan menyumbang sekitar 66% dari total sumber bahan bakar fosil penyebab pencemaran lingkungan. Teknik konstruksi bangunan perlu diubah untuk difokuskan pada konsep ramah lingkungan. Masyarakat adat, seperti masyarakat Baduy Dalam, sejak turun-temurun telah mengembangkan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan dan bangunan melalui sistem kearifan lokal secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi dan merekonstruksi rencana kearifan lokal desain tata letak rumah di wilayah Baduy Dalam. Metode penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa peta dan narasi informatif dari studi literatur, serta data primer melalui hasil survei, kuesioner dan pengamatan langsung di lokasi. Hasil penelitian adalah rekonstruksi tata letak rumah Baduy Dalam menggunakan gambar teknik melalui program komputer SketchUp 8 dan Autocad. Perletakan rumah disesuaikan dengan kondisi iklim setempat seperti angin dan matahari. Dalam rangka menjaga keselarasan alam, maka penanganan pengolahan lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh limbah domestik diperlukan adanya modifikasi dengan pembuatan MCK (mandi, cuci, kakus) dan tangki septik secara komunal. Untuk limbah padat diperlukan adanya pemberdayaan masyarakat terpadu dalam memahami proses pengolahan sampah organik dan anorganik berupa teknik pembuatan kompos dan insinerasi. Konservasi daerah resapan air juga dibutuhkan dalam menjaga ketersediaan sumber mata air di permukiman Baduy Dalam.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan: Meningkatkan Peran Strategi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, 334-342, ISBN: 978-602-17001-0-5., Sep 11, 2012

Adanya limbah tidak bisa dilepaskan dari aktivitas dan proses produksi yang mempunyai nilai kebut... more Adanya limbah tidak bisa dilepaskan dari aktivitas dan proses produksi yang mempunyai nilai kebutuhan di tengah masyarakat. Limbah tersebut mempunyai efek yang berbahaya dan bersifat toksik bagi lingkungan dan organisme apabila tidak ditangani melalui pendekatan teknologi tepat guna Umumnya, limbah dari sektor perindustrian dalam skala kecil dan besar bersifat berbahaya dan beracun (B3). Salah satu solusi dalam menangani lahan terkontaminasi B3 adalah dengan pendekatan teknologi, remediasi untuk menetralisir kontaminan, sehingga tingkat toksisitas menjadi tidak terlalu berbahaya Dalam penerapan teknik remediasi di lingkungan, adanya regulasi mcrupakan hal yang esensial bagi pengawasan terhadap kelancaran proses. Hal ini menjadikan peraturan harus mempunyai pcndekatan pendekatan yang empiris terhadap berbagai faktor yang terjadi di alam. Berbagai macam kriteria diperlukan dalam penyusunan standar baku mutu, yaitu limit of detection, background level, regulator cleanup level, human health risk standar dan technology based cleanup . Dengan demikian, mengingat tingkat penanganan limbah B3 di Indonesia masih rendah, maka pendekatan regulasi sebaiknya mencakup kelima kriteria tersebut. Peraturan dibuat dan diubah sejalan dengan perkembangan kondisi limbah yang berada di lingkungan. Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 33 Tahun 2009, British Columbia's Sites Remediation dan Contaminant Sites Ordinance of Germany berfungsi untuk mengisolasi lahan tercemar dalam mengendalikan dampak negatif terhadap masuknya kontaminan berbahaya ke dalam lingkungan. Peraturan tersebut mempunyai tata cara penulisan dan wacana fokus penanganan yang berbeda-beda dengan acuan Sites Assessment Planning (SAP) dan Remedial Action Planning (RAP), sehingga didapat adanya kelebihan maupun kekurangan . Hal yang wajar apabila melakukan tinjauan perbandingan antara peraturan tersebut guna memperbaiki dan menyempumakan elemen regulasi dalam mengelola lahan tercemar.

Proceeding Annual Engineering Seminar 2012, D131-D13, ISBN: 978-602-98726-1-3., Feb 16, 2012

The decreasing of the rivers quality in Jakarta caused by no installation of communal wastewater ... more The decreasing of the rivers quality in Jakarta caused by no installation of communal wastewater treatment. Therefore, the examination of river quality was conducted to determine the level of water pollution in the estuary and to formulate basic concepts of communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) design alternatives. Generally, the scope of the research is divided into two analyses. The first stage is to analyze the chemical and biological quantitative water sample at 10 points of the river estuary for domestic wastewater and one point of PT. “X” effluent for industrial wastewater. The second stage is to analyze the alternatives of WWTP design. According to “SK Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 582 Tahun 1995” about determination of the designation and river water quality standards for raw water and wastewater, the results of river water quality monitoring for class D of raw water as urban and agricultural activity does not meet quality standards, in particular the parameter COD (11.54-106.54 mg / l), BOD (10.32-88.2 mg / l), Coliform (90,000-570,000,000/100 ml) and Fecal Coli (47,833-431,000,000/100 ml). One of the solutions for reducing pollutants is constructing the communal Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) for domestic wastewater and the small WWTP for industrial wastewater.

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 2018

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, Apr 2018

Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, Mar 2015

Proceeding of National Conference on Conservation for Better Life, 75-92, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Proceeding of National Conference on Concervation for Better Life, 69-74, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Proceeding of National Conference on Concervation for Better Life, 179-184, ISBN: 978-602-71782-0-5., Nov 22, 2014

Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah 10 Penelitian Masalah Lingkungan di Indonesia, 161-169. ISBN: 2088-4818, Aug 20, 2014

Prosiding Konferensi Teknik Sipil 7: Peran Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan, Vol. II, L39-L36, ISBN: 978-979-498-859-6

Prosiding Seminar Nasional 1 Semesta Arsitektur Nusantara: Ruang Bersama “Nusantara” untuk Kehidupan yang Lebih Baik, A18-A25, ISBN: 978-602-203-419-3., Dec 12, 2012

Proceeding Annual Engineering Seminar 2012, D131-D13, ISBN: 978-602-98726-1-3., Feb 16, 2012

Prosiding Seminar Nasional 2012: Waste Management Sustainable Urban Development, 217-222, ISBN: 978-602-95595-4-5., Feb 21, 2012

Bioremediation is a recovery process for the contaminated land by utilizing the activities of mic... more Bioremediation is a recovery process for the contaminated land by utilizing the activities of microorganisms. Various technologies have been developed to obtain the optimal result, one of them is utilizing bulking agent as additive to increase the soil porosity and the contaminant biodegradation rate. The purpose of this study to examine the best effectiveness of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) removal between utilization of bintaro fibers and rice husk bulking agent in remediation process. The exogenous microorganisms that used on this study were Bacillus sp. The contaminated land was made by putting about 10% of lubricating oil, 1% of the bacteria Bacillus sp, 1% of bulking agent; 0.5-0.8% of NPK fertilizer, and 1% of urea fertilizer. The reactor that used on this study was landfarming type, which is the simple reactor. The humidity on this reactor maintained by added some water for twice a week. The efficiency of TPH concentrations for two months using bintaro fibers and rice husk were 49.5% and 56.12% respectively. Thus, the use of rice husk as bulking agent is more effective than bintaro fibers in biodegradation of bioremediation process.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional 2012: Waste Management Sustainable Urban Development, 211-216, ISBN: 978-602-98726-1-3., Feb 21, 2012

In minister of decree (Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.128/2003) mentioned that the final r... more In minister of decree (Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.128/2003) mentioned that the final requirement of the recovery contaminated land by Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) through the bioremediation is less than 1%. The TPH residues resulted from bioremediation are difficult to degrade naturally and requires a treatment process in long term, while the treatment process output quantity is increasing. Thus, these effects will bring new problems for environment. The isolation and identification of petrofilic bacteria is the beginning phase of this research and will be continued by determination of biodegradation kinetic parameters and examine the biodegradation process at landfarming reactor on a laboratory scale. The purpose of this research is finding the bacteria isolates that have high affinity towards the given substrates. The bacteria isolation media was using Solution Base Salt (SBS) which enriched with yeast extract and crude oil. The isolation phase produced 6 single colonies of bacteria isolates that potentially degrading crude oil with clear zones characteristics around the colonies. The identification phase produced Pesudomonas putida AK.A (4 isolates) and Pseudomonas diminuta AK.B (2 isolates). These bacteria are gram-negative bacteria, aerobic, rod-shaped, and can degrade the pollutants especially aromatic hydrocarbons. Both of these isolates will be used to determine biodegradation kinetics of both in a single colony or a mixed culture.

Proceeding Annual Engineering Seminar 2012, D146-D15, ISBN: 978-602-98726-1-3., Feb 16, 2012

Cyclone is one of air pollution control devices for separating the gas phase to the solid phase t... more Cyclone is one of air pollution control devices for separating the gas phase to the solid phase to reduce particulate emissions in industrial area. Sometimes the cyclone performance does not have significant influence to reduce particulate, because the best approach to determine the cyclone dimensions and efficiency that appropriate with the air flow rate input is unknown. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to determine the best cyclone dimensions and efficiency, criteria to recommend the appropriate design for particulate control device in industrial activity. There are three versions of cyclone design standard dimension (Lapple, Swift and Stairmand). The calculation processes used Barth, Leith-Licht and Ionizia-Leith Models, with variations of gas inlet velocity (10, 15,20 m/s) and volumetric flow rate (60000,65000,70000 m3/hr). The calculation results obtained that the lower volumetric flow rate and the higher gas velocity at cyclone inlet will provide the higher particulate removal efficiency value.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hari Lingkungan Hidup 2011: Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup Berbasis Kearifan Lokal, 17-25, ISBN: 978-602-19161-0-0., Jul 23, 2011

Pengelolaan sampah terpadu dengan mengoptimalkan potensi 3R (Reuse-Reduce-Recycle) merupakan pend... more Pengelolaan sampah terpadu dengan mengoptimalkan potensi 3R (Reuse-Reduce-Recycle) merupakan pendekatan terbaik bagi kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Penelitian skala kecil melalui pola perjalanan sampah dari sumber hingga tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) merepresentasikan karakteristik dan pola pengelolaan sampah perkotaan, sehingga memberikan solusi alternatif dalam perbaikan sistem pengelolaan antara penghasil, pengangkut dan pengelola sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik fisik dan kimia sampah, merumuskan alternatif pengolahan sampah dan menyusun model sistem pengangkutan sampah di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan sampling secara komposit pada empat titik sampling di kontainer dan variasi kedalaman yang sama. Hasil sampling diukur melalui uji laboratorium dan menghasilkan parameter pH (2,82), kadar air (66,04%), kadar volatil (90,85%), kadar abu (9,15%), karbon organik (53,59%), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (1,46%) dan nilai kalor(4293,25 kal/gr). Secara teoritis, apabila kadar volatil sampah tinggi (berbanding terbalik dengan kadar abu) dan nilai kalor sampah mencapai minimal 1500 kal/gr, maka sampah dapat dibakar (insinerasi). Alternatif lain berupa pengomposan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai perbandingan C/N (kadar karbon/total nitrogen Kjeldhal) sebesar 37. Walaupun rasio maksimum C/N dalam proses pengomposan sebesar 40, namun proses mekanisme biologis cenderung tetap berjalan optimal dalam menjaga kelangsungan hidup mikroorganisme. Tahap penelitian ini dilanjuti dengan analisis kondisi eksisting proses pewadahan dan proses pengangkutan sampah dari TPS hingga TPA. Komponen-komponen yang perlu direvisi dari hasil analisis ini adalah perbaikan prasarana di TPS, pemuatan sampah di dalam truk pengangkut, tinggi muatan sampah, kekedapan bak kontainer pengumpul sampah, alternatif model sistem penampungan dan pengangkutan sampah, serta lintasan perjalanan pengangkutan sampah.

2008). Anaerobic digestion model No. 1-based distributed parameter model of an anaerobic reactor:... more 2008). Anaerobic digestion model No. 1-based distributed parameter model of an anaerobic reactor: II. Model validation. Bioresource technology, 99(9), 3676-3684.