Reinhard Hössinger | University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) (original) (raw)
Papers by Reinhard Hössinger
Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), Jan 7, 2021
Transportation, 2021
The value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time... more The value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time, consists of two components: the value of liberating time [equal to the value of leisure (VoL)] and the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT), representing the travel conditions of a trip. Their relative values indicate which dimension to emphasize when investing in transport: speed or comfort. In this paper, we formulate and estimate a framework aimed at the improvement in the estimation of the VoL. By introducing a novel treatment of time assigned to domestic work, we consider that unpaid labor should be assigned a wage rate as a measure of the expenses avoided when assigning time to those chores. We use state-of-the-art data on time use and expenses as well as online data on gig workers collected in Austria, and apply the time-use and expenditure model of Jara-Diaz et al. (Transp Res Part B 42(10):946–957, 2008). The wage rates for paid and unpaid work were combined to re-formulate...
Decomposition of the value of travel time savings into the value of leisure and the value of time... more Decomposition of the value of travel time savings into the value of leisure and the value of time assigned to travel
European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2018
This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel ... more This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel surveys (HTS) in two ways: Firstly, we compare travel activities reported in the established Austrian National HTS (ANTS) with an innovative survey approach, the so-called “MobilityActivity-Expenditure Diary” (MAED), and secondly we extend the analysis to (i) additional travel estimates and to (ii) non-travel activities. The analysis addresses three main goals: (i) identification of non-reporting effects in the HTS for travel estimates, (ii) analysis of speed-ofresponse effects on travel estimates, (iii) assessment of the completeness and accuracy of nontravel activities inferred from the trip purposes in the HTS. Underreporting in HTS occurs both on person level and on the trip level, and mainly for peak-hour trips with either short distances or short durations of the subsequent non-travel activity. No significant underreporting was found on the tour level. Speed-of-response effects are...
hEART 2018 Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice mo... more hEART 2018 Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice model: A simulated maximum likelihood approach Basil Schmid PhD student at the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland E-Mail: basil.schmid@ivt.baug.ethz.ch Simona Jokubauskaite PhD student at the Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: simona.jokubauskaite@boku.ac.at Florian Aschauer PhD student at the Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: florian.aschauer@boku.ac.at Dr. Stefanie Peer Institute for Multi-Level Governance and Development, WU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: stefanie.peer@wu.ac.at Dr. Reinhard Hoessinger Institute for Transport Studies, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: reinhard.hoessinger@boku.ac.at Prof. Regine Gerike Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, TU Dresden, Germany E-Mail: regine.gerike@tu-dresden.de Prof. Sergio Jara-Diaz Department of Civil Engi...
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2021
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2021
We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savin... more We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savings (VTTS) based on pooled RP/SP travel choice data of Zurich workers. Unlike the large majority of time valuation studies, we also have data on the respondents' time-use and expenditure allocation, which enables us to estimate their value of leisure (VoL), i.e. the opportunity value of liberated time when the duration of a committed activity, such as travel, is reduced. We use the estimates of the VoL and the VTTS to derive the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT)-the monetary value of the direct (dis-)utility derived from the conditions experienced while traveling. Linking the VTTS and VoL at the individual-level allows for a detailed analysis of VTAT distributions. We obtain median VTTS for car and motorbike (MIV) of 30.6 CHF/h, carpooling (CP) of 27.7 CHF/h, carsharing (CS) of 26.7 CHF/h, walk of 26.7 CHF/h, bike of 18.2 CHF/h and public transportation (PT) of 14.8 CHF/h. The median VoL amounts to 25.2 CHF/h. We find that MIV, CS and CP perform worst in terms of VTAT (as indicated by values smaller than zero), showing that the perceived travel comfort all in car modes (private, shared and pooled) is substantially lower than for PT and bike, where the VTAT are greater than zero. From a transportation policy perspective, our results suggest that travel comfort matters greatly and investing in the quality of travel should therefore obtain more attention. However, from a PT operator's point of view, our results indicate that in the case of Zurich, investing in faster connections may exhibit a higher marginal impact on user benefits, since the VoL is relatively high, while travel comfort is perceived as high already.
Current Issues in Tourism, 2020
Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a gre... more Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban-rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.
European Transport Research Review, 2019
Objective The emphasis of the study presented in this paper was to identify the attributes of dri... more Objective The emphasis of the study presented in this paper was to identify the attributes of drivers who are prone to cause a motorway crash. It was induced byambitions to enhance the effectiveness of traffic safety campaigns by identifying subgroups of drivers more precisely. Method For this purpose we conducted an accident data analysis of all injury crashes 2012–2014 on Austrian motorways. Since 2012 it is possible for the police to label the “mainly responsible person” for the crash in the Austrian electronic accident recording system. It turned out that the quality of the data had some limitations, which required considerable pre-processing. The analysis by comparing the proportions of “mainly responsible” and “not responsible” drivers was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The binary characteristic, if a person was, according to the police, mainly responsible for the crash served as response variable. It was regressed on various personal and veh...
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2019
This paper presents the joint time-use, expenditure and mode choice model, based on the theoretic... more This paper presents the joint time-use, expenditure and mode choice model, based on the theoretical framework of Jara-Díaz and Guevara (2003), for the first time estimated in panel setting while using surveyed expenditure data. This extended estimation takes into account multiple trips per individual, as well as mode availability. The model was estimated using the novel dataset gathered in Austria in 2015. It includes individual-specific information on time-use, expenditures and mode choice. As a result, we calculate the value of leisure (VoL), travel time savings (VTTS) and time assigned to travel (VTAT), that are relevant inputs to appraisals of transport policies. We also show that, at least for the Austrian working population, the omission of expenditures in the model might result in a significant overestimation of the value of leisure (16.83%); the VoL (9.29€/h) was estimated to be considerably lower than the wage rate (12.14€/h) and the VTTS varies strongly between the modes (9.98€/h for car, 3.91€/h for public transport, 9.25€/h for bike and 17.53€/h for walk). The joint estimation framework produced positive estimates of VTAT (5.38€/h) only for public transport, reflecting the favorable public transport conditions in Austria.
Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019
Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical da... more Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective: This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants' characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample.
Transportation, 2019
Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria... more Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria, the value of leisure (VoL) for different population segments has been estimated. Through the combination of these results with mode-specific values of travel time savings from a related study based on the same data, the first mode-specific values of time assigned to travel (VTAT) were calculated. Data was collected using a Mobility-Activity-Expenditure Diary, a novel survey format which gathers all activities, expenditures, and travel decisions from the same individuals for 1 week in a diary-based format. The average VoL is 8.17 €/h, which is below the mean wage of 12.14 €/h, indicating that the value of work is, on average, negative. Regarding the reliability of the VoL, we show its sensitivity to the variance of working time in a sample, something that has been ignored in previous studies and could be used to avoid inadequate segmentation. We controlled this effect in the analysis of the heterogeneity of the VoL across the population by estimating the parameters from the total (unsegmented) dataset with single interaction terms. We find that the VTAT is strictly negative for walking, predominantly negative for cycling and car, and predominantly positive for public transport with 0.27 €/h on average. The positive VTAT for public transport is a strong indication for the importance of travel conditions, in turn suggesting that improvements in travel conditions of public transport might be as important as investing in shorter travel times.
Tourism Management, 2019
This study investigated the suitability of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to resea... more This study investigated the suitability of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to research the travel intention of metropolitan citizens to nearby destinations. The consideration of heat waves in this context is a novel approach. The survey data was collected from 877 Viennese respondents. Structural equation modelling shows a very good fit of the final model to the data; model extensions yield a strong increase of explained variance. The results suggest that heat-related change of intention is influenced by the strength of heat stress perceived during past heat waves. Nevertheless, subjective and social norm are the strongest determinants of intention, whereas attitude is a very weak predictor. Additional significant predictors are outdoor sports as a travel motive, media coverage, and past behaviour. The first application of an extended TPB model to summer tourism in the context of climate change yields important insights as to how climate change affects the destination choice of summer tourists. The results provide valuable starting points for attracting heat stressed metropolitan visitors.
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019
Being of great importance for transportation policy appraisals, we investigate mode and user-type... more Being of great importance for transportation policy appraisals, we investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings (VTTS) using a pooled RP/SP Mixed Logit modeling approach for mode, route and destination choice data. For a representative sample of Austrian workers, our analysis reveals population-weighted median VTTS estimates for car (12.3 Euro/h), public transportation (PT; 8.1 Euro/h), bike (11.7 Euro/h) and walk (10.2 Euro/h). Considering only those respondents who have used car and PT in the observation period (and thus are familiar with both modes), we find that four user characteristics are able to decompose this substantial difference in median VTTS between car and PT (i.e. the total mode effect) of about 4.9 Euro/h: Posterior means of individual and mode-specific VTTS distributions reveal a reduced mode effect for high income (4.6 Euro/h), female (4.5 Euro/h), low educated (4.3 Euro/h) and urban (3.0 Euro/h) user groups. Our results indicate that in the case of Austrian workers, characteristics of the mode are more important than characteristics of the users, and that the travel time spent in PT is valued less than in a car for all investigated user groups.
Applied Mobilities, 2019
Both, the capability of a transport system to grant access to a destination and a traveller's abi... more Both, the capability of a transport system to grant access to a destination and a traveller's ability to utilize its opportunities can be distinguished in objective and subjective factors. The paper analyses the potential for objective accessibility factors to explain mobility behaviour. In more detail, the paper (i) quantifies the explanatory power of objective factors of the transport system (supply-side) for mode choice decisions and (ii) analyses if these supply-side factors, as well as objective factors of the traveller (demand-side), affects the level of multimodality among Austrian employees. Following this approach, the paper estimates mode choice models that only consist of trip features and accessibility factors. The final model reaches a high explanatory power and includes the individual transport mode availability, travel time, travel cost, public transport service quality and the car parking situation. The model allows simulation, which estimates the modal shift with respect to adaptations of the accessibility factors. Car travel time is the variable impacting mode choice decisions the most; this suggests a push-strategy when aiming to make the transport system more sustainable. Additionally, we show that both transport demand and supply factors, but most of all their combination can explain multimodal travel behaviour, i.e., whether or not a person uses more than one transport mode within one week. The explanatory value increases significantly if one also considers mobility tools. The variables explaining multimodality best are ownership of a bike and a PT season card as well as the public transport network density.
Sustainability, 2019
Rural alpine areas are affected by climate change in multiple ways. Today, many lower regions alr... more Rural alpine areas are affected by climate change in multiple ways. Today, many lower regions already face challenges in winter. However, several authors indicated new potentials for near-metropolitan areas in summer. As the first study for a metropolitan area, this paper discusses results of a large-scale quantitative survey (n = 877) from Vienna (Austria) to evaluate the intentions of urban residents to seek refreshment in nearby mountainous regions. The results regarding their adaptation behavior confirm the likely increase in demand to escape to nearby refreshing areas during heatwaves. This trend could lead to (re-)vitalization potential for rural near-metropolitan areas in Eastern Austria, which are often characterized by depopulation and degradation of infrastructure. A closer look at the respondents’ mobility behavior, reveals a high risk for unsustainable developments. Although the high and increasing share of car-free households in Vienna would suggest a strong demand for ...
Transportation, 2018
A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel... more A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel activities, non-travel activities and budget assignment at the individual level. This paper describes the development of a new survey design, which incorporates components of travel surveys, time use surveys and consumer expenditure surveys in an integrated format, which is expected to deliver a richer data set allowing deeper insights into individuals' activity and consumption patterns. The survey procedure and the incentives paid, which were necessary to obtain acceptable response rates, are also described. Results from two pilot studies using a trip-based and an activity-based diary format are presented. The paper examines to which extent the diaries have been capable of collecting the required data with high quality and response rates. The innovative "Mobility-Activity-Expenditure-Diary" is introduced and results of the main survey using this design are presented. Travel behaviour and non-travel activities were reported at high quality. Expenditures would require longer observation periods (and preferably not only telephone but also personal support in the survey process) to reduce unsystematic variations and to better capture individuals' long term equilibrium.
Journal of Transport Geography, 2018
This paper documents the survey conducted as a part of an Austrian national research project call... more This paper documents the survey conducted as a part of an Austrian national research project calls UNTERWEGS (SPA 04-025) being funded by the Federal Ministry of Science and Research encouraging the cooperation between universities and schools. The researches want to thank the participating schools and the children involved in the survey and the project, as well as the collaborating partner Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (national research and planning institute for health care in Austria) for a very good cooperation.
Transportation Research Procedia, 2018
The study is embedded in an evaluation of a travel awareness campaign for children. According to ... more The study is embedded in an evaluation of a travel awareness campaign for children. According to the research design, two attitude and travel surveys were conducted with an intervention in-between. The analysis is based on the before-survey, which served as methodological experiment measuring attitudes at different levels of aggregation: (A) basic personal values, (B) one-dimensional (unspecific) attitudes as typically used in TPB models, and (C) multi-dimensional (content-related) attitudes towards travel modes. The relationships of all groups with intention and behaviour are examined. The results show that one-dimensional attitudes (B) have the highest explanatory power for travel-related intentions and behaviour.
Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), Jan 7, 2021
Transportation, 2021
The value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time... more The value of travel time savings (VTTS) representing the willingness to pay to reduce travel time, consists of two components: the value of liberating time [equal to the value of leisure (VoL)] and the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT), representing the travel conditions of a trip. Their relative values indicate which dimension to emphasize when investing in transport: speed or comfort. In this paper, we formulate and estimate a framework aimed at the improvement in the estimation of the VoL. By introducing a novel treatment of time assigned to domestic work, we consider that unpaid labor should be assigned a wage rate as a measure of the expenses avoided when assigning time to those chores. We use state-of-the-art data on time use and expenses as well as online data on gig workers collected in Austria, and apply the time-use and expenditure model of Jara-Diaz et al. (Transp Res Part B 42(10):946–957, 2008). The wage rates for paid and unpaid work were combined to re-formulate...
Decomposition of the value of travel time savings into the value of leisure and the value of time... more Decomposition of the value of travel time savings into the value of leisure and the value of time assigned to travel
European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2018
This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel ... more This paper contributes to the research on non-reporting effects in mixed-method household travel surveys (HTS) in two ways: Firstly, we compare travel activities reported in the established Austrian National HTS (ANTS) with an innovative survey approach, the so-called “MobilityActivity-Expenditure Diary” (MAED), and secondly we extend the analysis to (i) additional travel estimates and to (ii) non-travel activities. The analysis addresses three main goals: (i) identification of non-reporting effects in the HTS for travel estimates, (ii) analysis of speed-ofresponse effects on travel estimates, (iii) assessment of the completeness and accuracy of nontravel activities inferred from the trip purposes in the HTS. Underreporting in HTS occurs both on person level and on the trip level, and mainly for peak-hour trips with either short distances or short durations of the subsequent non-travel activity. No significant underreporting was found on the tour level. Speed-of-response effects are...
hEART 2018 Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice mo... more hEART 2018 Simultaneous estimation of a joint time use, expenditure allocation and mode choice model: A simulated maximum likelihood approach Basil Schmid PhD student at the Institute for Transport Planning and Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland E-Mail: basil.schmid@ivt.baug.ethz.ch Simona Jokubauskaite PhD student at the Institute of Applied Statistics and Computing, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: simona.jokubauskaite@boku.ac.at Florian Aschauer PhD student at the Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: florian.aschauer@boku.ac.at Dr. Stefanie Peer Institute for Multi-Level Governance and Development, WU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: stefanie.peer@wu.ac.at Dr. Reinhard Hoessinger Institute for Transport Studies, BOKU Vienna, Austria E-Mail: reinhard.hoessinger@boku.ac.at Prof. Regine Gerike Institute of Transport Planning and Road Traffic, TU Dresden, Germany E-Mail: regine.gerike@tu-dresden.de Prof. Sergio Jara-Diaz Department of Civil Engi...
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2021
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2021
We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savin... more We use state-of-the art estimation approaches to obtain mode-specific values of travel time savings (VTTS) based on pooled RP/SP travel choice data of Zurich workers. Unlike the large majority of time valuation studies, we also have data on the respondents' time-use and expenditure allocation, which enables us to estimate their value of leisure (VoL), i.e. the opportunity value of liberated time when the duration of a committed activity, such as travel, is reduced. We use the estimates of the VoL and the VTTS to derive the value of time assigned to travel (VTAT)-the monetary value of the direct (dis-)utility derived from the conditions experienced while traveling. Linking the VTTS and VoL at the individual-level allows for a detailed analysis of VTAT distributions. We obtain median VTTS for car and motorbike (MIV) of 30.6 CHF/h, carpooling (CP) of 27.7 CHF/h, carsharing (CS) of 26.7 CHF/h, walk of 26.7 CHF/h, bike of 18.2 CHF/h and public transportation (PT) of 14.8 CHF/h. The median VoL amounts to 25.2 CHF/h. We find that MIV, CS and CP perform worst in terms of VTAT (as indicated by values smaller than zero), showing that the perceived travel comfort all in car modes (private, shared and pooled) is substantially lower than for PT and bike, where the VTAT are greater than zero. From a transportation policy perspective, our results suggest that travel comfort matters greatly and investing in the quality of travel should therefore obtain more attention. However, from a PT operator's point of view, our results indicate that in the case of Zurich, investing in faster connections may exhibit a higher marginal impact on user benefits, since the VoL is relatively high, while travel comfort is perceived as high already.
Current Issues in Tourism, 2020
Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a gre... more Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban-rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.
European Transport Research Review, 2019
Objective The emphasis of the study presented in this paper was to identify the attributes of dri... more Objective The emphasis of the study presented in this paper was to identify the attributes of drivers who are prone to cause a motorway crash. It was induced byambitions to enhance the effectiveness of traffic safety campaigns by identifying subgroups of drivers more precisely. Method For this purpose we conducted an accident data analysis of all injury crashes 2012–2014 on Austrian motorways. Since 2012 it is possible for the police to label the “mainly responsible person” for the crash in the Austrian electronic accident recording system. It turned out that the quality of the data had some limitations, which required considerable pre-processing. The analysis by comparing the proportions of “mainly responsible” and “not responsible” drivers was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The binary characteristic, if a person was, according to the police, mainly responsible for the crash served as response variable. It was regressed on various personal and veh...
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2019
This paper presents the joint time-use, expenditure and mode choice model, based on the theoretic... more This paper presents the joint time-use, expenditure and mode choice model, based on the theoretical framework of Jara-Díaz and Guevara (2003), for the first time estimated in panel setting while using surveyed expenditure data. This extended estimation takes into account multiple trips per individual, as well as mode availability. The model was estimated using the novel dataset gathered in Austria in 2015. It includes individual-specific information on time-use, expenditures and mode choice. As a result, we calculate the value of leisure (VoL), travel time savings (VTTS) and time assigned to travel (VTAT), that are relevant inputs to appraisals of transport policies. We also show that, at least for the Austrian working population, the omission of expenditures in the model might result in a significant overestimation of the value of leisure (16.83%); the VoL (9.29€/h) was estimated to be considerably lower than the wage rate (12.14€/h) and the VTTS varies strongly between the modes (9.98€/h for car, 3.91€/h for public transport, 9.25€/h for bike and 17.53€/h for walk). The joint estimation framework produced positive estimates of VTAT (5.38€/h) only for public transport, reflecting the favorable public transport conditions in Austria.
Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019
Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical da... more Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective: This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants' characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample.
Transportation, 2019
Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria... more Based on a time-use model with a sound theoretical basis and carefully collected data for Austria, the value of leisure (VoL) for different population segments has been estimated. Through the combination of these results with mode-specific values of travel time savings from a related study based on the same data, the first mode-specific values of time assigned to travel (VTAT) were calculated. Data was collected using a Mobility-Activity-Expenditure Diary, a novel survey format which gathers all activities, expenditures, and travel decisions from the same individuals for 1 week in a diary-based format. The average VoL is 8.17 €/h, which is below the mean wage of 12.14 €/h, indicating that the value of work is, on average, negative. Regarding the reliability of the VoL, we show its sensitivity to the variance of working time in a sample, something that has been ignored in previous studies and could be used to avoid inadequate segmentation. We controlled this effect in the analysis of the heterogeneity of the VoL across the population by estimating the parameters from the total (unsegmented) dataset with single interaction terms. We find that the VTAT is strictly negative for walking, predominantly negative for cycling and car, and predominantly positive for public transport with 0.27 €/h on average. The positive VTAT for public transport is a strong indication for the importance of travel conditions, in turn suggesting that improvements in travel conditions of public transport might be as important as investing in shorter travel times.
Tourism Management, 2019
This study investigated the suitability of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to resea... more This study investigated the suitability of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to research the travel intention of metropolitan citizens to nearby destinations. The consideration of heat waves in this context is a novel approach. The survey data was collected from 877 Viennese respondents. Structural equation modelling shows a very good fit of the final model to the data; model extensions yield a strong increase of explained variance. The results suggest that heat-related change of intention is influenced by the strength of heat stress perceived during past heat waves. Nevertheless, subjective and social norm are the strongest determinants of intention, whereas attitude is a very weak predictor. Additional significant predictors are outdoor sports as a travel motive, media coverage, and past behaviour. The first application of an extended TPB model to summer tourism in the context of climate change yields important insights as to how climate change affects the destination choice of summer tourists. The results provide valuable starting points for attracting heat stressed metropolitan visitors.
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2019
Being of great importance for transportation policy appraisals, we investigate mode and user-type... more Being of great importance for transportation policy appraisals, we investigate mode and user-type effects in the value of travel time savings (VTTS) using a pooled RP/SP Mixed Logit modeling approach for mode, route and destination choice data. For a representative sample of Austrian workers, our analysis reveals population-weighted median VTTS estimates for car (12.3 Euro/h), public transportation (PT; 8.1 Euro/h), bike (11.7 Euro/h) and walk (10.2 Euro/h). Considering only those respondents who have used car and PT in the observation period (and thus are familiar with both modes), we find that four user characteristics are able to decompose this substantial difference in median VTTS between car and PT (i.e. the total mode effect) of about 4.9 Euro/h: Posterior means of individual and mode-specific VTTS distributions reveal a reduced mode effect for high income (4.6 Euro/h), female (4.5 Euro/h), low educated (4.3 Euro/h) and urban (3.0 Euro/h) user groups. Our results indicate that in the case of Austrian workers, characteristics of the mode are more important than characteristics of the users, and that the travel time spent in PT is valued less than in a car for all investigated user groups.
Applied Mobilities, 2019
Both, the capability of a transport system to grant access to a destination and a traveller's abi... more Both, the capability of a transport system to grant access to a destination and a traveller's ability to utilize its opportunities can be distinguished in objective and subjective factors. The paper analyses the potential for objective accessibility factors to explain mobility behaviour. In more detail, the paper (i) quantifies the explanatory power of objective factors of the transport system (supply-side) for mode choice decisions and (ii) analyses if these supply-side factors, as well as objective factors of the traveller (demand-side), affects the level of multimodality among Austrian employees. Following this approach, the paper estimates mode choice models that only consist of trip features and accessibility factors. The final model reaches a high explanatory power and includes the individual transport mode availability, travel time, travel cost, public transport service quality and the car parking situation. The model allows simulation, which estimates the modal shift with respect to adaptations of the accessibility factors. Car travel time is the variable impacting mode choice decisions the most; this suggests a push-strategy when aiming to make the transport system more sustainable. Additionally, we show that both transport demand and supply factors, but most of all their combination can explain multimodal travel behaviour, i.e., whether or not a person uses more than one transport mode within one week. The explanatory value increases significantly if one also considers mobility tools. The variables explaining multimodality best are ownership of a bike and a PT season card as well as the public transport network density.
Sustainability, 2019
Rural alpine areas are affected by climate change in multiple ways. Today, many lower regions alr... more Rural alpine areas are affected by climate change in multiple ways. Today, many lower regions already face challenges in winter. However, several authors indicated new potentials for near-metropolitan areas in summer. As the first study for a metropolitan area, this paper discusses results of a large-scale quantitative survey (n = 877) from Vienna (Austria) to evaluate the intentions of urban residents to seek refreshment in nearby mountainous regions. The results regarding their adaptation behavior confirm the likely increase in demand to escape to nearby refreshing areas during heatwaves. This trend could lead to (re-)vitalization potential for rural near-metropolitan areas in Eastern Austria, which are often characterized by depopulation and degradation of infrastructure. A closer look at the respondents’ mobility behavior, reveals a high risk for unsustainable developments. Although the high and increasing share of car-free households in Vienna would suggest a strong demand for ...
Transportation, 2018
A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel... more A large amount of information is required to model the complex trade-off processes between travel activities, non-travel activities and budget assignment at the individual level. This paper describes the development of a new survey design, which incorporates components of travel surveys, time use surveys and consumer expenditure surveys in an integrated format, which is expected to deliver a richer data set allowing deeper insights into individuals' activity and consumption patterns. The survey procedure and the incentives paid, which were necessary to obtain acceptable response rates, are also described. Results from two pilot studies using a trip-based and an activity-based diary format are presented. The paper examines to which extent the diaries have been capable of collecting the required data with high quality and response rates. The innovative "Mobility-Activity-Expenditure-Diary" is introduced and results of the main survey using this design are presented. Travel behaviour and non-travel activities were reported at high quality. Expenditures would require longer observation periods (and preferably not only telephone but also personal support in the survey process) to reduce unsystematic variations and to better capture individuals' long term equilibrium.
Journal of Transport Geography, 2018
This paper documents the survey conducted as a part of an Austrian national research project call... more This paper documents the survey conducted as a part of an Austrian national research project calls UNTERWEGS (SPA 04-025) being funded by the Federal Ministry of Science and Research encouraging the cooperation between universities and schools. The researches want to thank the participating schools and the children involved in the survey and the project, as well as the collaborating partner Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (national research and planning institute for health care in Austria) for a very good cooperation.
Transportation Research Procedia, 2018
The study is embedded in an evaluation of a travel awareness campaign for children. According to ... more The study is embedded in an evaluation of a travel awareness campaign for children. According to the research design, two attitude and travel surveys were conducted with an intervention in-between. The analysis is based on the before-survey, which served as methodological experiment measuring attitudes at different levels of aggregation: (A) basic personal values, (B) one-dimensional (unspecific) attitudes as typically used in TPB models, and (C) multi-dimensional (content-related) attitudes towards travel modes. The relationships of all groups with intention and behaviour are examined. The results show that one-dimensional attitudes (B) have the highest explanatory power for travel-related intentions and behaviour.