Ahmad Vaezi - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ahmad Vaezi

Islamic Philosophy & Theology, 2016

Gadamer’s critique of methodologism is one of the fundamental teachings of his philosophical herm... more Gadamer’s critique of methodologism is one of the fundamental teachings of his philosophical hermeneutics. Gadamer sees truth much beyond the ability of method to grasp it completely. He criticizes the exclusive restriction of truth in methodical processes but does not reject the need for methodical work.The present article explores the origins of methodologism in ancient Greece and modern times, and studies Gadamer’s review on the extra-methodical thoughts of Greek philosophers. Then, the following issues are articulated: Gadamer’s phenomenological critique on Cartesian subjectivism, and Kantian epistemology, and the methodologism of classical hermeneutics including the separation of subject and object and the failure of methodologism in
accomplishing academic goals and the inability to get to the whole truth and its inner contradictions. Gadamer finds a wrong understanding of logic and a lack of knowledge about its limitations and the boundaries of its capabilities as one of the causes for misconceptions about method and inappropriate expectations from methodologism, including the attainment of truth. And in its critique he reaches back to the Greek roots of methodologism and distinguishes between scientific logic and philosophical logic in the dichotomy of Apollonian and Dionysian ideas among Stoic philosophers and the followers of the Old Academy. Gadamer seeks to prove that the expectation to reach truth by resorting to methodologism is naive and suffers from fundamental errors and problems. He introduces extra-methodical thought and hermeneutical rationality as an alternative to methodologism and methodic rationality and defines an attention to dialectic, practical wisdom, eloquence, and the fusion of horizons as the strategy to achieve those parts of truth that lies beyond methodologism.

Journal of Philosophy & Theology, 2016

The issue of religious language can be investigated from various aspects, including the semantic.... more The issue of religious language can be investigated from various aspects, including the semantic. The fundamental issue on the semantics of the language of religion is this: “Can-and how can-the language and concepts used about creatures, be significantly and positively and truly used about God? How can attributes abstracted from finite creatures refer to God Who must be simple and infinite?” Aquinas uses the analogy of internal attribution, and such attributes -abstracted from finite creatures- apply to God. Of course, he uses other types of analogy, including metaphorical attribution, to explain some religious texts about God. But Avicenna also uses the general ambiguous idea which is not different from the analogy of internal attribution. Also, he explains the language of religion with using a metaphor that it is not other than metaphorical attribution. It seems that in explaining his own claims, Avicenna has more accuracy and precedence.

Journal of Gender and Family Studies, 2019

How is the origin of existence depicted in feminist theology, and how this depiction can be criti... more How is the origin of existence depicted in feminist theology, and how this depiction can be criticized in the light of Sadra’I Wisdom? Along with their theoretical endeavor for improving the position of women, feminists have also dealt with the reformation of the theological beliefs regarding the origin of existence. By criticizing the idea of gender-oriented God in the common Christian thoughts, they have tried to represent an image that justifies feminist’s efforts in the course of the revival of women’s rights. Employing a descriptive- analytical method as well as probing into feminist's works, this study claims that some feminists in the "Theology of Transcendence" raised the status of the origin of existence higher than the Christian God; whereas some other feminists demoted it by focusing on the “Theology of Degradation". By depicting a hallucinated, variable, feminine, materialistic and non-transcendental God, the Theology of Degradation seeks to upgrade women’s status in order to compensate for their lost rights. Transcendence of women at the expense of God’s degradation is not plausible in Sadra’i Transcendental Wisdom. Indeed, woman’s transcendence according to Sadra’i Transcendental Wisdom is correlated with God’s transcendence. Hence, Sadra’i Wisdom challenges feminist Degradation Theology by representing a theorematic argument on two essential foundations of " the existence of the origin" and" absolute perfection of the origin". In addition, this system of wisdom not only depicts a plausible representation of the status of men and women, but also avoids the degradation of God’s status in order to provide the basis for achieving their lost rights.

Journal of New Intellectual Research, 2020

The main point of this article is Mulla Sadra’s view about women. Although interpretation of the ... more The main point of this article is Mulla Sadra’s view about women.
Although interpretation of the nature of woman and explaining the mystery of her differences from men has not been an independent problem for Mulla Sadra, the answer to this question can be implied from his ontological and humanistic principles. From Mulla Sadra’s philosophical point of view, humanness, in the famous Peripatetic interpretation, is not the entire reality of human beings and what distinguishes between man and other creatures is not speech in the meaning of “intellection”, rather, it is speech in the meaning of “sacred rational soul”. The entire reality of human beings is determined in light of the intensifying substantial motion of this rational soul toward the highest ranks of existent, in such a way that each one of men and women would turn into a continuous unit that has the capacity for movement from the lowest ranks of being to borders of infinity. The criterion for superiority in this movement is enjoyment of the ranks of knowledge and action. Accordingly, the sexual and gender differences are not in themselves a factor of superiority of either man or woman over another; rather, it is the enjoyment of different ranks of existence in light of actualization of knowledge and action that indicates each human being’s level of felicity and perfection. In the ending part of the article a challenging phrase of Mulla Sadra about women and the justifications brought up for it would also be surveyed.

Journal of Social Cultural Knowledge, 2019

No interpretative theory can be realized without presupposing what the text is, and the field of ... more No interpretative theory can be realized without presupposing what the text is, and the field of interpretation of social phenomena is not an exception. According to Allameh Tabatabai’s theory of credit, the social context is: “the identity of credit created for the reciprocal employment of other human beings”. With regard to the characteristics of social credentials, the social text is not linguistic and is not subject to the rules of interpretation of the linguistic text, but rather, linguistic text is one of the types of social text and is subject to the general rules of social text interpretation. Social context is contextual and has a temporal and spatial context. The social context is structured and in essence has logical requirements that are independent of the will of the actor. Finally, the social context is focused on the purpose. Based on these features, the broad lines of social text interpretation are: independence of interpretive rules from linguistic text, defining the starting point, interpretation of social text to social text, and the necessity of teleological analysis. The method of this research is analytical.

Hozha magazine, 2017

منزلت روحانیت پس از جمهوری اسلامی، کاهش یا افزایش؟ آیا خروج روحانیت از حکومت به سود دموکراسی است؟... more منزلت روحانیت پس از جمهوری اسلامی، کاهش یا افزایش؟
آیا خروج روحانیت از حکومت به سود دموکراسی است؟
حوزه علمیه و روحانیت در آینه پیمایش سرمایه اجتماعی
امکان و امتناع پژوهش در حوزه

Journal of Sadra's wisdom, 2022

The main purpose of this essay was to answer the fundamental questions of justice research in the... more The main purpose of this essay was to answer the fundamental questions of justice research in the field of political philosophy. To achieve this goal, by first examining Sadra's work, his views on social justice were extracted, and then his explicit answers to these questions were attempted. Accordingly, the findings of the study indicate that: 1. From his point of view, there are three bases for the theory of justice (the nature of human nature, how human beings interact with each other in the presupposed social state, and the relationship of human nature with how society is formed). 2. Justice is not the ultimate goal and true virtue. 3. The law is the source of access to the content of justice. 4. Social justice is contractual. 5. And finally, the possibility of establishing justice in society is only possible through effort, and one of the consequences of establishing justice in society is the sovereignty of rationality, and society without justice is not a suitable place for a blissful life. Importantly, many of the fundamental questions of political philosophy about justice remain unanswered in Sadra's works.

Journal of Theology and Contemporary philosophy, 2021

The idea of intuition, which is expressed in Suhrawardi's philosophy to explain the ontology of... more The idea of intuition, which is expressed in Suhrawardi's philosophy to explain the ontology of the soul and perception, can comprehensively justify perceptual phenomena. Muslim philosophers and Western thinkers have given various answers to the question of what perception and consciousness are. Among the answers, the two traditions of dualism and monism are more famous and efficient. The tradition of dualism, which is the belief of Muslim philosophers and conforms to religious teachings, has been expressed in various ways. Meanwhile, Suhrawardi's view, which is based on intuitive empirical perception of the soul and uses intuition as a method of studying the problems of the soul, has a greater ability to solve the problem of perception. The intuitive feature of Suhrawardi's view allows us to approach the issues of the soul with a direct understanding and offer an acceptable explanation for each of the problems. In this study, we try to answer the main question of what perception and consciousness are based on the illuminating attitude. Using descriptive-analytical method, this research has used the idea of intuition to understand and study the problems of perception.

Journal of Public Law knowledge, 2022

The transition from the reform movement of the sixteenth century and the enlightenment of the ei... more The transition from the reform movement of the sixteenth century and the enlightenment of the eighteenth century led to the formation of legal modernity alongside philosophical modernity, political modernity and scientific modernity, which are characterized by legal textualism. Based on this approach, judges should present the result of their judgment within the framework of legal texts and formal judicial logic. The subject of this article and the main question of it is: “What are the foundations on which legal textualism are based and what are its consequences in modern judicial systems?” In this article, we will first deal with the concept of legal textualism with a descriptive method so that we can then deal with the epistemology of the principles of legal textualism and its consequences with an analytical method. The results of this article introduce the principles on which legal textualism is based. In addition, the result of this article will reveal that the rigid approach to law and inferential method is not always in accordance with legal ideals and justice and it will confuse the ontological, epistemological and anthropological foundations of legal systems based on the principles of modernity with traditional and religious legal systems.

Islamic Philosophical Doctorines , 2021

Considering Ṣadrā’s view on the abstraction of perception and the arguments he has put forward, a... more Considering Ṣadrā’s view on the abstraction of perception and the arguments he has put forward, a reasoned answer to the riddle of the explanatory gap is provided. Ṣadrā’s explanation of perception and the soul is included in the dualistic interpretation, but his interpretation justifies the issue of perception and its quality more coherently, considering the abstract dignity of the soul and the fact that the soul is the source of any consciousness. On the other hand, Levin emphasizes the distinction between the nature of pain and the neural process by formulating the riddle of the explanatory gap. In his view, an explanatory gap is created between the realization of the phenomenon of perception and the similar neural processes that this gap cannot be filled based on existing neural data. The purpose of this study is to investigate the success of transcendent wisdom (Ḥikmat al-muta'aliya) in providing a reasoned answer to this issue and filling the above-mentioned explanatory gap through the rules of transcendental wisdom. Ṣadrā’s view of the abstractness of perception seems to provide a reasoned answer to the riddle of the explanatory gap by presenting it in a dualistic interpretation and by looking at the soul as a truth distinct from the material body but at the same time united with it.

Journal of Islamic Political Thought, 2021

The paper aims to study the jurisprudential attitudes in the field of contemporary Shiite Imamiya... more The paper aims to study the jurisprudential attitudes in the field of contemporary Shiite Imamiyah political thought, which is the basis for the formation of the first Shiite government. Hence, the main question is what developments have taken place in the contemporary political thought of the Imamiyah Shiite from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution? The research findings suggest that the theoretical evolution of Shiite political thought has taken place in the light of several developments, among which the two important events of the "Constitutional Revolution" and the "Islamic Revolution" have had the greatest impact. These two phenomena have led to the emergence of scientific debates under each of them and the formation of new concepts and political theories in contemporary Shiite political thought. The most important feature of these theories is the attempt to reconcile democracy, government, and the involvement of the people in political destiny by accepting religious government and the leadership of a just well qualified jurist, known as "religious democracy".

The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2019

Each stance of the policymaker gives him a hermeneutic situation, and his subsequent understandin... more Each stance of the policymaker gives him a hermeneutic situation, and his subsequent understandings are influenced by this choice. Such situations are hermeneutical situating factors, some of which are key factors, and with each choice in these situations, a chain of hermeneutical situations will arise.
In this research, using the theme analysis strategy, the conflicting situations in the area of the family have been extracted, based on six sources: upstream documents, Imam Khomeini's and the Supreme Leader's statements, strategies and policies adopted by governments, opinions of authorities, elites and educators, the models and patterns of public policy-making, cultural policy-making models, as well as the Council of Europe’s twenty-one strategic dilemmas and in 11 steps using the ISM method, the key hermeneutical situating elements have been identified and explained.
In the end, the most important hermeneutical challenges in the family domain have been explored, based on the relationships between key hermeneutical situating factors in a general "level" and four levels of hermeneutical key situating factors in the area of family.

The Quarterly Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 2021

The Concern for the development of justice in the field of culture, along with economic justice, ... more The Concern for the development of justice in the field of culture, along with economic justice, political justice, etc., confronts us with the combination of cultural justice. The concept of cultural justice, in the sense of considering the fairness or unfairness of actions, policies, distribution of cultural goods, and cultural system in general, is an extremely complex concept whose discovery and determination of criteria and indicators depend on fundamental epistemological questions. This study seeks to explain the important epistemological questions of cultural justice through a descriptive-analytical method. The results lead us to think that the adaptation of cultural choices to the nature of culture is crucial in reflecting on "understanding the origin of cultural justice." In the second question, paying attention to the originality of our culture saves us from falling into relativism in cultural justice. For the discourse of "How to achieve the standards of cultural justice", one must look for the answer to what is the nature of culture and the possibility of its controllability. Pluralism in cultural justice and the necessity of purposefulness will be the other two principles of cultural justice that the paper deals with.

Journal of Philosophy & Theology, 2023

Currently, the theory of strong artificial intelligence stands as a contentious and pivotal idea,... more Currently, the theory of strong artificial intelligence stands as a contentious and pivotal idea, having many proponents and opponents. Resolving this issue necessitates taking a stance on the mind-body or soul-body relationship. Diverse perspectives on the possibility or impossibility of strong artificial intelligence emerge from these differing approaches, as articulated by Western and Islamic philosophers of mind. This study employs an analytical-descriptive method to scrutinize the correlation between theories addressing the mindbody problem and the potential for strong artificial intelligence. The findings indicate that not only dualist perspectives but also some quarters of physicalist monism present challenges to the possibility of strong artificial intelligence.

Jurisprudence and politics, 2023

The theories of social justice are usually presented based on criticism and dissatisfaction with ... more The theories of social justice are usually presented based on criticism and dissatisfaction with the current state of society and in order to provide a model for fixing the problems of the current state and fulfilling the desired and just order. The reason and necessity of such theories has been faced with serious opposition in the liberal intellectual tradition, and it is also denied by some among the Islamic currents from another angle and due to the richness of Sharia law. In the present paper, while explaining the meaning of the "theory of social justice" and its aspects and reviewing the critical challenges about it, it is tried to show what contribution political Fiqh can have in theorizing social justice. Therefore, the paper aims to examine the contribution and direct influence of political Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) in the theoretical formulation of political justice and explain how this knowledge plays a role in the process of establishing political justice. It also explains the indirect effect and function of political Fiqh in other areas of theorizing justice since the political structure of the society is the only structure that has an influence on other macrostructures of collective life, and the modernity, capability and dynamism of political Fiqh can in this way be effective on the fairness and optimization of other areas of social justice - along with political justice.

Hikmat - e - Islami, 2020

The explanation of the meaning of philosophy and its method in modern time in comparison to that ... more The explanation of the meaning of philosophy and its method in modern time in comparison to that of the Islamic theosophy and its method helps us tell the identity of the former from that of the latter. The rise of modern law in contrast to the Islamic law owes to the philosophical foregrounds and meta-law approaches. Consequently, study of the foundations of ontology epistemology and methodology of law and its philosophical foregrounds help us know its identity.
Viewing the wide scope of the philosophy of law in modern viewpoint, this research goes to merely refer to Immanuel Kant Auguste Comte, Vienna Circle and those on the margin on the meaning of philosophy of law. In respect of the meaning and method of Islamic theosophy, the authors have tried to offer a different philosophy of law. In its celebrated meaning, the philosophy of Islamic law is a discipline in which a set of similar sort of propositions are directly put together in the light of the Qur’an, proof and ‘irfan (Islamic mysticism) in order to ponder over the creation of the Islamic law system and to explain its epistemological infrastructure. In the course of pursuing this idea, resistance against modern interpretations of law can be a strong point to lift the position of the philosophy of Islamic law.

Kheradname-ye Sadra, 2022

By doubting the materiality of perceptions based on the problem of explanatory gap, a rational ba... more By doubting the materiality of perceptions based on the problem of explanatory gap, a rational basis is provided for criticizing Ibn Sīnā’s arguments regarding the impossibility of the immateriality of particular perceptions, the demonstration of possibility, and also the necessity of the immateriality of different types of perception. The material interpretation of particular perceptions – whether sensory or imaginal – is among Ibn Sīnā’s views in the ontology of perception. Through providing some arguments on the impossibility of the immateriality of particular perceptive experiences, he believes that the only possible state with respect to such experiences is their immateriality. On the other hand, hypothesizing the existence of a possible world in which a metaphysical state such as pain can be imagined in the absence of a neural process makes the distinction between mental state and neural process possible. This explanatory gap between them makes the immateriality of perception possible through negating the identity of these two phenomena. Given the distinction between physical and metaphysical states and the necessity of the immateriality of perception based on various philosophical arguments, the materiality of particular perception is debatable. Therefore, Mullā Ṣadrā’s idea of the immateriality of sensory and imaginal perception, similar to rational perceptions, presents a more comprehensive explanation of perception and the soul. This paper focus on a study of the whatness and ontology of particular perceptions, the discussion of which is subcategorized under the problem of the soul-body relation in the process of perception.

The Judiciary Law Journal, 2022

The modern legal system in Iran has always been influenced by the textualism movement and legal f... more The modern legal system in Iran has always been influenced by the textualism movement and legal formalism. The interactive resultant of these two currents has led to a kind of legal positivism in the Iranian judicial system, according which judges must present their judgment with formal judicial logic and within the framework of legal textualism. These assumptions lead us to the main question of this article, which is the nature of legal textualism and legal formalism and how they affect the rule of legal positivism in the Iranian judiciary System. In this article, we will first use a descriptive method to discuss the concept of legal textualism and legal formalism and legal positivism in order to be able to analyze the rule of paradigm based on these concepts on the Iranian judicial system and its consequences. The findings of this study will reveal that the rigid approach to law and the method of judicial inference is not always in line with legal ideals and justice. The other findings of this study will reveal interactive resultant of the textualism movement and legal formalism in the Iranian judicial system is the rule of kind legal positivism, which has confused the ontological, epistemological and anthropological foundations of legal systems based on the principles of modernity with the Islamic legal system in several principles of the constitution and ordinary laws.

political science, 2008

Political philosophy, as a system of knowledge which is based on three main analytic, descriptive... more Political philosophy, as a system of knowledge which is based on three main analytic, descriptive, and prescriptive aspects, can be framed according to Islamic anthropology, values, and foundations under the rubric of “Islamic political philosophy.” Transcendental philosophy that is the evolved form the Islamic philosophical tradition and continued from the time of Mulla Sadra to the present time does not contain the conceptual elements of a comprehensive political philosophy; however, it can help improve such a philosophy. The present paper, after elaborating on political philosophy and Islamic political philosophy, is to clarify the actual status of transcendental philosophy in framing Islamic political philosophy.

political science, 2009

The present paper is to show that Islamic seminary school thought as an epistemological approac... more The present paper is to show that Islamic seminary school thought as an epistemological approach has the capacity for intellectualism due to the specific principles, foundations, and features it has only if we do not limit intellectualism to its historical origin and identificational barrier in the Age of Enlightenment. The paper also elaborates on the five features of this thought and analyzes intellectualism into the three main features of being contemporary, having a critical thinking, and trying to find solutions for important problems of the time. Then the paper shows that the five features of this thought are not incompatible with the three features of intellectualism. In sum, the paper emphasized the point that, although all the various projects by religious intellectualism were endeavors to help religious thought overcome the challenges of the modern world, what makes Islamic seminary school intellectualism different from the other projects of religious intellectualism are the specific epistemological framework dominating over Islamic seminary school intellectualism and its strategy for confronting with challenges of the contemporary world.